Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

ضَيَاحٌ ذ : see ضَيْحٌ, in two places.

مُضَيَّحٌ ذ : see ضَيْحٌ.

عَيْشٌ مَضْيُوحٌ ذ (tropical:) A turbid life; syn. مَمْذُوقٌ. (Fr, O, K, TA.)

مُتَضَيِّحٌ ذ (tropical:) Coming to the watering-trough when most of the contents thereof has been drunk and there remains but little, mixed, (IAth, * O, K, TA,) and turbid; (IAth, TA;) this being likened to milk mixed with water: (TA:) or coming to water the last of the people. (AHeyth, TA.)

1 ضَارَهُ ذ , aor. يَضِيرُ, inf. n. ضَيْرٌ; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) as also ضَارَهُ, aor. يَضُورُ, inf. n. ضَوْرٌ; (S, M, K;) It (a thing, M, K) harmed, injured, hurt, mischiefed, or damaged, him; i. q. ضَرَّهُ, (S, M, K,) or أَضَرَّ بِهِ. (Msb.) You say, هٰذَا مِمَّا لَا يَضِيرُكَ [ This is of the things that will not harm thee ]: and لَوْ فَعَلْتَهُ لَمْ يَضِرْكَ [ Hadst thou done it, it had not harmed thee ]: and لَا ضَيْرَ عَلَيْكَ [ No harm shall befall thee ]. (A.) And مَا يَضِيرُكَ عَلَى الضَّبِّ صِيْدٌ i. q. مَا يَضُرُّكَ q. v. (A in art. ضر.) And Ks says that he had heard (from one of the people of El-' Áliyeh. TA) the phrase لَا يَنْفَعُنِى ذٰلِكَ وَلَا يَضُورُنِى [ That will not benefit me, nor will it harm me ]. (S, TA.) See also a reading of a phrase in a trad. cited in art. ضر. conj. 3.

1 ضَازَ ذ , (S, K,) aor. يَضِيزُ, inf. n. ضَيْزٌ, (TA,) He deviated from the right course; or acted unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically; (S, K;) فِى الحُكْمِ in the judgment: (S:) like ضَأَزَ. (TA in art. ضأز.) ― -b2- ضَازَهُ حَقَّهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He deprived him, or defrauded him, of a part, or the whole, of his right, or due: (S, M, K:) like ضَازَهُ, aor. يَضُوزُهُ: (K:) he refused it to him, or withheld it from him: (AZ, M, TA:) and sometimes one says ضَأَزَهُ, aor. يَضْأَزُهُ, inf. n. ضَأْزٌ. (S, TA.)

قِسْمَةٌ ضِيزَى ذ An unjust, (S, M,) or a defective, (K in art. ضأز,) division: (S, M, K:) as also ضُوزَى: (M:) ضيزى in the Kur liii. 22 is read by all without hemz: (TA:) it is of the measure فُعْلَى, like طُوبَى and حُبْلَى; but the ض is with kesr in order that the ى may remain unchanged; for there is not in the language an epithet of the measure فِعْلَى; this being a measure of substantives, like الشِّعْرَى and الدِّفْلَى: (S:) or, accord. to Aboo-' Alee, it is not an epithet, but an inf. n., like ذِكْرَى, as though the meaning were قِسْمَةٌ ذَاتُ جَوْرٍ: (Har p. 524:) Fr says that some of the Arabs say ضَأْزَى, and ضُؤْزَى: and AHát mentions AZ's having heard the Arabs say ضِئْزَى, with hemz. (S.)

1 ضَاعَ ذ , aor. يَضِيعُ, inf. n. ضَيَاعٌ and ضَيْعَةٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ضَيْعٌ and ضِيعٌ, (K,) It (a thing, S, Mgh, O, Msb) perished, came to nought, passed away, or became lost. (S, O, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad. of Saad, اـِنِّى أَخَافُ عَلَى الأَعْنَابِ الضَّيْعُةَ i. e. [ Verily I fear, for the grapes, ] their [lit. the ] perishing, or becoming lost. (TA.) ― -b2- And ضاع, (K, TA,) inf. n. ضَيَاعٌ and ضَيْعَةٌ, (TA,) It (a thing) was left; left, or let, alone; or neglected. (K, TA.) Hence, ضاعت الاـِبِلُ, and ضاع العِيَالُ, The camels, and the family, or household, were left untended, and unminded; and were left alone, or neglected. (TA.) -A2- ضاع, aor. يَضِيعُ, said of perfume, or sweet odour, i. q. ضاع having for its aor. يَضُوعُ. (Har p. 670.) [See 5 in art. ضوع: and see also 5 in the present art.]

2 ضيّع الشَّىْءَ ذ , (O, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَضْيِيعٌ; (S;) and ↓ اضاعهُ, (O, Msb, K,) inf. n. اـِضَاعَةٌ; (S;) both signify the same; (S, O, Msb, K;) He made, or caused, the thing to perish, or become lost; he destroyed it, wasted it, or lost it. (Msb, K, TA.) Hence, ضَيَّعُوا فُلَانًا is used by the vulgar as meaning They beheaded such a one with the sword. (TA.) It is said in a prov., الصَّيْفَ ضَيَّعْتِ اللَّبَنَ [ In the spring, or in the summer, thou losedst the milk ], in which the ت is with kesr when the words are addressed to a male, or to a female, or to a pl. number, because originally addressed to a woman, the wife of a wealthy man, whom she disliked because of his being aged, wherefore he divorced her, and a poor man married her, and she sent to her first husband requesting a gift, and he answered her thus; (S, O, K; *) الصيف being in the accus. case as an adv. n.: so says Yaakoob: (S, O:) or El-Aswad Ibn-Hurmuz divorced his wife El- ' Anood Esh-Shenneeyeh, (O, K,) of the BenooShenn, (TA,) preferring to her a beautiful and wealthy woman of his people; (O, K; *) then there occurred between them what led to their separation, and he sought to obtain [again] El- ' Anood, and sent a message to her; but in replying to him she said, أَنْشَأْتَ تَطْلُبُ وَصْلَنَا فِى الصَّيْفِ ضَيَّعْتَ اللَّبَنْ [ Thou hast begun to seek our union: in the spring, or in the summer, thou losedst the milk ]: (O, * K:) the ت in this case being with fet-h. (K. [See more in Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 197-8, or in Har p. 577; in both of which, however, and in the O, ضيّعت is with kesr in the latter case, as in the former.]) [One says also, ضيّع عَهْدَهُ, meaning He broke his compact, contract, or covenant ]. The phrase, in a trad., نَهَى عَنْ المَالِ ↓ اـِضَاعَةِ means He forbade the expending of wealth otherwise than in obedience to God, and the squandering thereof, and extravagance. (TA.) ― -b2- See also the next paragraph.

4 اضاع الشَّىْءَ ذ : see 2, first sentence, and last but one. ― -b2- Also, [and app. ↓ ضيّعهُ likewise, accord. to the K,] He left the thing; left it, or let it, alone; or neglected it. (K, TA.) You say, اضاع عِيَالَهُ He neglected his family, or household; omitted taking good care of them, or being mindful of them. (TA.) وَمَا كَانَ ا@للّٰهُ لِيُضِعَ اـِيمَانَكُمْ, in the Kur [ii. 138], means And God will not neglect [or make to be lost ] your prayer. (TA.) أَضَاعُوا الصَّلَاةَ, in the same, [xix. 60,] means Who neglected, or omitted, prayer, (Bd, TA,) altogether: (TA:) or deferred it: (Bd:) or who performed it in other than its right time: but the first explanation is more suitable, for the unbelievers are meant thereby. (TA.) -A2- اضاع [is also intrans., and] may signify He found his affair to be coming to nought. (Ham p. 33.) ― -b2- And His estates (ضِيَاعُهُ) became wide-spread, (S, O, K,) and many, or numerous. (S, O, Msb, K.)

5 تضيّع ذ , said of the wind, It blew: because it [often] destroys that upon which it blows: so says Er-Rághib. (TA. [But it may be from what here follows.]) ― -b2- Said of musk, It diffused its odour, or fragrance: (S, O, K;) a dial. var. of تضوّع: (S:) or an instance of substitution [of ى for و]. (O.) [See also 1, last explanation.]

مَاتَ ضِيْعًا ذ and ضِيَعًا: see ضَيَاعٌ.

ضَيْعَةٌ ذ an inf. n. of 1. (S, &c.) ― -b2- See ضَيَاعٌ, below, last sentence but one. ― -b3- Also A single case, or occasion, of perishing, coming to nought, passing away, or becoming lost; or of being left, left or let alone, or neglected. (TA.) ― -b4- تَرَكْتُهُ بِضَيْعَةٍ means I left him unsought-after, or unminded, or unmissed. (TA. [See also a similar phrase voce ضَيَاعٌ.]) -A2- Also i. q. عَقَارٌ [meaning An estate consisting of land, or of land and a house, or of a house or land yielding a revenue, or of a house and palm-trees, or the like ]; (S, O, Msb, K;) and [particularly] land yielding a revenue; (K;) or with the people of the towns and villages and cultivated lands it signifies the property, of a man, consisting of palm-trees and grape-vines and land: but the Arabs [of the desert] know not the word in this sense: (Az, TA:) IF says, I do not reckon the application of this word as a name for the عَقَار to be of the original language, but think it to be an innovation in speech; and I have heard it said that this is termed a ضيعة because, when frequent attention to it is neglected, it perishes; and if it be so, this is an evidence of what we have said, that it is of the innovated speech: (O, TA:) the dim. is ↓ ضُيَيْعَةٌ, for which one should not say ضُوَيْعَةٌ: (S, O, K:) the pl. is ضِيَاعٌ and ضِيَعٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) as though the latter were a contraction of the former, (Msb,) and ضَيْعَاتٌ: (K:) accord. to Lth, the first of these pls. signifies places of alighting or abode or settlement; which are thus called because, when the paying frequent attention to them, or taking good care of them, and the keeping them, or putting them, in a good state, or state of repair, is neglected, they come to nought: and ضَيْعَاتٌ occurs in a trad. as meaning the means of subsistence. (TA.) And, (T, O, Msb, K,) as used by the Arabs [of the desert], who know not the word in any other sense than this, (T, O,) A craft, or handicraft, by which one gains his subsistence; a mode, or manner, of gain; or any habitual work or occupation of a man; (T, O, Msb, K) as the sewing of skins or boots and the like; and the twisting of ropes; and the weaving, or plaiting, of palm-leaves; and the culture of palm-trees (عَمَلُ النَّخْلِ); and the pasturing of camels; and the like thereof; (T, O;) including the sowing, or tilling, of land: (TA:) or the ضَيْعَة of the Arabs was the management, or tending, of camels and of sheep and goats: and the term includes a man's craft, or handicraft, or means of gain: (Sh, O:) and his traffic: (Sh, O, K:) one says to a man, قُمْ اـِلَى ضَيْعَتِكَ [ Arise to thy craft, &c.]: (Sh, O:) and كُلُّ رَجُلٍ وَضَيْعَتَهُ, [ Every man should occupy himself with his proper craft, &c.] (Msb.) أَفْشَى ا@للّٰهُ, ضَيْعَتَهُ, occurring in a trad., means God made or may God make, his means of subsistence to be abundant. (TA.) And one says, فَشَتْ ضَيْعَتُهُ, [or, more commonly, فَشَتْ عَلَيْهِ ضَيْعَتُهُ, as in the TA in art. فشو, &c.,] which is said to mean His property was, or became, large, or abundant, [or wide-spread, ] so that he was unable to collect it together: and [hence] his means of attaining his object [or his affairs (as in the TA in art. فشو)] became disordered so that he knew not with which of them to begin: (TA:) or he took to doing an affair that did not concern him: (TA, and Ham p. 33:) it is nearly like the saying اِتَّسَعَ الخَرْقُ عَلَى الرَّاقِعِ [expl. in art. خرق]. (Ham ibid.) And اـِنِّى لَأَرَى ضَيْعَةً لَا يُصْلِحُهَا اـِلَّا ضَجْعَةٌ [ Verily I see property that nothing but a sleep will restore to a right state ] a prov.; said by a pastor whose camels had dispersed themselves, and who, desiring to collect them together, and being unable to do so, sought aid of sleep. (O.)

مَاتَ ضِيعَةً ذ : see the next paragraph.

ضَيَاعٌ ذ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, &c.) [Hence] one says, مَاتَ ضَيَاعًا, as also ↓ ضِيَعًا, and ↓ ضِيْعًا, and ↓ ضِيعَةٌ, He (a man, TA) died unsought-after, or unminded, or unmissed. (K, TA. [See also a similar phrase voce ضَيْعَةٌ.]) ― -b2- Also A family, or household: (ISh, O, K:) or the meaning is عِيَالٌ ضُيَّعٌ, (Mgh, O, K, *) i. e. a family, or household, neglected, untended, and unminded; (TA;) or such as are exposed, or liable, to perish, (بِعَرَضِ أَنْ يَضِيعَ,) as young children, and those who are crippled, or deprived of the power of motion, who cannot manage their own affairs: (Mgh:) occurring in a trad., in which it is said that when a man died leaving such as are thus termed, (تَرَكَ ضَيَاعًا,) they were to be brought to the Prophet, (Mgh, O,) to be maintained by means of the government-treasury: (Mgh:) a prefixed noun is to be understood [i. e. it is for عِيَالَ ضَيَاعٍ or the like]: (Mgh:) or it is an inf. n. used as a subst. [properly thus termed]: (Mgh, O:) or, accord. to one relation of the trad., the word is ↓ ضَيْعَةً [which is likewise an inf. n., and in this case to be expl. in the same manner]: (Mgh:) if read ضِيَاعًا, it would be pl. of ضَائِعٌ. (Mgh, O.) -A2- Also A sort of perfume, or odoriferous substance. (K.)

ضُيَيْعَةٌ ذ dim. of ضَيْعَةٌ, q. v. (S, O, K.)

ضَائعٌ ذ Perishing, coming to nought, passing away, or becoming lost: (Mgh, * Msb:) [and being left; left, or let, alone; or neglected: ] part. n. of 1: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. ضِيَاعٌ (Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ضُيَّعٌ. (Mgh, O, * Msb, K. *) [See an ex. of the latter pl. in a verse cited voce دَانَ, in art. دين. See also سَائِعٌ, in art. سوع.] ― -b2- And A man in a state of poverty: or having a family, or household, to sustain: or in a state of circumstances by means of which he is unable to subsist. (TA.) ― -b3- فُلَانٌ يَأْكُلُ فِى مِعًى ضَائِعٍ means جَائِعٍ [i. e. Such a one eats into a hungry, or an empty, gut ]: and it was said to the daughters of ElKhuss, “ What is the sharpest thing? (مَا أَحَدُّ شَىْء;) and she answered, نَابٌ جَائِعٌ يُلْقِى فِى مِعًى ضَائِعٍ [ A hungry canine tooth that throws the food into an empty gut ]. (S.)

أَضْيَعُ ذ means أَكْثَرُ ضَيَاعًا: so in the saying, فُلَانٌ أَضْيَعُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ [ Such a one is in a more perishing state than such a one ]. (TA.)

مُضِيعٌ ذ act. part. n. of the trans. v. اضاع. (TA.) [See مِسْيَاعٌ, in art. سوع.] -A2- And part. n. of the intrans. v. اضاع; as such signifying One whose estates (ضِيَاعُهُ) are becoming wide-spread, and many, or numerous. (S, TA.)

مَضِيعَةٌ ذ and مَضْيَعَةٌ i. q. ضَيَاعٌ [an inf. n. of 1, q. v.]. (Mgh, O, Msb, K.) So in the saying, تَرَكَ عِيَالَهُ بِمَضِيعَةٍ or بِمَضْيَعَةٍ [ He left his family, or household, in a state of perishing, &c.]. (Mgh.) So too in the saying, السَّارِقُ لَا يُقْطَعُ فِى مَالٍ بِمَضِيعَةٍ [ The thief shall not suffer amputation of his hand in the case of his stealing property in a neglected state ]. (Mgh.) And so in the saying, هُوَ بِدَارِ مَضِيعَةٍ (S, * O, K) and مَضْيَعَةٍ (O, K) [ He is in a place (lit. an abode ) of perdition, &c.]: or as meaning in this saying, abandonment, and ignominy. (TA.) And هُوَ مُقِيمٌ بِدَارِ مَضِيعَةٍ or مَضْيَعَةٍ means [ He is dwelling in the abode of indolence; or] his characteristic in his affairs is indolence. (Msb.) ― -b2- Also, [or perhaps the latter only, as meaning A cause of perishing &c., this latter being app. of the class of مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ &c.,] A desert, or waterless desert, that is cut off [ from inhabited regions ]: or, as expl. by IJ, a place in which a man perishes, or is lost. (Msb.)

مُضَيِّعٌ ذ : see what follows.

رَجُلٌ مِضْيَاعٌ لِلْمَالِ ذ i. q. لَهُ ↓ مُضَيِّعٌ [i. e. A man who wastes, or squanders, wealth, or property ]. (S, O, K.)

1 ضَافَ ذ , (M, K,) [aor. يَضِيفُ,] inf. n. ضَيْفٌ; (TK;) and ↓ اضاف, (M,) and ↓ تضيّف, and ↓ ضيّف; (K;) He, or it, inclined, (M, K,) and approached, or drew near; اـِلَيْهِ [ to him, or it ]. (M.) ― -b2- And ضافت الشَّمْسُ, (S, M, Mgh,) or ضافت الشمس لِلْغُرُوبِ, (O,) aor. تَضِيفُ, inf. n. ضَيْفٌ; (M;) and ↓ تضيّفت, (S, M, Mgh,) or تضيّفت للغروب; (O;) and ↓ ضيّفت, (S, M, Mgh,) ضيّفت للغروب; (O;) The sun inclined, (S, Mgh, O,) or drew near, (M,) to setting. (S, M, Mgh, O.) ― -b3- And ضافت said of a woman, aor. as above, She menstruated; (O, K;) because she who does so inclines, or declines, from a state of pureness to menstruation. (O, TA.) ― -b4- And ضاف السَّهْمُ, (M,) or ضاف السهم عَنِ الهَدَفِ, (S, O,) The arrow turned aside from the butt: (S, M, O:) like صاف. (S, O.) And ضاف عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, inf. n. ضَوْفٌ [and ضَيْفٌ], He, or it, turned away from the thing: like صاف, inf. n. صَوْفٌ [and صَيْفٌ]. (M in art. ضوف.) ― -b5- And ضاف said of a man, (assumed tropical:) He feared; as also ↓ اضاف. (M.) And مِنْهُ ↓ اضاف (assumed tropical:) He feared it, or was cautious of it; namely, an event, or affair; (S, M, O, K, TA;) as also ضاف مِنْهُ: (TA:) or (tropical:) he was cautious of it with the caution of one encompassed, or beset, thereby. (Z, TA.) -A2- ضِفْتُهُ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) aor. أَضِيفُهُ, (O, K,) inf. n. ضِيَافَةٌ, (S,) or ضَيْفٌ, (Msb,) or both; (M, O, K;) and ↓ تَضَيَّفْتُهُ; (S, M, O, K;) I alighted at his abode; (M, Msb;) and inclined to him: (M:) or I alighted at his abode (S, M, O, Msb, K) as a ضَيْف [or guest ], (S, O, K,) or and became his ضَيْف [or guest ]. (M, O, Msb. [See also 3.]) And ضاف القَوْمَ, and ↓ تَضَيَّفَهُمْ, He alighted at the abode of the people, or party, as a ضَيْف [or guest ]. (Mgh.) And ↓ تَضَيَّفْتُهُ I came to him as a ضَيْف [or guest ]. (L, TA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] ضافهُ الهَمُّ (assumed tropical:) Anxiety befell him. (S, M, * O. [See, again, 3.]) ― -b3- And ضِفْتُهُ signifies also I sought, or desired, of him entertainment as a ضَيْف [or guest ]; and so ↓ تَضَيَّفْتُهُ; (M;) or this latter, (L, Msb,) and ↓ اِسْتَضَفْتُهُ, (M,) I asked of him such entertainment. (M, L, Msb.)

2 ضيّف ذ , intrans.: see 1, first and second sentences. -A2- As trans.: see 4, last sentence, in four places. ― -b2- [Hence,] ضَيَّفْتُهُ signifies also (assumed tropical:) I protected him, or defended him, from him who sought, or pursued, him: (Msb:) (tropical:) I rendered him safe, secure, or free from fear; and became at peace with him; thus used metaphorically. (TA.)

3 ضايفهُ ذ [app. signifies He straitened him: (see 6:) or, perhaps, he became his guest; like ضَافَهُ, &c]. ― -b2- [Hence one says,] ضايفهُ الهَمُّ (tropical:) [ Anxiety straitened him: or, perhaps, befell him; like ضَافَهُ]. (TA.) ― -b3- [And ضايفهُ, inf. n. مُضَايَفَةٌ, signifies also It was, or became, correlative to it; as, for instance, fathership to sonship. See also the next paragraph.]

4 اضاف ذ , intrans.: see 1, in three places. ― -b2- Also, said of a man, He ran, and hastened, made haste, or sped, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) and fled, or turned away and fled: (K:) and said of a dog as meaning he ran away, or fled. (TA in art. جبن.) ― -b3- And اضاف عَلَى الشَّىْءِ i. q. أَشْرَفَ عَلَيْهِ [ He looked upon, or viewed, the thing from above: or he was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of the thing: &c.]. (O, K, * TA.) ― -b4- تُضِيفُ اـِلَى صَوْتِ الفَحْلِ, said of a she-camel, means She hears with desire of going to him the voice, or sound, of the stallion. (M.) ― -b5- And الاـِضَافَةُ and ↓ التَّضَايُفُ signify Correlation, or reciprocal relation, so that one of the two cannot be conceived in the mind without the other; as in the case of الأُبُوَّةُ and البُنُوَّةُ [i. e. fathership and sonship]. (KT. [See also 3.]) -A2- اضافهُ اـِلَيْهِ He made it to incline towards it; (S, M, * O, Msb, K; *) namely, a thing (S, O) to a thing. (S, O, Msb.) He made it to lean, rest, or stay itself, against it, or upon it. (M, TA.) You say, اضاف ظَهْرَهُ اـِلَى الحَائِطِ He leaned his back against the wall. (MA.) And اضاف اـِلَيْهِ أَمْرًا (tropical:) He rested, or stayed, upon him an affair, and desired him to do what would suffice. (TA.) ― -b2- And He made him to have recourse to it, or to betake himself to it for refuge. (S, O, K.) ― -b3- And He adjoined it to it. (Msb.) ― -b4- And hence الاـِضَافَةُ as a conventional term of the grammarians; because the first [of two nouns in the case to which it applies] is adjoined to the second: (Msb:) [for] اـِضَافَةُ الاِسْمِ اـِلَى الاِسْمِ is [ The prefixing the noun to the noun so that the former governs the latter in the gen. case ] as when you say غُلَامُ زَيْدٍ; in which instance, غلام is termed ↓ مُضَافٌ, and زيد is termed اـِلَيْهِ ↓ مُضَافٌ: and this is done for the purpose of particularizing or appropriating, and of making known or definite: therefore the اـِضَافَة of a thing to itself [i. e. the prefixing a noun in this manner to one identical therewith in meaning] is not allowable, because a thing does not make known, or definite, itself; (S;) unless by an ellipsis, as when you say حَقُّ اليَقِينِ for حَقُّ الشَّىْءِ اليَقِينِ; or, accord. to Fr, the Arabs used to do so because of the difference of the two words themselves. (S voce جَامِعٌ.) [الاـِضَافَةُ is also often used as meaning The state of being prefixed in the manner explained above; or the connection of a noun so prefixed with its complement. The various kinds of اـِضَافَة are sufficiently explained in the grammars of De Sacy and others: they are not proper subjects of a lexicon, though much is said respecting them in the O, and more in the Msb. ― -b5- Hence also, بِالاـِضَافَةِ اـِلَى كَذَا meaning In comparison with (lit. to ), or in relation to, (like بِالنِّسْبَةِ اـِلَى,) such a thing; as though in juxtaposition to it: a phrase of frequent occurrence: see an ex. in Bd ii. 6.] ― -b6- أَضَفْتُهُ (inf. n. اـِضَافَةٌ, Msb) and ↓ ضَيَّفْتُهُ (inf. n. تَضْيِيفٌ, O) both signify the same, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) from الضِّيَافَةُ; (O;) i. e. both signify I made him a guest, or lodged him, or gave him refuge or asylum, syn. أَنْزَلْتُهُ, (S, M, Msb,) with me, as a ضَيْف [or guest ], (S,) and entertained him: (S, M, Msb:) أَضَافُوهُ and ↓ ضَيَّفُوهُ both signify أَنْزَلُوهُ: (Mgh:) accord. to Th, أَضَفْتُهُ signifies I lodged him at my abode as a ضَيْف: and I gave him (i. e. one in fear) protection, or refuge or asylum: (Msb:) and ↓ ضَيَّفْتُهُ is also expl. as meaning I fed him: and ↓ ضيّفهُ as meaning he made him to be in the condition of أَضْيَاف [or guests ]. (TA.)

5 تَضَيَّفَ intrans.: see 1, first and second sentences. ― -b2- تَضَيُّفٌ signifies also The being collected together. (KL, from the Mj.) ― -b3- And The being a تَابِع [or follower, &c.]. (Id.) -A2- As trans.: see 1, latter half, in four places.

6 تَضَاْيَفَ see 4. -A2- تضايف as said of a valley, [from ضِيفٌ “ a side, ”] It became narrow; syn. تَضَايَقَ. (S, M, O.) تَضَايَفْنَ عَلَيْهِ, a phrase used by a poet [describing camels following an old camel], They became near to him, (S, M, O,) by his side. (S, M.) And you say, تضايفهُ القَوْمُ The people, or party, became on both sides of him (بِضِيفَيْهِ). (TA.) And تَضَايفُه السَّبُعَانِ The two beasts of prey hemmed him in on both sides. (TA.) And تَضَايَفَتِ الكِلَابُ الصَّيْدَ and تَضَايَفَتْ عَلَيْهِ [ The dogs hemmed in the object of the chase on both sides, or round about ]. (TA.) [In the TA, all these are said to be tropical; but why, I see not.]

7 انضاف اـِلَيْهِ ذ signifies He, or it, became joined, or adjoined, or added, to him, or it: and he joined himself to him: but is perhaps postclassical.]

10 اـِسْتَضْيَفَ see 1, last sentence. ― -b2- You say also اِسْتَضَافَنِى, meaning He desired me, or asked me, to grant him protection, or refuge. (Msb.) And استضاف فُلَانٌ اـِلَى فُلَانٍ Such a one had recourse, or betook himself, to such a one for protection, or refuge. (IAar, M.)

ضَيْفٌ ذ A guest: and guests: (MA:) so called because adjoined to the family and fed with them: (Ham p. 124:) it is applied to one, and to a pl. number, (S, M, MA, O, Msb, K,) and to a male and to a female, (S, O, Msb, K,) because it is originally an inf. n.: (MA, Msb:) [as a sing.,] i. q. ↓ مُضَيَّفٌ, (M,) which is syn. with نَزِيلٌ: (TA:) and applied to a pl. number, it may be pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.] of ↓ ضَائِفٌ, which is syn. with نَازِلٌ; thus being of the class of زَوْزٌ and صَوْمٌ: (M:) and it is also pluralized, having for its pls. أَضْيَافٌ and ضِيفَانٌ (S, M, MA, O, Msb, K) and ضُيُوفٌ (S, M, MA, O, K) and ضِيَافٌ, (MA, TA,) the first of which is properly a pl. of pauc., but is also used as a pl. of mult.: (M:) and a female is termed ضَيْفَةٌ as well as ضَيْفٌ: (S, M, O, Msb, K:) El-Ba'eeth says, لَقًى حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْىَ ضَيْفَةٌ [ A castaway with whom his mother became pregnant while she was a guest ]: (S, M, O:) or, accord. to AHeyth, the meaning here is that which follows. (O.) ― -b2- ضَيْفَةٌ applied to a woman signifies also Menstruating: (O, K:) so says AHeyth with reference to the citation above from El-Ba'eeth. (O.)

ضِيفٌ ذ The side (T, S, M, O, K) of a valley (T, M) and of a mountain (M) [&c.: see 6]: and, as metaphorically used by an anonymous poet, of the ذَكَر: (M:) and ↓ مَضَايِفُ signifies the sides of a valley. (TA.) ― -b2- And one says, فُلَانٌ فِى ضِيفِ فُلَانٍ, meaning Such a one is in the vicinage, or quarter, of such a one. (M.)

ضَيْفَنٌ ذ One who comes with a guest: (S, O:) or who so comes intruding without invitation: (K:) or one who follows a guest: derived from ضَيْفٌ, accord. to Sb; but said by AZ to belong to art. ضفن: (M:) [accord. to J and Sgh] the ن is augmentative: the pl. is ضَيَافِنُ. (S, O.)

ضِيَافَةٌ ذ an inf. n. of ضِفْتُهُ in the first of the senses assigned to the latter above. (S, M, O, K.) ― -b2- [And] a subst. from أَضَفْتُهُ and ضَيَّفْتُهُ [as such signifying The entertainment of a guest or guests; i. e. the act of entertaining: and an entertainment as meaning a repast, given to a guest or guests; a banquet, or feast ]. (Msb.) [Hence, دَارُ الضِّيَافَةِ The house of entertainment of guests. ]

ضَائِفٌ ذ A man alighting as a guest; syn. نَازِلٌ: (M, TA:) see ضَيْفٌ: its [proper] pl. is ضُيَّفٌ. (TA.)

مُضَافٌ ذ ; and مُضَافٌ اـِلَيْهِ: see 4. ― -b2- The former signifies also (tropical:) One who is made an adjunct, or adherent, to a people, or party, (S, M, O, K, TA,) and made to incline to them, (M,) not being of them. (M, TA.) One says, مَا هُوَ اـِلَّا مُضَافٌ (tropical:) [ He is none other than an adjunct, or adherent ]. (TA.) ― -b3- And (tropical:) One whose origin, or lineage, or parentage, is suspected; or who makes a claim to relationship not having it: (O, K, TA:) and (K) whose origin, or relationship, is referred to a people, or party, of whom he is not a member. (O, K, TA.) ― -b4- And One who is constrained to betake himself to a place of refuge, (M, O, K, TA,) to a narrow, or confined, place, and who is burdened with evil: (TA:) El-Bureyk ElHudhalee says, وَيَحْمِى المُضَافَ اـِذَا مَا دَعَا [ And he protects him who is constrained to betake himself to a place of refuge, when he calls for aid ]. (M.) And ↓ مُسْتَضَافٌ signifies the same as مُضَافٌ [app. in the last of the senses expl. above]: so says IB; and he cites the saying of Jowwás Ibn-Heiyán El-Azdee, عِ وَأَحْمِى المُسْتَضَافَا ↓ وَلَقَدْ أَقْدَمُ فِى الرَّوٌ [app. meaning And verily I advance boldly in the case of fear, and I protect him who is constrained to betake himself to a place of refuge ]. (TA.) [See also مَضُوفٌ.] ― -b5- Also One who is beset, hemmed in, or encompassed, in war, or battle: (S, O, K: said in the TA to be tropical:) or one falling among the horsemen and men of valour, having in him no strength. (M.) [See, again, مَضُوفٌ.] ― -b6- And One in a state of fear. (TA.)

مَضُوفٌ ذ Beset by distress of mind: (TA:) [accord. to Freytag, as from the Deewán of the Hudhalees, constrained to seek refuge: (see also مُضَافٌ:)] it occurs in the saying of the Hudhalee, أَنْتَ تُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ المَضُوفِ [ Thou answerest the prayer, or call, of him who is beset &c.]; and is formed after the manner of بُوعَ for بِيعَ. (M, TA.)

مَضِيفٌ ذ a dial. var. of مَصِيفٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) [ISd says that] مَضِيفًا occurring in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb [as some relate it], cited voce كَرَبَةٌ, [where the reading of مَصِيفًا is given,] is for ضَائِفًا, meaning Turning aside; crooked. (M.)

مُضِيفٌ ذ Fleeing; or turning away and fleeing. (Ibn-'Abbád, O. [See also its verb.])

مُضَافَةٌ ذ Hardship, or difficulty, or distress. (TA.) ― -b2- See also the next paragraph.

مَضُوفَةٌ ذ , an anomalous word, by rule مَضِيفَةٌ, (Kh, Sb, TA in art. ضوف,) Anxiety; and want, or a want; (O and K in that art.;) and ↓ مَضِيفَةٌ and ↓ مُضِيفَةٌ signify the same; (O in that art. and in art. ضيف;) or these two signify anxiety, and grief: (K in this art.:) or مَضُوفَةٌ signifies an affair, or event, that is feared, or of which one is cautious; (S and M in this art.;) thus accord. to As; and ↓ مَضِيفَةٌ and ↓ مُضَافَةٌ signify the same. (S, L, TA.)

مَضِيفَةٌ ذ and مُضِيفَةٌ: see both in the next preceding paragraph; the former in two places.

مَضْيَفَةٌ ذ , of the measure مَفْعَلَةٌ, A place of ضِيَافَة [i. e. entertainment of a guest or guests: pl. مَضَايِفُ]. (TA.)

مُضَيَّفٌ ذ : see ضَيفٌ.

مُضَيِّفٌ ذ The master of an abode in which guests are entertained; as also ↓ مَضَايِفِىٌّ. (TA.)

مِضْيَافٌ ذ [One who often entertains guests ]. (Har p. 579.)

مَضَايِفُ ذ [pl. of مَضْيَفَةٌ: ― -b2- and also of a sing. not mentioned]: see ضِيفٌ.

مَضَايِفِىٌّ ذ [from مَضَايِفُ pl. of مَضْيَفَةٌ]: see مُضَيِّفٌ.

اـِسْمَاآءٌ مُتَضَايِفَةٌ ذ Correlative nouns; i. e. nouns significant of the existence of persons, or things, whereof the existence of one necessarily indicates the existence of another; as أَبٌ and اِبْنٌ [father and son]. (Er-Rághib, TA.)

مُسْتَضَافٌ ذ : see مُضَافٌ.