Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

1 زَادَ ذ , (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. يَزِيدُ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. زِيَادَةٌ (S, A, * Msb, K *) and زَيْدٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) with which are syn. زِيدٌ (S, K) and زَيَدٌ (K) and مَزِيدٌ (S, K) and زَيْدَانٌ, which last is anomalous, like شَنْاآنٌ (K) and لَيَّانٌ, said to be the only instances of the kind, (TA,) all as inf. ns., (TK,) and so is مَزَادٌ, (TA,) and J adds that زُوَادَةٌ is mentioned by Yaakoob, from Ks, from El-Bekree, as syn. with زِيَادَةٌ, but this is a mistake, which is unfairly imputed to J by the author of the K, (MF,) [who says,] as to الزُّوَادَةُ, it is a mistranscription by J, for the words are الزُّوَارَةُ and الزِّيَارَةُ, [in the CK الرُّوادةُ and الرِّيادةُ,] with ر, and without the mention of [the signification of] النُّمُوُّ, (K, TA,) It (a thing, S, Mgh, Msb, [as, for ex.,] water, and property, A) increased, or augmented, or grew; (S, A, TA;) [and in like manner said of a man, and of any animal;] as also ↓ اِزْدَادَ: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) or this latter has a more intensive signification than the former, like اِكْتَسَبَ in relation to كَسَبَ. (MF. [See also 5.]) In this sense it has a single objective complement; as in زَادَ كَذَا It, or he, increased, or augmented, or grew, in such a thing; as also ↓ اِزْدَادَ. (TA.) [The latter is more commonly used in this manner.] You say, ↓ اِزْدَدْتُ مَالًا (A, Mgh, Msb) [ I increased in property: also] meaning I increased to myself, or for myself, property. (Mgh, * Msb.) And الأَمْرُ ↓ ازداد صُعُوبَةً [ The affair increased in difficulty ]. (A.) ― -b2- [Also It exceeded; it was, or became, redundant, or superfluous; it remained over and above. And زَادَ عَلَيْهِ It exceeded it; as also ↓ تزايد.] You say, زَادَ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ ضِعْفَهُ [ It exceeded the thing by the like thereof, or more ]. (A.) And زَادَ عَلَى مَا أَرَادَ [ It exceeded what he desired ]. (A.) ― -b3- Also He gave an addition: so in the saying, فَقَدْ أَرْبَى ↓ مَنْ زَادَ وَا@زْدَادَ He who gives an addition, and who takes it, [each of these] practises usury. (Msb.) ― -b4- [And He added, or exaggerated. ] يَزِيدُ فِى حَدِيثِهِ [ He adds, or exaggerates, in his narration, or talk, or discourse, ] is said of a liar. (A and TA voce سَرَّاجٌ. [See also 5.]) -A2- It is also trans.: (Msb:) you say, زَادَهُ, aor. يَزِيدُهُ, inf. n. زِيَادَةٌ, He increased it, or augmented it. (L.) And in this sense it is doubly trans.: (MF:) you say, زَادَهُ ا@للّٰهُ خَيْرًا, (S, K,) or مَالًا, (A,) [ God increased to him, or added to him, good fortune or prosperity or the like, or property; increased, or added to, his good fortune, &c.; or may God increase &c.;] as also ↓ زَيَّدَهُ: (K:) and زَادَ فِيمَا عِنْدَهُ, (S,) or فِى مَالِهِ, (A,) [ He increased, or added to, what he possessed or his possessions, or his property; or may He (i. e. God) increase &c.] ― -b2- زَادَهُ also signifies He gave him an increase, or an addition, or more. (Msb.) See 10. ― -b3- You say also, مَا يَزِيدُكَ أَحَدٌ عَلَيْهِ [ No one is more sufficient for thee than he ]. (K in art. زند. [See 4 in that art.]) And لَا يَزِيدُكَ عَلَيْهِ جَمَلٌ No camel will be more sufficient for thee than he; i. q. لَا يَضُرُّكَ. (ISk, S in art. ضر [in which see other exs.].)

2 زيّد ذ , [inf. n. تَزْيِيدٌ,] said of property, It increased, or augmented, much. (A.) -A2- See also 1, latter part.

3 زايد أَحَدُ المُتَبَايِعَيْنِ الاآخَرَ ذ , inf. n. مُزَايَدَةٌ, [ One of the two persons buying together outbade the other: see also 6.] (A.)

5 تزيّد ذ It (a price, S, A) was, or became, excessive, or dear; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ تزايد. (A, TA.) ― -b2- He added, or exaggerated, (MA,) or lied, (S, MA, K,) in narration, or discourse. (S, MA. [See also 1, latter half.]) And He affected to exceed the due bounds in his narration, or discourse, and his speech; (TA;) he affected excess in speech, &c.; (K, TA;) i. e. in speech and in action; (TA;) as also ↓ تزايد: (K:) or التَّزَيُّدُ فِى الحَدِيثِ means the embellishing narration, or discourse, with lies, and adding in it what does not belong to it. (Har p. 195.) In the verse of 'Adee cited in art. زند, the last word is تَزَيَّدِ as some relate it, or تَزَنَّدِ as others relate it. (TA.) ― -b3- He went a pace exceeding that termed العَنَق. (S, K. [See also ذَمَلَ, and نَصَبَ السَّيْرَ, and وَسَجَ.]) And تزيّدت She (A camel) stretched forth her neck, and went a pace exceeding that termed العَنَق, as though she were swimming with her rider: (A, TA:) and in like manner one says of a mare, or horse. (TA.) And تزيّدت الاـِبِلُ فِى سَيْرِهَا The camels tasked themselves in their pace beyond their ability. (TA.)

6 تزايد ذ [ It increased, augmented, or grew, gradually; contr. of تَنَاقَصَ]. See also 1. And see 5, in two places. تزايدوا عَلَى السِّلْعَةِ [ They bade, one against another, for the commodity, or article of merchandise, successively raising the price ]: said of the people of a market when a commodity is sold to him who bids more than others. (L.) And تزايدوا فِى الثَّمَنِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ مُنْتَهَاهُ [ They augmented the price, one outbidding another, until it attained its utmost ]. (A, TA.)

8 اِزْدَادَ ذ [originally اِزْتَادَ]: see 1, in four places. ― -b2- Also He took an addition. (Msb.) See, again, 1. ― -b3- Also He took in addition: so in the saying, اـِذَا ا@زْدَادَ الرَّاهِنُ دَرَاهِمَ مِنَ المُرْتَهِنِ [ When the pledger takes money in addition from the receiver of the pledge ]. (Mgh.) One says also, اِزْدَدْ مِنَ الخَيْرِ [ Obtain thou, or gain thou, somewhat in addition of what is good: or it may mean seek thou, or desire thou, an increase, or addition, of what is good ]. (A.) See what next follows, in two places. 10. استزاد He sought, or desired, or demanded, an increase, an addition, or more; (A, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ اِزْدَادَ; whence the saying, to a man to whom a thing has been given, ↓ هَلْ تَزْدَادُ Dost thou seek, or desire, or demand, more than what I have given thee? (L.) ― -b4- [Hence,] هُوَ يَسْتَزِيدُ فِى حَدِيثِهِ [ He seeks, or desires, to add, or exaggerate, or to exceed the due bounds, or to embellish with lies and additions, in his narration, or discourse ]. (A, TA. [See also 5.]) ― -b5- استزادهُ He sought, or desired, or demanded, of him an increase, an addition, or more. (Msb, K.) You say, ↓ لَوِ ا@سْتَزَدْتُهُ لَزَادَنِى If I had sought, or desired, or demanded, an increase, &c., he had given me an increase, &c. (Msb.) ― -b6- [And hence,] (tropical:) He reckoned him, or held him, to have fallen short of doing what he ought to have done, (S, A, K, TA,) and complained of him, (A, TA,) or reproved him, for a thing that he did not approve. (TA.) And كَتَبَ اـِلَيْهِ كِتَابَ ا@سْتِزَادَةٍ (tropical:) [ He wrote to him a letter of complaint, or reproof, for his having fallen short, &c.; requiring him to do more]. (A.)

زَيْدٌ ذ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (S, Mgh, Msb.) ― -b2- [Hence,] هُمْ زَيْدٌ عَلَى مِائَةٍ (S, A, L) and ↓ زِيدٌ (S, L) and ↓ زِياَدَةٌ (A) (tropical:) [ They are more than a hundred ].

زِيدٌ ذ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (S, * K, * TK.) ― -b2- See the next preceding paragraph.

زِيَادَةٌ ذ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (S, Msb.) Using it as an inf. n., (Msb,) you say, اِفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ زِيَادَةً [meaning Do thou that in addition ]: (S, Msb:) the vulgar say ↓ زَائِدَةً, (S,) which one should not say. (Msb.) [Hence also,] حُرُوفُ الزِّيَادَةِ [ The letters of augmentation; or the augmentative letters; i. e. the letters that are added to the radical letters in Arabic words ]: they are ten, and are comprised in the saying, سَأَلْتُمُونِيهَا [“ Ye asked me for them ”], (TA,) and in أَلْيَوْمَ تَنْسَاهُ [“ Today thou wilt forget it ”]; (K, TA;) and more than a hundred and thirty other combinations comprising them have been mentioned: (MF:) [these letters are also called زَوَائِدُ, of which the sing. is ↓ زَائِدَةٌ.] See also زَيْدٌ. ― -b2- [As a simple subst., or a subst. properly so termed, it signifies An increase, or increment; and augmentation, or augment; an addition, additament, adjunct, or accessory: an accession: excess, redundance, or superfluity: and a redundant part or portion or appertenance; a surplus; a residue: an excrescence: pl. زِيَادَاتٌ and زَيائِدُ. ― -b3- Hence,] اـِبِلٌ كَثِيرَةُ الزَّيَائِدِ i.e. الزِّيَادَات [ Camels having much increase; lit., much, or many, increases ]. (K.) A poet says, بِهَجْمَةٍ تَمْلَأُ عَيْنَ الحَاسِدِ ذَاتِ سُرُوحٍ جَمَّةِ الزَّيَائِدِ [ With a herd of forty or more camels, that fill, or glut, the eye of the envier, enjoying pasturing by themselves, having much increase ]: some say, [in citing this verse,] الزَّوَائِدِ, which is pl. of ↓ زَائِدَةٌ; but الزوائد is said only in relation to the legs of a beast. (L.) ― -b4- [Hence also,] زِيَادَةُ الكَبِدِ, (so in a copy of the S, and in the A and L, and in several places in the K,) or الكَبِدِ ↓ زَائِدَةُ, (so termed by Zj, and so in the T, and in two copies of the S, and in the L,) both of which are correct, (TA,) [ The redundant appertenance of the liver; ] a certain small piece to which the liver is attached, or suspended: (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ”) or a certain small appertenance of the liver (هُنَيَّةٌ مِنْهَا صَغِيرَةٌ), at its side, going away from it (مُتَنَحِّيَةٌ عَنْهَا): (S, L:) or a certain piece appended, or attached, to the liver (مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِهَا): (A:) or a certain appendage of the liver; [so I render هَنَةٌ مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ مِنْهَا, agreeably with the next preceding explanation; though it may be rendered a thing suspended from it, i.e. from the liver; or the right reading may be هنة متعلّقة بِهَا, which is virtually the same as the explanation in the A, and agreeable with what here follows: so called] because it is a redundance (تَزِيدُ) upon its upper surface: (L:) [all of these explanations seem to denote the round ligament of the liver: the Hebrew יֹחֶרֶח הַכּבֵד , in Ex. xxix. 22, literally signifies the same; like the slightly-varying appellations in Ex. xxix. 13 and Lev. iii. 4, and Lev. ix. 10: but the real meaning thereof is much disputed: the rendering of the LXX. is λοβὸσ τοῦ ἥπατοσ ; which is said to mean extrema pars hepatis: that of the Vulg., reticulum hepatis: that of our authorized Engl. Vers., the caul above the liver; (with this marginal note: “ it seemeth by anatomy, and the Hebrew Doctors, to be the midriff: ” ) and it is remarkable that this is one of the meanings assigned to الخِلْبُ, which some hold to be syn. with زَيَادَةُ الكَبِدِ: (see خِلْبٌ:) Bochart (in his Hieroz. t. i., p. 498, seq.,) and Gesenius (in his Lex.) explain the Hebrew term as meaning the greater lobe of the liver: but this is hard to reconcile with the Hebrew or the Arabic; and utterly irreconcileable with the explanations given by the Arabs; among whom, it should be observed, were many of the Jewish religion, who cannot reasonably be supposed to have not known the correct meaning of a term relating to their sacrifices:] the pl. of زيادة is زَيَائِدُ, (L,) and that of ↓ زائدة is زَوَائِدُ. (S, L.) Hence the saying, الوَلَدُ كَبِدُ ذِى الوَلَدِ وَوَلَدُ الوَلَدِ زِيَادَةُ الكَبِدِ [ The child is as the liver of the parent, and the grandchild is as the redundant appertenance of the liver ]. (A, TA.)

زَائِدٌ ذ act. part. n. of زَادَ, (Msb,) [ Increasing, augmenting, or growing. ― -b2- Exceeding; in excess; redundant; superfluous; remaining over and above: excrescent: additional; in addition; adscititious. ] You say, أَخَذْتُهُ بِدِرْهَمٍ فَزَائِدًا [ I took it, i. e. bought it, for a dirhem and more ]. (A.) [See also the next paragraph.]

زَائِدَةٌ ذ [fem. of زَائِدٌ: and also a subst.; being transferred from the category of epithets to that of substs. by the affix ة: pl. زَوَائِدُ]: see زِيَادَةٌ, in five places. ― -b2- [Hence,] الزَّوَائِدُ [ Certain excrescences, or pendent hairs, termed ] زَمَعَات, in the hinder part of the kind leg or foot. (K. [In the explanations there given, I read الرِّجْل, as in one copy, instead of الرَّحْل. It has been stated above, voce زِيَادَةٌ, on the authority of the L, that الزَّوَائِد is said only in relation to the legs of a beast.]) ― -b3- [But] ذُو الزَّوَائِدِ means The lion: (S, K:) by the زوائد being mean this claws and his canine teeth and his roaring and his impetuosity. (S.) ― -b4- زَائِدَةُ السَّاقِ The shin-bone. (L.)

[ زَوَائِدِىٌّ ذ a rel. n. from زَوَائِدُ pl. of زَائِدَةٌ; and used, app., as meaning Having something redundant; for] Sa'eed Ibn-'Othmán was surnamed الزَّوَائِدِىُّ because he had three بَيْضَات: so they assert. (S.)

بُرُودٌ تَزِيدِيَّةٌ ذ , (S, K,) and تَزِيدِيَّاتٌ [alone], (S,) [ Garments of the kind termed ] بُرُود having in them red stripes, (S, K,) to which streaks of blood are likened: (S:) so called in relation to تَزِيد the son of حُلْوَان, the father of a tribe: (S, K:) or, as some say, تَزِيد the son of حَيْدَان: (MF:) or from تَزِيد, a city, or town, of ElYemen, in which such برود were woven: (TA:) or, accord. to some, J and F are in error; and the truth is, that there were some merchants in Mekkeh, called بَنُو يَزِيدٍ, thus with ى and in relation to them certain [camel-vehicles for women of the kind called] هَوَادِج were termed ↓ يَزِيدِيَّةٌ. (MF.)

مَزَادٌ ذ : see مَزَادَةٌ, in two places.

مَزِيدٌ ذ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (S, K.) You say, لَا مَزِيدَ عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتَ and ↓ لَا مُسْتَزَادَ, (A, Msb,) both meaning the same [i.e. There is no exceeding what thou hast done: or rather the latter means there is no desire for more than thou hast done, or there is no one of whom is desired more than thou hast done; for ↓ مُسْتَزَاد may be here an inf. n., and it may be a pass. part. n.]. (Msb.) -A2- [It is also the pass. part. n. of زَادَ, signifying Increased, or augmented; as also مَزِيدٌ فِيهِ.]

مَزَادَةٌ ذ [ A leathern water-bag, one of a pair which is borne by a camel or other beast; ] the half (شَطْر) of a رَاوِيَة: (Msb in art. زود:) [a water-bag of this kind is represented in a sketch of “ Sakkàs ” in my work on the Modern Egyptians:] it has two loops, and two kidney-shaped pieces of leather (كُلْيَتَانِ), the former of which are sewed to the latter: (TA voce خُرْبَةٌ:) the رَاوِيَة consists of two mezádehs (مَزَادَتَانِ), which are bound upon the two sides of the camel with the [ cord called ] رِوَاآء: the pl. is مَزَايِدُ [often written مَزَائِدُ]; and sometimes the Arabs elided the ة, saying ↓ مَزَادٌ: (T, TA:) [both of these forms are mentioned in the S and K as pls.:] and ↓ مَزَادٌ without ة, is [also] applied to the single one (فَرْدَة [meaning the single water-skin ]) which the rider attaches behind his camel's saddle, having no عَزْلَاآء, [or spout (which is closed by means of a thong tied round it) at one of the lower extremities for pouring out the water; thus] differing from the مَزَادَة: (T, TA:) or the مزادة is a رَاوِيَة, [app. accord. to some who applied this latter term to a single water-bag,] (S, A, K,) or only (K) such as is composed of two skins with a third inserted between them to widen it: (A 'Obeyd, S, M, A, K:) and so are the سَطِيحَة and the شَعِيب: (A 'Obeyd, S:) or the سَطيحة is made of two skins put face to face; and the مزادة is of two skins and a half, or of three skins: (ISh, TA:) or it is [ a water-bag ] joined (مَشْعُربَة) at one side; if consisting of two faces (ان خرجت من وجهين [i. e. of two pieces of skin whereof each forms one face or side]) it is called a شَعِيب: or it is like a راوية having no عَزْلَاآء [expl. above]: AM and the author of the Msb and some others assert that its medial radical letter is و, and that it is from الزَّوْدُ, (TA,) being so called because one furnishes himself with water in it for travellingprovision: (Msb in art. زود:) but this is a mistake: (TA:) it is thus called because it is enlarged by the addition of a third skin: (AO, El-Khafájee, TA:) [Fei says that] accord. to analogy it should be مِزَادَةٌ. (Msb in art. زود.)

مُسْتَزَادٌ ذ : see مَزِيدٌ, in two places.

يَزِيدِيَّةٌ ذ , applied to هَوَادِج: see تَزِيدِيَّةٌ.

2 زيّر الدَّابَّةَ ذ He (a farrier) twisted the lip of the beast with a زِيَار: (S in art. زور, and TA:) and he put a زِيَار upon the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin ] of the beast. (TA.) [In the present day, the instrument here mentioned is generally applied to the upper lip.]

زِيرٌ ذ [ A large water-jar, wide in the upper part and nearly pointed at the bottom; ] a [ vessel of the kind called ] دَنّ: or a [ vessel such as is called ] حُبّ, (K,) in which water is put: (TA: [but يعمل is there put by mistake for يُجْعَلُ:]) of the dial. of El-'Irák [and that of Egypt]: pl. أَزْيَارٌ: a foreign word. (TA in art. زور, in which, and in art. زير, the word is mentioned in the K.) -A2- See also art. زور. -A3- Also I. q. زِرٌّ; (IAar, TA in art. زور;) the former ر in the latter word being changed by some of the Arabs into ى in this and similar instances. (Az, TA.) -A4- [See also بَصَلٌ.]

زَيِرٌ ذ , (Sgh, TA in art. زور,) in the K, erroneously, زَيِّرٌ, (TA,) Angry, (IAar, Sgh, K, TA,) and severing himself from his companion: (IAar, TA:) originally زَئِرٌ. (Az, TA.)

زِيرَةٌ ذ : see art. زور.

زِيَارٌ ذ [ A kind of barnacle, used by a farrier; ] an instrument with which a farrier twists the lip of a beast; (S in art. زور;) a thing that is put upon the mouth of a beast when he is refractory, in order that he may become submissive. (IAth, TA. [See 2.]) ― -b2- See also art. زور.

زَيْزَفُونٌ ذ : see art. زفن.

1 زَاغَ ذ , aor. يَزِيغُ, inf. n. زَيْغٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and زَيَغَانٌ and زَيْغُوغَةٌ (O, K) and زُيُوغٌ, (TA,) He, or it, (a thing, Msb,) declined, deviated, swerved, or turned aside, (S, O, Msb, K,) from the right course or direction, accord. to an explanation of زَيْغٌ by Er-Rághib; and from the truth: (TA:) and زاغ, aor. يَزُوغُ, inf. n. زَوْغٌ, is a dial. var. thereof. (Msb, TA. *) In the Kur iii. 5, (O,) زَيْغٌ means A doubting, and a declining, or deviating, from the truth. (O, K.) ― -b2- You say also, زَاغَتِ الشَّمْسُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. تَزِيغُ, inf. n. زَيْغٌ (Msb, TA) and زُيُوغٌ, (TA,) The sun declined [ from the meridian ], (S, * Msb, K,) so that the shade turned from one side to the other. (S, * K.) ― -b3- And زاغ البَصَرُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. زَيْغٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The eye, or eyes, or the sight, became dim, or dull: (S, O, K, TA:) so in the phrase مَا زَاغَ البَصَرُ in the Kur [liii. 17]: (O, TA:) or, as some say, زَاغَتِ الأَبْصَارُ signifies the eyes turned aside from their places; as in the case of a man in fear. (TA.)

2 زَيَّغْتُ فُلَانًا ذ , inf. n. تَزْيِيغٌ, I rectified the زَيْغ [or declining, or deviating, &c.,] of such a one. (Aboo-Sa'eed, O, K. *)

4 ازاغهُ ذ , (S, O, Msb, K,) عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ, (S, O,) inf. n. اـِزَاغَةٌ, (Msb,) He made him to decline, deviate, swerve, or turn aside, (S, O, Msb, K,) from the way. (S, O.) Hence, in the Kur [iii. 6, accord. to the usual reading], رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا, (O, TA,) meaning O our Lord, make us not [or make not our hearts ] to decline from the right way and course: make us not to err, or go astray. (TA. [See another reading in the first paragraph of art. زوغ.]) ― -b2- And He made him to fall into الزَّيْغ [app. as meaning deviation from the truth, or the right way of belief or conduct ]. ((TA.) ― -b3- فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا أَزَاغَ ا@للّٰهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ, in the Kur [lxi. 5], means, accord. to Er-Rághib, And when they quitted the right way, God dealt with them according to that: (TA:) or God turned their hearts from the acceptance of the truth, and the inclining to the right course. (Bd.)

5 تَزَيَّغَتْ ذ She (a woman) ornamented, or adorned, herself, and showed, or displayed, her finery, or ornaments, and beauties of person or form or countenance, to men, or strangers, (AZ, S, K,) and decked herself with apparel; like تَزَيَّقَتْ: (AZ, TA:) IF says that its غ is a substitute for ن. (TA.)

6 تَزَايُغٌ ذ i. q. تَمَايُلٌ, (JK, S, O, K,) An inclining towards each other, (PS,) accord. to some, peculiarly, (TA,) in the teeth. (JK, TA.)

زَاغٌ ذ [The rook; ] a small غُرَاب [or bird of the crow-kind ], inclining to white, (O, Mgh, K, TA,) that does not eat carrion, (O, Mgh, TA,) and is allowed to be eaten; now called in Egypt the غُرَاب نُوحِىّ [or Noachian crow ]: (TA:) or a غُرَاب like the pigeon, black, with a dusty colour in its head; or, as some say, inclining to white; that does not eat carrion: (Msb in art. زوغ:) or a small black غُرَاب, that is eaten; also called حَذَفٌ, of which the n. un. is with ة: (ISh, TA in art. حذف:) [these descriptions correctly apply to different varieties of the rook; some of which are distinguished by more or less whiteness in the head and other parts: in the present day, the word is, by some, perhaps generally, erroneously applied to the carrion-crow: ] Az says, “ I know not whether it be Arabic or arabicized: ” (Msb in art. زوغ, and TA:) the truth is, that it is a Pers. word, [زَاغْ,] arabicized; originally applied to crows (غِرْبَان), whether small or large; but when arabicized, applied peculiarly to one species thereof: (TA:) pl. زِيغَانٌ. (O, Mgh, Msb, K.)

زَائِغٌ ذ Declining, deviating, swerving, or turning aside: (TA:) pl. زَاغَةٌ, applied to a number of men, (S, O, K, TA,) i. q. زَائِغُونَ, (S, O, TA,) like بَاعَةٌ meaning بَائِغُونَ. (O, TA.)

1 زَافَ ذ , aor. يَزِيفُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. زَيْفٌ and زَيَفَانٌ (O, K) and زُيُوفٌ, (TA,) said of a camel, (S, TA,) and of a man, &c., (TA,) He walked with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side: (S, O, K:) or he went quickly, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side. (TA.) And زَافَتْ فِى مِشْيَتِهَا, said of a woman, She appeared as though she were turning round, or circling, in her gait. (Z, TA.) [This is app. from what next follows.] One says of a male pigeon, زاف عِنْدَ الحَمَامَةِ He dragged the tail, and impelled his fore part with his hinder part, and turned, or circled, around the female pigeon: (S, O, L, K, * TA:) and of a female pigeon one says, تَزِيفُ بَيْنَ يَدَىِ الحَمَامِ الذَّكَرِ, meaning She walks with boldness and presumptuousness before the male pigeon. (TA.) And a poet describing a battle says of it زَافَتْ, meaning The hinder part thereof impelled the fore part. (L, TA.) ― -b2- زاف, (Kr, TA,) inf. n. زَيْفٌ, (Kr,) said of a building, (Kr, TA,) &c., (TA,) It was, or became, high. (Kr, TA.) -A2- زافت الدَّرَاهِمُ, (S, MA, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. تَزِيفُ, (Msb,) inf. n. زَيْفٌ, (Msb,) or زُيُوفٌ, (Mgh, K,) for which the lawyers say زِيَافَةٌ, (Mgh,) The dirhems, or pieces of money, were bad: (MA, Msb:) or were rejected, or returned, (Mgh, K,) عَلَيْهِ [ to him ], (S, Mgh, K,) because of adulterating alloy therein: (Mgh, K:) or, accord. to the M, simply, were rejected, or returned; (TA;) [and] so ↓ زُيِّفَت. (Mgh.) -A3- See also 2. -A4- زاف الحَائِطَ, (O, K,) inf. n. زَيْفٌ, (TA,) He leaped the wall; syn. قَفَزَهُ; (O, K;) said of a man. (O.)

2 تَزْيِيفٌ ذ is said to signify primarily The separating, or setting apart, such [money] as is passable, or current, from such as is termed زَائِف: and hence, the rejecting [money], or returning [it]: and the making [it], or proving [it] to be, false, or spurious. (TA.) One says, زيّف الدَّرَاهِمَ, (S, MA, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَزْيِيفٌ, (Msb,) He made, (MA, K,) or pronounced, (K,) or showed, (Msb,) the dirhems, or pieces of money, to be bad, (MA, Msb,) or to be such as are termed زُيُوف; (K;) as also ↓ زَافَهَا. (Lh, K.) See also 1, near the end of the paragraph. ― -b2- [Hence, التَّزْيِيفُ in relation to speech, or language: see 2 in art. رمل.] ― -b3- And زيّفهُ, (Kr, TA,) inf. n. as above, (Kr,) (tropical:) He made his blood to be of no account, to go for nothing, unretaliated, or uncompensated by a mulct; or made it allowable to take, or shed, his blood: (TA:) or he made him to be contemptible, ignominious, base, or vile, in the estimation of others: (Kr, TA:) from دِرْهَمٌ زَائِفٌ “ a bad dirhem, or piece of money. ” (TA.)

5 تزيّفت ذ , said of a woman, [like تزيّقت,] She ornamented, or adorned, herself. (O.) ― -b2- [Accord. to Freytag, تزيّف signifies It was adulterated: and in Har p. 612 it is expl. as signifying صار زيّفا فى احواله, which seems to have this or a similar meaning; زيّفا being app. a mistranscription for زَيْفًا or مُزَيَّفًا.]

زَيْفٌ ذ : see زَائِفٌ, in four places. -A2- Also The اـِفْرِيز, i. e., (Kr, TA,) the طَنَف, (Kr, O, K, TA,) [meaning the coping, or ledge, or cornice, ] that protects a wall, (O, K, TA,) surrounding the upper part of the wall, (Kr,) or surrounding the walls at the top of a house: (TA:) or, as some say, (O, in the K “ and, ”) the steps, or stairs, of places of ascent: (O, K:) or, as some say, (Kr, O, in the K “ and, ”) i. q. شُرَفٌ [meaning acroterial ornaments forming a single member of a cresting of a wall, or of the crown of a cornice ]: n. un. with ة. (Kr, O, K.)

زَيَّافٌ ذ , and with ة: see the next paragraph, in three places.

زَائِفٌ ذ One who walks in the manner described in the first sentence of this art.; as also ↓ زَيْفٌ, which is an inf. n. used as an epithet: (TA:) [and so ↓ زَيَّافٌ, but properly in an intensive sense:] and ↓ زَيَّافَةٌ a she-camel proud and self- conceited [ in her gait ]. (S.) Hence, (TA,) الزَّائِفُ signifies The lion; as also ↓ الزَّيَّافُ; (O, K;) but the latter has an intensive meaning: (TA:) so called because of his proud and selfconceited walk. (O, TA.) -A2- Also, and ↓ زَيْفٌ, (S, Kr, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) the latter an inf. n. used as an epithet, (Msb,) or, accord. to IDrd, this is a vulgar term, (O,) or bad, (K,) applied to a dirhem, or piece of money, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) to gold and to silver, (Har p. 369, referring to the latter word,) Bad: (Kr, Msb, and Har ubi suprà:) or such as are rejected, or returned, because of adulterating alloy therein: (Mgh, O, K:) or, as some say, such as are less bad than what are termed بَهْرَج, being such as are rejected by [ the officers of ] the government-treasury; whereas the بهرج are such as are rejected by the merchants, or traders: (Mgh:) the pl. is زِيَافٌ and أَزْيَافٌ, (O, K,) [the latter a pl. of pauc.,] or the pl. of ↓ زَيْفٌ is زُيُوفٌ, and the pl. of زَائِفٌ is زُيَّفٌ: (Mgh, * Msb:) accord. to some, the زُيُوف are such as are done over with a compound of quicksilver and sulphur. (Msb.) [It is implied in the Msb that ↓ زَيْفٌ is the more common term, though, as has been stated above, it is said by IDrd to be vulgar: and it is also applied to human beings: for ex.,] a poet says, تَرَى القَوْمَ أَشْبَاهًا اـِذَا نَزَلُوامَعًا وَفِى القَوْمِ زَيْفٌ مِثْلُ زَيْفِ الدَّرَاهِمِ [ Thou seest the people to be likes when they alight together; but among the people are bad like the bad of dirhems. ] (TA.)

5 تزيّق ذ He ornamented, or adorned, himself, and applied كُحْل to his eyes: (K:) or تزيّقت, said of a woman, (JK, S, O,) like تزيّغت, (S, O,) she ornamented, or adorned, herself, (JK, S, O,) and applied كُحْل to her eyes, (S, O, TA,) and some add, and decked herself with apparel: accord. to Z, it is from الزوق; [app. meaning الزُّوَقُ, syn. with الزَّوُوقُ; or from زَوَاقٌ, (see 2 in art. زوق, last sentence,) so that it is originally تزوّقت;] or it may be from زيق, [i. e. زِيقٌ,] with ى, [meaning the “ builder's string, or line, with which he makes even the rows of stones, or bricks, and with which the building is proportioned, ”] because she who embellishes herself makes her state right by adornment. (TA.)

زِيقٌ ذ The part, of a shirt, that surrounds the neck: (S, K:) the collar of a shirt: (KL:) or the border of a collar; (MA;) or the hemmed border of the opening at the neck and bosom of a shirt: (JK:) [app. an arabicized word from the Pers. زِهْ:] J, holding the medial radical to be [originally] و, has mentioned it in art. زوق. (TA.) ― -b2- [Hence, (assumed tropical:) The surrounding edge of the eyelid. (See حِتَارٌ.)] ― -b3- And The string, or line, of the builder, [also called زِيجٌ, q. v., with which he makes even the rows of stones, or bricks, and ] with which the building is proportioned. (JK.) ― -b4- زِيقُ الشَّيَاطِينِ, expl. by Lth as meaning A certain thing that flies in the air, called by the Arabs لُعَابُ الشَّمْسِ, [i. e. the fine filmy cobwebs termed gossamer, ] is a mistake for رِيقُ الشَّيَاطِينِ, with رَاآء. (Az, O, K. *)

1 زَالَهُ ذ is syn. with أَزَالَهُ, q. v. (S, Msb, K.) ― -b2- زال زَوَالَهُ, or زال ا@للّٰهُ زَوَالَهُ; and زال زَوَالَهَا: see زَوَالٌ, in art. زول. And زِيلَ زَوِيلُهُ and زَوِيلُهَا and زَوَالُهُ: see زَوِيلٌ, in art. زول; and for the first, see also زَوَالٌ, in that art. ― -b3- زِلْتُهُ, (S, K,) aor. أَزِيلُهُ, inf. n. زَيْلٌ, (S,) [first pers. of زَالَهُ,] signifies also I put it, or set it, apart, away, or aside; removed it; or separated it; (S, K, TA;) namely, a thing, (S, TA,) from another thing: (TA:) and ↓ ازالهُ also signifies he separated it; like زَالَهُ. (TA.) See also 4. One says, زِلْ ضَأْنَكَ مِنْ مِعْزَاكَ Remove, or separate, thy sheep from thy goats. (S, * TA.) And ↓ زِلْتُهُ فَلَمْ يَنْزَلْ I separated it [partly], but it did not become [wholly] separated. (S, K.) -A2- مَا زَالَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا (S in art. زول, and Msb,) is like مَا بَرِحَ, both in its [original] measure, [which is مَا زَيِلَ accord. to most authorities,] and in its meaning, which is [ He ceased not to do such a thing, or he continued to do such a thing, for it denotes] the continuing to do a thing [as in the ex. above], and a constant state [as in the phrase مَا زَالَ زَيْدٌ قَائِمًا Zeyd ceased not to be, or continued to be, standing ]: (Msb:) [using the first pers.,] one says, مَا زِلْتُ أَفْعَلُهُ [and مَا زَلْتُ, as appears from what follows], meaning مَا بَرِحْتُ [i. e. I ceased not to do it, or I continued to do it ], (K,) aor. أَزَالُ [supposing the measure of the pret. to be originally فَعِلْتُ] (Msb, K) and أَزِيلُ [supposing the measure of the pret. to be originally فعَلْتُ]: (K:) the verb is seldom [in the Msb “ never ”] used without a negative particle: (Az, TA:) one says زِلْتُ أَفْعَلُ meaning مَا زِلْتُ أَفْعَلُ; but this is rare: (K:) and مَا زِيلَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا, (S, Msb, K,) a phrase used by some of the Arabs, (Msb,) mentioned by Akh, (S, TA,) as is meant in [some of the copies of] the K by the addition عَنْهُ, though Akh is not mentioned in what precedes. (TA.) The verb in مَا زَالَ and لَا يَزَالُ is used in the manner of كَانَ in governing the noun [which is its subject] in the nom. case and the predicate in the accus. case [as in مَا زَالَ زَيْدٌ قَائِمًا, expl. above]; but one may not say, مَا زَالَ زَيْدٌ اـِلَّا مُنْطَلِقًا, like as one says, مَا كَانَ زَيْدٌ اـِلَّا مُنْطَلِقًا; for زَالَ denotes a negation, [meaning he did not a thing, or he was not doing &c.,] and مَا and لَا denote negation, and two negations together denote an affirmation; so that ما زال is affirmative like كَانَ; and as one may not say, كَانَ زَيْدٌ اـِلَّا مَنْطَلِقًا, so one may not say, مَا زَالَ زَيْدٌ اـِلَّا مُنْطَلِقًا. (Er-Rághib, TA.) One says also, مَا زِلْتُ بِزَيْدٍ حَتَّى فَعَلَ ذٰلِكَ and مَا زِلْتُ وَزَيْدًا [ I desisted not with Zeyd until he did that ], (Sb, K, * TA,) inf. n. زِيَالٌ. (Sb, TA.) لَمْ يَزَلْ [ He, or it, has not ceased to be &c., i. e., has ever been &c., (see أَزَلٌ,)] is said of God, as meaning He has never been nonexistent; and لَا يَزَالُ, said of Him, He will never be nonexistent. (Kull p. 31.) This [incomplete i. e. non-attributive] verb and the complete [i. e. attributive, which signifies “ it ceased to be ” or “ exist, ” &c.,] differ in their components; the latter being composed of ل و ز; and this, of ل ى ز: or the incomplete is altered from the complete; being made to be with kesr to its medial radical letter, [for it is generally held to be from زَيِلَ or زَوِلَ,] after its having been [originally زَوَلَ,] with fet-h: or it is from زَالَهُ, aor. يَزِيلُهُ, meaning “ he put it, ” or “ set it, apart, ” &c. (K.)

2 زيّلهُ ذ , (S, K,) inf. n. تَزْيِيلٌ, (S,) He separated it [i. e. acompany of men, or an assemblage of things,] much (Fr, Az, S, * K, * TA,) [or greatly, or widely; or dispersed it; ] differing in degree from زَالَهُ like as مَيَّزَهُ does from مَازَهُ. (TA.) Hence, فَزَيَّلْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ [ And we will separate them widely, one from another ], (Fr, Az, S, K, TA,) in the Kur [x. 29]; (Fr, Az, S, TA;) where some read بَيْنَهُمْ ↓ فَزَايَلْنَا; like لَا تُصَعِّرْ and لا تُصَاعِرْ [in the Kur xxxi. 17]. (Fr, Az, TA.) [See also an ex. in a verse cited voce دُونَ.] زَيَّلْتُ is of the measure فَعَّلْتُ because its inf. n. is as above; for were it فَيْعَلْتُ, one would say زَيَّلَةٌ [of the measure فَيْعَلَةٌ]. (S.) -A2- تَزْيِيلٌ is also [said to be] an [irreg.] inf. n. of 5, q. v. (Lh, K.)

3 زايلهُ ذ , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُزَايَلَةٌ and زِيَالٌ, (S, K,) He separated himself from him. (S, Msb, K. [See also 1 in art. زول, last signification.]) One says, خَالِطُوا النَّاسَ وَزَايِلُوهُمْ, meaning [ Mix ye with men in familiar, or social, intercourse, and ] separate yourselves from them in deeds, or actions. (TA.) ― -b2- زَايَلَتْهُ بِوَجْهِهَا She veiled her face from him. (IAar on the authority of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr, TA in art. بزر.) [See also 6.] ― -b3- زَايَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ: see 2. And see also what next follows.

4 ازالهُ ذ (S, Msb, K) مِنْ مَكَانِهِ (S) or عَنْ مَكَانِهِ, (K,) inf. n. اـِزَالَةٌ (K) and اـِزَالٌ; (Lh, K;) and ↓ زَالَهُ, (S, Msb, K, and Har p. 393,) aor. يَزِيلُهُ, (S, K, and Har ubi suprà,) or يَزَالُهُ, like يَنَالُهُ, (Msb,) inf. n. زَيْلٌ, (S, K, Har,) or زِيَالٌ; (Msb;) both signify the same; (S, Msb, K;) He removed it [ from its place; as the former is expl. in art. زول]; (Msb in explanation of both, and Har ubi suprà in explanation of the latter;) and so ↓ زَايَلَهُ, of which the primary signification is that first assigned to it in the next preceding paragraph. (Har ubi suprà.) See also 1, fourth sentence. [And see 4 in art. زول.]

5 تزيّلوا ذ , (S, * Msb, K,) inf. n. تَزَيُّلٌ and ↓ تَزْيِيلٌ, (K,) the latter [irreg., being properly inf. n. of 2,] of the dial. of El-Hijáz, mentioned by Lh; (TA;) and ↓ تزايلوا, inf. n. تَزَايُلٌ; (K;) i. q. تَفَرَّقُوا [i. e. They became separated much, or greatly, or widely; or became dispersed: or rather, the former verb, being quasi-pass. of 2, has this meaning; and the latter verb, as quasi-pass. of 3, means simply they became separated, one from another ]: (S, K:) [for] ↓ التَّزَايُلُ signifies التَّبَايُنُ: (S, K:) تزيّلوا is syn. with تَمَيَّزُوا: thus in the Kur [xlviii. 25], where it is said, لَوْ تَزَيَّلُوا لَعَذَّبْنَا ا@لَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا [ Had they been widely separated, one from another, we had assuredly punished those who disbelieved ]: (Msb, * TA:) and some here read ↓ تَزَايَلُوا. (Bd.) [See also 7.]

6 تَزَاْيَلَ see 5, in three places. ― -b2- [Hence,] التَّزَايُلُ signifies also الاِحْتِشَامُ; (K, TA;) a tropical meaning: (TA:) one says, تزايل عَنْهُ, meaning اِحْتَشَمَهُ [i. e. (tropical:) He was, or became, abashed at him ]: (O, TA:) because the مُحْتَشِم separates himself, and shrinks, from another. (TA.) ― -b3- [See also مُتَزَايِلَةٌ, whence it seems that one says, of a woman, تَزَايَلَتْ, meaning She veiled her face from men: see likewise 3.]

7 انزال ذ It was, or became, put, or set, apart, away, or aside; removed; or separated; (S, K;) عَنْهُ [ from him, or it ]. (TA.) One says, زِلْتُهُ فَلَمْ يَنْزَلْ: see 1. (S, K.) [See also 5. And see 7 in art. زول.]

زَيَلٌ ذ Width between the thighs; (S, K;) like فَجَجٌ. (S.)

أَزْيَلٌ ذ , (K,) or أَزْيَلُ الفَخِذَيْنِ, occurring in a trad., (TA,) Having the thighs wide apart. (K, TA.)

مِزْيَلٌ ذ A man acute or sharp or quick in intellect, clever, ingenious, skilful, knowing, or intelligent; knowing with respect to the subtilties, niceties, abstrusities, or obscurities, of things, affairs, or cases; as also ↓ مِزْيَالٌ: (K:) or vehement in altercation, or litigation, who shifts (يَزُولُ) from one plea, or argument, to another: occurring in a trad., in which it is said, with reference to two claimants, كَانَ أَحَدُهُمَا مِخْلَطًا مِزْيَلًا [ One of them two was a person who mixed in, or entered into, affairs; vehement in altercation, &c.]: (IAth, TA:) accord. to which latter explanation, it should be mentioned in art. زول, as it is by the author of the L; but Z mentions it in the present art., like F. (TA.)

مِزْيَالٌ ذ : see the next preceding paragraph.