Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyya — Sharh al-Ajurrumiyya (التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية) — Page 92

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْجَوَابُ: ١ - مُحَمَّدٌ قَائِمٌ - مُحَمَّدٌ: مُبْتَدَأٌ مَرْفُوعٌ بِالِابْتِدَاءِ، وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ ضَمَّةٌ فِي آخِرِهِ، قَائِمٌ: خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ مَرْفُوعٌ بِالْمُبْتَدَأِ، وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ ضَمَّةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ فِي آخِرِهِ.

The Answer: 1 - Muhammad is standing - Muhammad: is a subject (mubtada') in the nominative case due to its initial position, and the sign of its nominative case is a damma at its end; standing (qa'im): is the predicate (khabar) of the subject, in the nominative case due to the subject, and the sign of its nominative case is a visible damma at its end.

مُحَمَّدٌ حَضَرَ أَبُوهُ - مُحَمَّدٌ مُبْتَدَأٌ: حَضَرَ فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ، أَبُو فَاعِلُ حَضَرَ مَرْفُوعٌ بِالْوَاوِ نِيَابَةً عَنِ الضَّمَّةِ لِأَنَّهُ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ الْخَمْسَةِ، وَأَبُو مُضَافٌ وَالْهَاءُ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الضَّمِّ فِي مَحَلِّ خَفْضٍ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ وَالْفَاعِلِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعِ خَبَرِ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَالرَّابِطُ بَيْنَ الْخَبَرِ وَالْمُبْتَدَأِ هُوَ الضَّمِيرُ الْوَاقِعُ مُضَافًا إِلَيْهِ فِي قَوْلِكَ «أَبُوهُ».

2 - Muhammad, his father attended - Muhammad is a subject: 'attended' (hadara) is a past tense verb built on the fatha, having no place in inflection; 'father' (abu) is the doer (fa'il) of 'attended', in the nominative case using the waw as a substitute for the damma because it is one of the Five Names, and 'father' is in a genitive construction (mudaf) and the 'ha' is a genitive suffix (mudaf ilayh), built on the damma in the place of the genitive case; the sentence composed of the verb and the doer is in the place of the nominative case as the predicate of the subject, and the connector between the predicate and the subject is the pronoun occurring as a genitive suffix in your saying 'his father' (abu-hu).

مُحَمَّدٌ أَبُوهُ مُسَافِرٌ - مُحَمَّدٌ مُبْتَدَأٌ أَوَّلُ مَرْفُوعٌ بِالضَّمَّةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، أَبُو: مُبْتَدَأٌ ثَانٍ مَرْفُوعٌ بِالْوَاوِ نِيَابَةً عَنِ الضَّمَّةِ لِأَنَّهُ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ الْخَمْسَةِ، وَأَبُو مُضَافٌ وَالْهَاءُ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، مُسَافِرٌ: خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ الثَّانِي وَجُمْلَةُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ الثَّانِي وَخَبَرِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعِ خَبَرِ الْمُبْتَدَأِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَالرَّابِطُ بَيْنَ هَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةِ وَالْمُبْتَدَأِ الْأَوَّلِ الضَّمِيرُ الَّذِي فِي قَوْلِكَ «أَبُوهُ».

3 - Muhammad, his father is traveling - Muhammad is the first subject in the nominative case with a visible damma; 'father' (abu) is the second subject in the nominative case using the waw as a substitute for the damma because it is one of the Five Names, and 'father' is in a genitive construction and the 'ha' is a genitive suffix; 'traveling' (musafir) is the predicate of the second subject, and the sentence of the second subject and its predicate is in the place of the nominative case as the predicate of the first subject; the connector between this sentence and the first subject is the pronoun which is in your saying 'his father' (abu-hu).

…3 more translated lines, 1 more verbs and 29 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (4 verbs · 32 nouns)

• حَضَرَ — to come/arrive
• بَانَ — to clarify
• كَانَ — to be
• جَوَابٌ — answer
• مُبْتَدَأٌ — subject
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign