Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyya — Sharh al-Ajurrumiyya (التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية) — Page 54

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ وَالدَّرْسَ : مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ مَنْصُوبٌ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَكُلٌّ مِنْ «مُحَمَّدٍ» وَ «الدَّرْسِ» اِسْمٌ مُفْرَدٌ.

And the sign of its nominative case is the visible damma, and 'al-darsa' is an accusative object, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible fatha, and each of 'Muhammad' and 'al-dars' is a singular noun.

جَمْعُ التَّكْسِيرِ، وَمِثَالُهُ «التَّلَامِيذُ» وَ «الدُّرُوسُ» مِنْ قَوْلِكَ: «حَفِظَ التَّلَامِيذُ الدُّرُوسَ» فَحَفِظَ : فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ، وَالتَّلَامِيذُ : فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَالدُّرُوسُ : مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ مَنْصُوبٌ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَكُلٌّ مِنَ التَّلَامِيذِ وَالدُّرُوسِ جَمْعُ تَكْسِيرٍ.

2- The broken plural, and its example is 'al-talamidhu' and 'al-durus' from your saying: 'hafiza al-talamidhu al-durusa', so 'hafiza' is a past tense verb built on the fatha, having no place in inflection, and 'al-talamidhu' is a nominative subject and the sign of its nominative case is the visible damma, and 'al-durus' is an accusative object and the sign of its accusative case is the visible fatha, and each of 'al-talamidh' and 'al-durus' is a broken plural.

جَمْعُ الْمُؤَنَّثِ السَّالِمُ، وَمِثَالُهُ «الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ» وَ «الصَّلَوَاتُ» مِنْ قَوْلِكَ: «خَشَعَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ فِي الصَّلَوَاتِ» فَخَشَعَ : فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ : فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَفِي : حَرْفُ جَرٍّ، وَالصَّلَوَاتِ : مَجْرُورٌ بِفِي، وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَكُلٌّ مِنْ «الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالصَّلَوَاتِ» جَمْعُ مُؤَنَّثٍ سَالِمٌ.

3- The sound feminine plural, and its example is 'al-mu'minatu' and 'al-salawatu' from your saying: 'khasha'a al-mu'minatu fi al-salawati', so 'khasha'a' is a past tense verb built on the fatha, having no place in inflection, and 'al-mu'minatu' is a nominative subject and the sign of its nominative case is the visible damma, and 'fi' is a preposition, and 'al-salawati' is genitive due to 'fi', and the sign of its genitive case is the visible kasra, and each of 'al-mu'minat' and 'al-salawat' is a sound feminine plural.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (14 verbs · 43 nouns)

• حَفِظَ — to memorize
• خَشَعَ — to be humble
• اِتَّصَلَ — to connect
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• رَفْعٌ — nominative case
• ضَمَّةٌ — damma