Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

شَخِيصٌ ذ Big, bulky, or corpulent: (S, K, TA:) or great in شَخْص [or person ] and make: (TA:) applied to a man: (S:) fem. with ة; (S, A, K;) applied to a woman. (S, A.) ― -b2- A lord, master, chief, man of rank or quality, or a personage. (AZ, K.) ― -b3- مَنْطِقٌ شَخِيصٌ (tropical:) Sour, crabbed, or austere, speech. (Ibn-'Abbád, A, K. [See also شَخِيسٌ.])

شَخَاصَةٌ ذ Bigness, bulkiness, or corpulence: or greatness of شَخْص [or person ] and make. (TA.) [Said to be a subst.: but see شَخُصَ.]

شَاخِصٌ ذ [part. n. of the intrans. verb شَخَصَ]. [Hence,] بَصَرٌ شَاخِصٌ (tropical:) [ An eye fixedly open: or raised: or sight stretched and raised: see 1]: you say, سَمِعْتُ بِقُدُومِكَ فَقَلْبِى بَيْنَ جَنَاحَىَّ رَاقِصٌ وَبَصَرِى تَحْتَ حِجَاجِى شَاخِصٌ (tropical:) [ I have heard of thy coming, and my heart is throbbing between my two sides, and my eye beneath my bone of the eyebrow fixedly open, &c.]. (A, TA.) With the pl., أَبْصَارٌ, you say شَاخِصَةٌ, (A, Msb, TA,) and شَوَاخِصُ, (A, TA,) or شُخُوصٌ [like شُهُودٌ as pl. of شَاهِدٌ; if not an inf. n., as which it may be applied, in the place of an epithet, to a pl. subst.]. (Msb.) ― -b2- سَهْمٌ شَاخِصٌ (tropical:) An arrow passing beyond the butt, or object of aim, going above it. (S, A.) You say, رُمِىَ بِالشَّاخِصَاتِ (tropical:) [ He was shot at with arrows which passed beyond him, going above him: perhaps doubly tropical, meaning he was assailed with invectives which did not harm him ]. (A.) ― -b3- شَاخِصٌ also signifies A man prosecuting war [ during three or more days together, ] not on alternate days: and of such it is said in a trad., that he may shorten prayer. (TA.) -A2- شَاخِصٌ as the act. part. n. of the trans. verb, [for شَاخِصٌ بَصَرَهُ,] (Msb,) (assumed tropical:) [A man raising his eye, or sight, and looking fixedly; as does a dying man: or stretching and raising his sight: (see 1:) or] a man opening his eyes and not moving his eyelids. (S, * Msb.)

[ مَشْخَصٌ ذ , as though signifying The place of a شَخْص used in the sense of صُورَةِ: accord. to modern usage sing. of] مَشَاخِصُ deenárs [or pieces of gold ] figured [or stamped with effigies ]. (TA.)

مُشَخَّصٌ ذ (tropical:) A thing individuated. (A, TA.)

مُتَشَاخِصٌ ذ Discordant; (A'Obeyd, K;) applied to language, or speech; (A'Obeyd, TA;) and to a thing, or an affair; (TA;) and مُتَشَاخِسٌ signifies the same. (A'Obeyd, TA.)

1 شَدَّ ذ , as an intrans. verb, aor. شَدِ3َ , inf. n. شِدَّةٌ: see 8; and see also شِدَّةٌ. ― -b2- [Hence,] لَشَدَّ مَا is an expression used in the same sense as لَعَزَّ مَا (A and K in art. عز) and لَحَقَّ مَا: (A and TA in that art.:) [and in like manner without the ل: thus] one says, شَدَّ مَا أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ, meaning حَقَّ أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ [i. e. It is distressing, or it distresses me, that thou art going away ]: and if you please, you may consider شَدَّ as similar to نِعْمَ; as when you say, نِعْمَ العَمَلُ أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ الحَقَّ [Excellent, or most excellent, is the deed, thy saying the truth]. (Sb, TA.) [And it is also used to render intensive a verb following it; as in the saying, لَشَدَّ مَا أَبْغَضَنِى Much indeed, or greatly indeed, did he hate me. ] ― -b3- شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ, aor. شَدَ3َ (S, L) and شَدِ3َ , (L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ (S, L) and شُدُودٌ, (L,) He charged, or made an assault or attack, upon him, in war, or battle. (S, L.) You say, شَدَّ عَلَى العَدُوِّ شَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً, and شَدَّاتٍ كَثِيرَةً, He made one charge, or assault, or attack, upon the enemy, and many charges, &c. (L.) And شَدَّ عَلَى قِرْنِهِ بِسِكِّينٍ, or بِعَصًا, He made an assault, or attack, upon his adversary, with a knife, or with a staff; as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ اشتدّ. (Mgh.) And شَدَّ الذِّئْبُ عَلَى الغَنَمِ The wolf asaulted, or attacked, the sheep or goats. (L.) In the phrase, شَدُّوا الاـِغَارَةَ, the meaning is شَدُّوا لِلْاـِغَارَةِ [ They made a charge for the purpose of a sudden attack upon an enemy, or a predatory incursion ]; and therefore الاغارة is put in the accus. case, not as an objective complement. (Ham p. 8.) ― -b4- شَدَّ, (S,) aor. شَدُ3َ and شَدِ3َ , (TK,) inf. n. شَدٌّ, (S, L, K,) also signifies He ran; (S, L, * K; *) and so ↓ اشتدّ. (S, L, K.) رُبَّ شَدٍّ فِى الكُرْزِ [ Many a run is in the sack ] is a prov., originating from the fact that a man riding a pregnant mare was pursued by an enemy, and she cast her foal, which ran with its mother, whereupon the horseman alighted, and carried it off in a sack; and the enemy overtook him, and said to him, “Throw to me the foal;” and he replied in these words, meaning that the foal was of generous race: it is applied to him whose internal, or intrinsic, qualities are commended. (Meyd.) And one says, شَدَّ فِى العَدْوِ, (A, Mgh, L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ; (L;) and ↓ اشتدّ; (A, Mgh, L;) He hastened, or was quick, in running: (Mgh, L:) and شَدَّ الاـِحْضَارَ [meaning the same]. (S in art. افر.) ― -b5- شَدَّ النَّهَارُ, (S, L,) and الضُّحَى, (L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ; (L, K; but in the latter, النَّار is erroneously put for النَّهَار; TA;) and ↓ اشتدّ; (L;) The day, and the morning, became advanced, the sun being high. (S, * L, K. *) [See also شَدٌّ below.] -A2- شَدَّهُ, aor. شَدُ3َ (S, A, L, Msb) and شَدِ3َ , the latter anomalous, for the aor. of a trans. verb of this class, of the measure فَعَلَ, should be شَدُ3َ only, and that of an intrans. verb of the same class and measure should be شَدِ3َ , and this is the only instance, or almost the only one, of its kind, with both of these forms of aor., except عَلَّ [and بَتَّ] and نَمَّ الحَدِيثَ, but there is one trans. verb of the same class having the latter form of aor. only, namely, حَبَّ, (Fr, S, L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ, (L, Msb, K,) He made it, or rendered it, hard; used in relation to substances and attributes: (L:) he made, or rendered, it, or him, firm, compact, or sound; and strong, powerful, or forcible; vigorous, robust, or sturdy; syn. أَحْكَمَهُ, (L,) and قَوَّاهُ; (S, A, L, K; *) as also ↓ شدّدهُ, [inf. n. تَشْدِيدٌ,] i. e. as syn. with احكمهُ (L) and قوّاهُ: (S, A, L:) he bound, or tied, him, or it, firmly, fast, or strongly; syn. أَوْثَقَهُ: [which may also be meant to convey the signification immediately preceding this last:] (S, L, Msb, K:) and [simply] he tied, bound, or made fast, him, or it; syn. رَبَطَهُ. (S and Msb and K &c. in art. ربط.) One says, شَدَّ عَضُدَهُ i. e. He strengthened [ his fore arm, or perhaps his upper arm, but the former is app. here meant]. (S, L.) And شَدَّ عَلَى يَدِهِ He strengthened him, [lit. his arm, or hand, ] and aided him. (L.) And شَدَّ ا@للّٰهُ مُلْكَهُ, and ↓ شَدَّدَهُ, God strengthened, or may God strengthen, his dominion. (S, L. [See also a similar ex. voce أَزْرٌ.]) And شَدَّ العُقْدَةَ [ He tied firmly or fast or strongly, or he pulled tight, or tightened, the knot ], (A, Mgh, Msb,) and الوَثَاقَ [ the bond ]. (Kur xlvii. 4.) [And شَدَّ الدَّابَّةَ He bound the saddle on the beast: see an ex. voce دَلِيلٌ.] شَدُّ الرِّحَالِ [lit. The binding of the camels' saddles upon their backs] is a metonymical phrase for (tropical:) the going a journey. (Mgh, Msb.) And شَدُّ المِئْزَرِ, occurring in a trad., [lit. The binding of the waist-wrapper upon the waist] is a metonymical phrase for (tropical:) the avoiding of women: or the exerting oneself, or employing oneself vigorously or laboriously, in work: or for both of these together. (L.) مَا أَمْلِكُ شَدًّا وَلَا اـِرْخَاآءً [lit. I possess not power to tighten nor to slacken ] means I am not able to do anything. (TA.) [And شَدَّهُ also signifies He pressed, compressed, or squeezed, it: and he pulled, or strained, it. ] وَا@شْدُدْ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ, in the Kur [x. 88], means And put Thou a seal upon their hearts, so that they may not heed admonition, nor be disposed, or directed, to that which is good. (L.) -A3- أَشَدُّ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا, as also أَشَدُ without teshdeed, means أَشْهَدُ [q. v.]: (K:) a strange saying. (TA.)

2 شَدَّ3َ see the preceding paragraph, latter half, in two places. ― -b2- شدّدهُ, inf. n. تَشْدِيدٌ, also signifies He made it, or rendered it, namely, a beating, and anything, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, severe, strict, rigorous, or excessive; he intensified it, or aggravated it: (L:) تَشْدِيدٌ is the contr. of تَخْفِيفٌ [in this sense and in other senses here following]. (S.) [Hence, the objective complement being understood,] one says, شدّد عَلَيْهِ, (A, Msb,) which is the contr. of خَفَّفَ [i. e. of خَفَّفَ عَنْهُ; thus meaning He rendered his burden, suffering, distress, uneasiness, or the like, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, severe, strict, rigorous, or excessive; intensified it, or aggravated it; or he pressed hard upon him; treated him with hardness, strictness, severity, or rigour ]: (Msb:) and مَنْ شَدَّدَ شَدَّدَ ا@للّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ [ Whoso treateth others hardly, God will treat him hardly ]. (A. [See also 8.]) ― -b3- [تَشْدِيدٌ, as opposed to تَخْفِيفٌ, also signifies The characterizing of a letter by a lengthened pronunciation equivalent in grammatical analysis and in prosody to doubling, denoted in writing by the sign called ↓ شَدَّة, i. e. by the sign ّ over that letter; as also تَثْقِيلٌ.] ― -b4- See also سَدَّدَهُ.

3 شادّهُ ذ , (A, L,) inf. n. مُشَادَّةٌ and شِدَادٌ, (L,) He vied with him, contended with him for superiority, or strove to surpass him, in strength, power, or force. (A, L.) [Hence,] مَنْ يُشَادِدِ الدِّينَ يَغْلِبْهُ, (A,) or مَنْ يُشَادَّ هٰذَا الدِّينَ بِغْلِبْهُ, i. e. Whoso contendeth for superiority in strength with this religion, and withstandeth it, or opposeth it, and tasketh himself with religious service beyond his power, it (the religion) will overcome him: a trad. (L.) And لَنْ يُشَادَّ الدِّينَ أَحَدٌ اـِلَّا غُلِبَ No one shall contend for superiority in strength with religion, &c. but he will be overcome by the religion. (K, * TA.) ― -b2- See also 5.

4 اشدّ ذ , (S, A, L, K,) inf. n. اـِشْدَادٌ, (K,) He, (a man, S, L, K, *) or they, (a company of men, A, L,) had, (A, L,) or had with him, (S, L, K,) [or had with them, ] a strong beast, (S, L, K,) or strong beasts. (A, L.) -A2- [مَا أَشَدَّ كَذَا How hard, hard to be borne, vehement, violent, intense, or the like, or how great, is such a thing! ]

5 تشدّد ذ He acted, or behaved, with forced hardness, firmness, strength, vigour, hardiness, courage, vehemence, severity, strictness, or rigour; he exerted his strength, force, or energy; strained, or strained himself, or tasked himself severely; syn. تَصَلَّبَ; (A and TA in art. صلب;) and جَهَدَ نَفْسَهُ; (L;) [فِى الشَّىْءِ in the thing; as also فِيهِ ↓ شَادَّ; for] المُشَادَّةُ فِى الشَّىْءِ and التَّشَدُّدُ فِيهِ signify the same: (S, L, K: * [see an ex. of تشدّد in the first paragraph of art. جلد:]) [and] both of these phrases signify the showing hardness, &c., in the thing. (PS.) You say also تشدّد لِلْأَمْرِ He applied himself with hardness, firmness, vigour, hardiness, severity, or rigour, to the affair. (MA.) And تَشَدَّدَتِ القَيْنَةُ The slavesongstress strained herself, or tasked herself severely, in raising her voice in singing. (L.) ― -b2- Also He (a man) was, or became, hard, or difficult: you say, سَأَلْنَا فُلَانًا حَاجَةً فَتَشَدَّدَ عَلَيْنَا [ We asked of such a one a thing wanted, and he was hard, or difficult, to us ]. (TA in art. وعر.) ― -b3- And He was, or became, niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious. (MA, KL.)

6 تشادّوا ذ [ They vied, contended for superiority, or strove to surpass one another, in strength, power, or force: see 3]. (TA in art. حمس: there coupled with اِقْتَتَلُوا.) ― -b2- See also the next paragraph.

8 اشتدّ ذ ; (S, A, L, Msb;) and ↓ شَدَّ, aor شَدِ3َ , (L, Msb,) the only form of its aor., (L,) inf. n. شِدَّةٌ, (S, Msb,) whence the former verb; (S;) and ↓ تشادّ; (L;) It was, or became, hard, (L, and MA and KL and PS in explanation of the first,) said of a substance and of an attribute: (L:) it, or he, was, or became, firm, compact, or sound; (L &c. as above;) strong, powerful, or forcible; vigorous, robust, or sturdy; (L, and A and MA and KL in explanation of the first, and Msb in explanation of the second:) [also it was, or became, bound, or tied, firmly, fast, or strongly: ] and the first of these verbs, [and the second also,] it was, or became, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, pressing, severe, strict, rigorous, tight, strait or difficult, distressing or distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse. (MA, L, KL.) It is said in a trad., لَا تَبِيعُوا الحَبَّ حَتَّى يَشْتَدَّ i. e. [ Ye shall not sell grain ] until it becomes hard, or firm, or strong. (L.) And you say, اشتدّت العُقْدَةُ [ The knot became tied firmly, fast, or strongly; or became tight ]. (A, Mgh, Msb.) And اشتدّ الزَّمَنُ عَلَيْهِمْ The time, or fortune, became hard upon them; or severe, rigorous, distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse, to them. (L. [See also 2.]) And اشتدّ بِهِ الأَمْرُ [ The affair, or event, distressed, or afflicted, him; like اشتدّ عَلَيْهِ]. (L in art. جد, &c.) ― -b2- See also 1, former half, in four places.

شَدٌّ ذ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, L, &c.) ― -b2- [Hence,] شَدُّ النَّهَارِ, and شَدُّ الضُّحَى, The time when the day, and the morning, is advanced, the sun being high. (L.) One says, جِئْتُكَ شَدَّ النَّهَارِ, and شَدَّ الضُّحَى, (L, and the like is said in the A,) and فِى شَدِّ النَّهَارِ, and فِى شَدِّ الضُّحَى, (L,) I came to thee in the time when the day, and the morning, was advanced, the sun being high. (A, * L.)

شَدَّةٌ ذ [inf. n. of un. of شَدَّهُ: as such signifying] A single act [ of making, or rendering, hard, firm, compact, or sound; strong, powerful, or forcible: and] of binding, or tying, firmly, fast, or strongly. (Msb.) ― -b2- See also 2, last sentence but one. -A2- Also [inf. n. of un. of the intrans. verb شَدَّ: as such signifying] A single charge or assault or attack in war or battle. (S, A, * Mgh, L, K. *)

شِدَّةٌ ذ inf. n. of ↓ شَدَّ (L, Msb) as syn. with اِشْتَدَّ: (L:) [and] a subst. from [i. e. syn. with] اِشْتِدَادٌ: (K:) The attribute denoted by the epithet شَدِيدٌ: (S:) hardness, (A, MA, L,) in substances and in attributes; (L;) firmness, compactness, or soundness; strength, power, or force; vigour, robustness, sturdiness, or hardiness; (MA, L; see أَشُدٌّ, which, accord. to some, is a pl. of شِدَّةٌ;) courage, bravery, firmness of heart: (L:) niggardliness, tenaciousness, or avarice: (A: [see also 5, last sentence:]) vehemence, violence, intenseness, stress, pressure, severity, strictness, rigour, tightness, straitness or difficulty: (MA:) hardship, rigour of fortune: (MA, L:) famine, dearth, want of victuals; hardness, straitness, or difficulty, of subsistence [&c.]: (L:) trouble, distress, affliction, calamity, or adversity; (MA, L;) as also [↓ شُدَّى, in these as well as in some of the preceding senses, and] ↓ شَدِيدَةٌ, [rather meaning a hard, or distressing, event, an affliction, or a calamity, and rarely used,] of which, (L,) or of شِدَّةٌ, (MA, L,) the pl. is شَدَائِدُ, (MA, L,) agreeably with analogy if of شَدِيدَةٌ, but extr. if of شِدَّةٌ: and this pl. also signifies seditions, discords, or dissensions, whereby men are put into a state of commotion: (L:) and the rigours, or pangs, (غَمَرَات,) of death: (S and Msb in art. غمر:) accord. to Sb, the pl of شِدَّةٌ is شِدَدٌ, which, he says, preserves its original form [without idghám] because it does not resemble a verb. (L.) One says, قَاسَيْتُ مِنْهُ شِدَّةً [ I endured, from him, hardness, &c.; or from it, hardship, &c.]. (A.) And فُلَانٍ ↓ خفْتُ شُدَّى meaning شِدَّتَهُ [i. e. I feared the hardness, &c., of such a one ]: so says AZ: and he cites this verse: ↓ فَاـِنِّى لَا أَلِينُ لِقَوْلِ شُدَّى مِنَ الحَدِيدِ ↓ وَلَوْ كَانَتْ أَشَدَّ [ And, or for, I will not become gentle for a hard saying, (lit. a saying of hardness, ) though it should be harder than iron ]. (L.) And أَصَابَتْنِى ↓ شُدَّى meaning شِدَّةٌ [i. e. Hardship, &c., befell me ]. (AZ, S.) [And شِدَّةٌ also signifies A strong, an intense, or a great, degree of any quality &c.]

شُدَّى ذ : see the next preceding paragraph, in four places.

شَدِيدٌ ذ Possessing the quality of شِدَّة: (S, L:) i. e. hard; applied to a substance and to an attribute: firm, compact, or sound: (L:) strong, powerful, forceful; vigorous, robust, sturdy, or hardy; (A, Mgh, L, Msb;) applied to a thing, (Msb,) and to a man; (A, Mgh, L;) as also شَدِيدُ القُوَى: (Mgh:) pl., applied to men, أَشِدَّاآءُ and [applied to things and men] شِدَادٌ (A, L) and شُدُدٌ, (Sb, L,) which last preserves its original form [without idghám] because not resembling a verb: (L:) also courageous, brave, firm of heart: (L, K: *) and niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious; (A, L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مُتَشَدِّدٌ: (S, A, L, K:) and [as is implied by the first explanation above, and shown by frequent usage,] vehement, violent, intense, pressing, severe, strict, rigorous, tight, strait or difficult, hard as meaning hard to be borne, troublesome, distressing or distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse. (L, KL, PS, &c.) You say, هُوَ شَدِيدٌ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ [ He is hard, or severe, or rigorous, to his people ]. (A.) [And شَدِيدٌ عَلَى كَذَا Niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, of such a thing. ] Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, using شَدِيد in the sense of شَحِيح, حَدَرْنَاهُ بِالأَثْوَابِ فِى قَعْرِ هُوَّةٍ شَدِيدٍ عَلَى مَا ضُمَّ فِى اللَّحْدِ جُولُهَا [ We lowered him, with the grave- clothes, into the bottom of a cavity in the ground, the sides whereof were tenacious of what was comprised in the lateral hollow which was the place of the corpse ]. (L.) And the words of the Kur [c. 8], وَاـِنَّهُ لِحُبِّ الخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ, accord. to Zj, mean And verily, on account of the love of wealth, he is niggardly, or tenacious, or avaricious. (L.) شَدِيدُ العَيْنِ applied to a man, and شَدِيْدَةُ جَفْنِ العَيْنِ metaphorically applied by a poet to a she-camel, mean Whom sleep does not overcome. (L.) And الشَّدِيدُ means The lion; (K;) because of his strength and hardiness. (TA.) [شَدِيد with a subst. or an inf. n. following it in the gen. case, the latter having the article ال prefixed to it, or being prefixed to another noun in the gen. case, supplies the place of an intensive epithet; as in شَدِيدُ السَّوَادِ Intensely, or very, black; and شَدِيدُ الغَضَبِ Vehemently, or exceedingly, or very, angry; and] مِسْكٌ شَدِيدُ الرَّائِحَةِ Strong-smelling musk; (L;) [and رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ العَيْنِ A man intensely white in the eye. ] ― -b2- الحُرُوفُ الشَّدِيدَةُ [ The strong letters ] are those letters which, in a state of quiescence, prevent the current of the voice in their utterance; namely أ, ب, ت, ج, د, ط, ق, and ك; (TA;) the letters comprised in the words أَجَدْتَ طَبَقَكَ. (K.)

شَدِيدَةٌ ذ [as a subst. from شَدِيدٌ, rendered such by the affix ة]: see شِدَّةٌ.

أَشَدُّ ذ [ Possessing the quality of شِدَّة, in a greater, and in the greatest, degree; i. e. more, and most, hard, &c.]. See an ex. in a verse cited voce شِدَّةٌ. حَلَبْتَ بِالسَّاعِدِ الأَشَدِّ, or حَلَبْتُهَا الخ, is a prov., expl. in art. حلب. And بَقِىَ أَشَدُّهُ. [ The hardest part of it has remained ] is another prov., applied to him who attains a part of that which he wants, and is unable to attain the completion thereof. (TA. [See also Freytag's “ Arab. Prov., ” i. 169.]) [With an indeterminate subst. or inf. n. following it in the accus. case, it supplies the place of a simple epithet denoting the comparative and superlative degrees; as in أَشَدُّ سَوَادًا More, and most, black; and أَشَدُّ غَضَبًا More, and most, angry. ] ― -b2- أَشَدُّ النَّهَارِ The time when the day is most advanced, the sun being at the highest. (L. [See شَدُّ النَّهَارِ.])

أَشُدٌّ ذ , (S, A, Mgh, L, K, &c.,) also pronounced أُشُدٌّ, (Seer, K,) but the latter form is rare, (TA,) is both masc. and fem., (Zj, TA,) and as used in the Kur it has somewhat different meanings: (Az, TA:) in the phrase حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ, (S, K,) and other phrases in the Kur, (TA,) أَشُدّ is expl. as meaning The state of strength; (S, Mgh, L, K;) which is from eighteen to thirty years: (S, L, K:) or from about seventeen to forty: (Zj:) or from thirty to forty: (Zj in another place:) or puberty: (Az, Mgh, L:) or firmness, or soundness, of judgment, produced by experience: (L:) or puberty together with such maturity as gives evidence of rectitude of conduct or course of life; (Zj, Az, Mgh, L;) which may be at, or before, the age of eighteen years; accord. to most of the men of science, and among them Esh-Sháfi'ee; (Zj, Az, L;) and the extreme term of which is three and thirty years: (Mgh:) or the age of forty years; as in the Kur xlvi. 14: (L:) أَشُدٌّ [originally أَشْدُدٌ] is a sing. having a pl. form, like اآنُكٌ; and these two words are [said to be] the only instances of the kind: (S, K: [but see اآنُكٌ:]) or a pl. having no proper sing., (S, Mgh, K,) like اآسَالٌ and أَبَابِيلُ and عَبَادِيدُ and مَذَاكِيرُ: (S:) or its sing. is ↓ شِدَّةٌ, (AHeyth, S, Mgh, K,) accord. to Sb; and this is good with respect to the meaning, because one says, بَلَغَ الغُلَامُ شِدَّتَهُ; (S;) but فِعْلَةٌ does not form a pl. of the measure أَفْعُلٌ; (S, K;) for as to أَنْعُمٌ, (S,) which is said by AHeyth to be pl. of نِعْمَةٌ, (TA,) [and respecting which Mtr says that] أَشُدٌّ is said to be pl. of شِدَّةٌ like as أَنْعُمٌ is of نِعْمَةٌ, formed by regarding the ة as elided, (Mgh, [and AHeyth says the like,]) it is only pl. of نُعْمٌ in the phrase يَوْمُ نُعْمٍ: (S:) or its sing. is شَدٌّ, like as كَلْبٌ is of أَكْلُبٌ; or شِدٌّ, like as ذِئْبٌ is of أَذْؤُبٌ; (S, K;) accord. to some; (S;) but neither شَدٌّ nor شِدٌّ has been heard from the Arabs [as sing. of أَشُدٌّ]; and they are only deduced from analogy: (S, K:) or it is pl. of أَشَدُّ; and the أ is not regarded in the formation of this pl. (IJ, from A 'Obeyd.)

مَشَدُّ العِصَابَةِ ذ [ The place, or part, where the fillet, or the like, is bound, or tied ]. (A.)

مُشِدٌّ ذ A man having, (A, Mgh, L,) or having with him, (L,) a strong beast, (A, Mgh, L,) or strong beasts; (L;) contr. of مُضْعِفٌ. (Mgh, L.) It is said in a trad., يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُمْ عَلَى مُضْعِفِهِمْ [ He among them who has a strong beast, or strong beasts, shall give back a portion of the spoil to him of them who has a weak beast, or weak beasts ]; meaning that the strong warrior and plunderer shall share with (يُسَاهِمُ) the weak in the plunder that he gains. (L.)

مُتَشَدِّدٌ ذ : see شَدِيدٌ.

1 شَدَخَ ذ , (S, A, Msb, &c.,) aor. شَدَخَ , (Msb, K, *) inf. n. شَدْخٌ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) He broke, or crushed, syn. كَسَرَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and فَضَخَ, (TA, and Ham p. 363,) or هَشَّمَ, (TA,) a hollow thing, (S, A, L, TA,) or a soft, or tender, or an easily-broken, thing, (A,) or a moist thing, (K,) or a moist and soft thing, such as the عَرْفَج and the like, (L, TA,) a person's head, (S, A, L, Msb, TA,) and a colocynth, and an unripe date, (A,) and any hollow bone, and a rod, (Msb,) or, as some say, a dry thing, (K,) with the hand, or with a stone &c.: (Ham ubi suprà:) or he pressed, or squeezed, syn. غَمَزَ, [app. so as to crush, ] a hollow thing, or a soft, or tender, or an easilybroken, thing, as a head, and a colocynth, and an unripe date. (A.) ― -b2- [Hence,] شَدَخَ دِمَاآءَهُمْ تَحْتَ قَدَمِهِ (tropical:) He made their blood (lit. bloods ) to go for nothing, or to be of no account. (A, K. *) And [simply] شَدَخَ الدِّمَاآءَ (assumed tropical:) He made the blood [of men] (lit. bloods ) to go for nothing, unretaliated, or uncompensated by mulcts; or to be of no account. (Ham p. 91.) And شَدَخْتُ الدِّيَاتَ تَحْتَ قَدَمَىَّ (assumed tropical:) I made the bloodwits to be of no account [ so that they should not be exacted ]. (Ham ibid.) ― -b3- And شَدَخَهُ He hit, or hurt, his مُشَدَّخ, i. e. the part of the neck so called. (K.) -A2- And شَدَخَ aor. شَدَخَ , (TA,) inf. n. شَدْخٌ (K, TA) and شُدُوخٌ, (TA,) He, (a man, TK,) or it, (a thing, or an affair, TA,) deviated, or declined, (K, TA,) from the right course, aim, or scope, (TA,) or from the [ proper ] way. (AO, TA.) ― -b2- شَدَخَتِ الغُرَّةُ, (S, TA,) aor. شَدَخَ , (TA,) inf. n. شَدْخٌ (K, TA) and شُدُوخٌ, (TA,) The blaze on the horse's forehead spread widely upon the face (S) [ from the forelock to the nose, without reaching to the eyes: see شَادِخَةٌ]: or spread, and extended downwards, (K, TA,) filling the forehead, without reaching to the eyes: or covered the face from the root of the forelock to the nose. (TA.)

2 شَدَّخْتُ الرُّؤُوسَ ذ I broke, or crushed, the heads; or did so much: the verb is with teshdeed to denote muchness, or frequency, or application to many objects. (S, TA.) ― -b2- [And شدّخ البُسْرَ He pressed, or squeezed, the unripe dates, so as to crush them: see مُشَدَّخٌ.]

5 تَشَدَّخَ see what next follows.

7 انشدخ ذ It was, or became, broken, or crushed; (S, A, Msb, K, TA;) said of a hollow thing, (S, A, TA,) or a soft, or tender, or an easily-broken thing, (A,) or a moist thing, (K,) or a moist and soft thing, (TA,) a person's head, (S, A, Msb, TA,) a colocynth, and an unripe date, (A,) and any hollow bone, and a rod, (Msb,) or, as some say, a dry thing; (K;) and so ↓ تشدّخ [but app. implying muchness, or frequency, or relation to many things, as quasi-pass. of 2, q. v., whereas the former verb is quasi-pass. of 1]: (K:) or it was, or became, pressed or squeezed [app. so as to be crushed; or it was, or became, crushed by being pressed or squeezed: see مُشَدَّخٌ]. (A.)

شَدَخٌ ذ An abortive fœtus, (L, K, TA,) in a soft, or tender, state, before it has become firm. (L, TA.) ― -b2- See also شَادِخٌ, in two places.

شَدْخَةٌ ذ A soft, or tender, or succulent, plant: (K:) applied in the M as an epithet to the species of plant called عِجْلَة. (TA.)

شَادِخٌ ذ A child that is soft, or tender; (K;) as also ↓ شَدَخٌ: (IAar, L:) or غُلَامٌ شَادِخٌ signifies a youth: (A:) accord. to IAar, a boy is called جَفْرٌ; then, يَافِعٌ; then, ↓ شَدَخٌ; then, مُطَبِّخٌ; and then, كَوْكَبٌ. (TA. [See also مُطَبِّخٌ.]) -A2- Also A thing, or an affair, deviating from the right course, aim, or scope, (K, TA,) or from its [ proper ] way. (AO, TA.) ― -b2- See also the next paragraph.

شَادِخَةٌ ذ , [as a subst.,] (S, L, K, TA,) or غُرَّةٌ ↓ شَادِخَةٌ, (A,) A blaze on a horse's forehead spreading [ widely (see 1)] upon the face, (S,) or covering the face, (A,) from the forelock to the nose, (S, A,) without reaching to the eyes: (S:) or spreading, and extending downwards, (K, TA,) filling the forehead, without reaching to the eyes: or covering the face from the root of the forelock to the nose: (TA:) or such as is long; such as is round being called وَتِيرَةٌ. (AO, TA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A notorious, and a bad, or an evil, an abominable, or a foul, deed. (S, TA.) A rájiz says, لَا هُمَّ اـِنَّ الحَارِثَ بْنَ جَبَلَهْ زَنَّى عَلَى أَبِيهِ ثُمَّ قَتَلَهْ وَرَكِبَ الشَّادِخَةَ المُحَجَّلَهْ i. e. [ O God, (لَاهُمَّ being for اَللّٰهُمَّ,) verily El- Hárith Ibn-Jebeleh straitened, or oppressed, his father, (زَنَّى being for زَنَّأَ,) then slew him, ] and committed a bad and notorious deed in slaying him. (S.)

أَشْدَخُ ذ A horse having a blaze such as is termed شَادِخَةٌ: fem. شَدْخَاآءُ. (K, L, TA.) ― -b2- الأَشْدَخُ The lion. (K.)

مُشَدَّخٌ ذ Unripe dates pressed, or squeezed, (يُغْمَزُ, in some copies of the S and K and in the L and TA يُغْمَرُ, [but the former I think to be evidently the right reading,]) until they become broken or crushed (يَنْشَدِخُ), (S, A, * L, K,) and dried for the winter, (A,) or then dried in the winter. (L.) -A2- المُشَدَّخُ i. q. مُقَطَّعُ العُنُقِ [app. meaning The part of the neck where it is cut up by the butcher]. (K.)

مِشْدَاخٌ ذ [A post-classical term] A surgical instrument with which the head of the fœtus is crushed [ in the womb ]. (Albucasis de Chirurgia, p. 342.)

1 شَدِقَ ذ , inf. n. شَدَقٌ, said of a man, He was wide in the شِدْق [q. v.]. (M, TA. *) ― -b2- And He was eloquent. (TA.)

5 تشدّق ذ He twisted his شِدْقَانِ, [i. e. the two sides of his mouth, or the quivering flesh of his mouth, inside his cheeks, ] in order to affect clearness, or distinctness, of speech, or to be more clear, or distinct, in speech. (K.) And تشدّق فِى كَلَامِهِ He opened his mouth and was diffuse in his speech. (M, TA.)

شَدْقٌ ذ : see what next follows.

شِدْقٌ ذ (Lth, S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ↓ شَدْقٌ (Lth, M, O, Msb, K) The quivering flesh (طَفْطَفَة) of the mouth, inside the two cheeks; (Lth, O, K;) or so the dual of each: (M:) or the side of the mouth; (S, Mgh, Msb;) so says Az: (Msb:) pl. (of the former, S, Msb) أَشْدَاقٌ (Lth, S, M, O, Msb, K) and (of the latter, Msb, TA) شُدُوقٌ. (M, Msb, TA.) One says, نَفَخَ فِى شِدْقَيْهِ [ He blew in the sides of his mouth so as to distend them]. (S.) And اـِنَّهُ لَوَاسِعُ الأَشْدَاقِ, meaning [ Verily he is wide ] in the شِدْق; using the pl. as a sing.; a phrase mentioned by Lh. (M, TA.) شِدْقَا الفَرَسِ means The chink of the mouth of the horse, to the extremity thereof at [ the place of ] the bit [ on each side ]. (M.) تَرْكَبُ شِدْقَهَا مِنَ النَّشَاطِ [app. meaning (assumed tropical:) She goes at random, (like تَرْكَبُ رَأْسَهَا,) by reason of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, ] is said of a woman and of a she-camel and of a mare. (K voce مِضْرَارٌ.) ― -b2- And (tropical:) The two sides of a valley; as also ↓ شَدِيقٌ: (K:) or the duals, شِدْقَانِ and شَدْقَانِ, have this signification; the sings. signify the side of a valley; (O;) or so شِدْقٌ, with kesr; (Msb;) and so ↓ شَدِيقٌ. (O.)

شَدَقٌ ذ [mentioned above as inf. n. of 1] Wideness of the شِدْق: (S, K:) or, as in the T, wideness of the شِدْقَانِ. (TA.) ― -b2- And Eloquence. (S, * TA.) ― -b3- and (assumed tropical:) A bending, or winding, in a valley. (TA.)

شِدَاقٌ ذ A certain brand with which a camel is marked upon the شِدْق. (M, TA.)

شَدِيقٌ ذ : see شِدْقٌ, in two places.

شَدْقَمٌ ذ and شَدْقَمِىٌّ: see the next paragraph; the former in three places: and see also art. شدقم.

أَشْدَقُ ذ A man wide in the شِدْق: (M:) or a man wide in the شِدْقَانِ: (Mgh, Msb:) or wide in the شِدْق, and inclining therein in any manner: (TA:) fem. شَدْقَاآءُ: (M, K:) and pl. شُدْقٌ: (K:) and ↓ شَدْقَمٌ and ↓ شَدْقَمِىٌّ signify the same as أَشْدَقُ; the م being augmentative, as in فُسْحُمٌ and سُتْهُمٌ; or, accord. to IJ, it is radical: (M, TA:) whence, i. e. from شَدْقَمٌ in the sense expl. above, (I 'Ab, TA,) one says also ↓ شِدْقٌ شَدْقَمٌ, meaning a wide شدق: (I 'Ab, M, TA:) and شَفَةٌ شَدْقَاآءُ means a lip wide in the part where each شِدْق is cleft [ by the extremity of the mouth ]. (M, TA.) ― -b2- It is also applied as an epithet to an orator, (S, M, K, TA,) meaning Eloquent; (M, K, TA;) good and eloquent in speech; (M, * TA;) and so ↓ شَدْقَمٌ. (TA.)

مُتَشَدِّقٌ ذ One who twists his شِدْقَانِ in order to affect clearness, or distinctness, of speech, or to be more clear, or distinct, in speech. (S. [See 5.]) ― -b2- Diffuse in speech, without preparation, or caution, or precaution: or one who ridicules men, twisting his شِدْقَانِ with them and against them. (TA.) And مُتَشَدِّقٌ فِى مَنْطِقِهِ Diffuse in his speech. (TA.)

شَدْقَمٌ ذ Wide in the شِدْق [or side of the mouth ]; (S, K;) applied to a man; as also ↓ شَدْقَمِىٌّ; (TA;) and ↓ شُدَاقِمٌ: (K, TA:) [mentioned under this head in the S and K, but] the م is augmentative. (Az, S.) It has been erroneously said that it is with the pointed ذ. (MF.) ― -b2- See also أَشْدَقُ. ― -b3- Also The lion; (K;) and so ↓ شُدَاقِمٌ. (IB, TA.) ― -b4- And A certain stallion-camel belonging to En-Noamán Ibn-El-Mundhir: whence ↓ شَدْقِمِيَّاتٌ Certain camels, so called in relation to that stallion. (S, K.)

شَدْقَمِىٌّ ذ : and شَدْقَمِيَّاتٌ: see the preceding paragraph.

شُدَاقِمٌ ذ : see the first paragraph, in two places.

1 شَدَنَ ذ , (S, K,) aor. شَدُنَ , (S,) inf. n. شُدُونٌ, (S, K,) said of a gazelle, and of the young of any cloven-hoofed animal, and camel, and solid-hoofed animal, He became strong, and in no need of his mother: (K:) or he became strong, and in a good state of body, and active and grown up, and vied with his mother in his faculties [so I render مَالَكَ أُمَّهُ of which I do not find any explanation] so that he went along with her; and [in this sense] it is said of a colt also: (TA:) or, said of a young gazelle, he became strong, and his horns came forth, and he became in no need of his mother: and sometimes it is said of a colt [in a similar sense]. (S.) Hence, it is said of a boy, meaning He became strong, and active and grown up. (Har p. 536.)

4 اشدنت ذ She (a gazelle) had a young one that had become such as is termed شَادِن. (S, K.)