Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyya — Sharh al-Ajurrumiyya (التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية) — Page 5

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

تَعْرِيفُ النَّحْوِ، مَوْضُوعُهُ، ثَمَرَتُهُ نِسْبَتُهُ وَاضِعُهُ، حُكْمُ الشَّارِعِ فِيهِ.

The definition of grammar, its subject, its fruit, its relation, its founder, and the ruling of the Legislator regarding it.

التَّعْرِيفُ: كَلِمَةُ (نَحْو) تُطْلَقُ فِي اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ عَلَى عِدَّةِ مَعَانٍ: مِنْهَا الْجِهَةُ، تَقُولُ: ذَهَبْتُ نَحْوَ فُلَانٍ أَيْ: جِهَتَهُ.

Definition: The word 'nahw' is used in the Arabic language for several meanings: among them is direction, you say: I went towards so-and-so, meaning: his direction.

وَمِنْهَا الشَّبَهُ وَالْمِثْلُ، تَقُولُ: مُحَمَّدٌ نَحْوُ عَلِيٍّ، أَيْ: شِبْهُهُ وَمِثْلُهُ.

And among them is resemblance and likeness, you say: Muhammad is like Ali, meaning: his resemblance and his likeness.

وَتُطْلَقُ كَلِمَةُ «نَحْو» فِي اصْطِلَاحِ الْعُلَمَاءِ عَلَى الْعِلْمِ بِالْقَوَاعِدِ الَّتِي يُعْرَفُ بِهَا أَحْكَامُ أَوَاخِرِ الْكَلِمَاتِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ فِي حَالِ تَرْكِيبِهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ، وَالْبِنَاءِ وَمَا يَتْبَعُ ذَلِكَ.

The word 'nahw' is used in the terminology of scholars for the science of rules by which the rulings of the endings of Arabic words are known when they are composed, regarding inflection, indeclinability, and what follows that.

الْمَوْضُوعُ: وَمَوْضُوعُ عِلْمِ النَّحْوِ: الْكَلِمَاتُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ، مِنْ جِهَةِ الْبَحْثِ عَنْ أَحْوَالِهَا الْمَذْكُورَةِ.

Subject: The subject of the science of grammar is Arabic words, from the perspective of researching their mentioned states.

الثَّمَرَةُ: وَثَمَرَةُ تَعَلُّمِ عِلْمِ النَّحْوِ: صِيَانَةُ اللِّسَانِ عَنِ الْخَطَأِ فِي الْكَلَامِ الْعَرَبِيِّ، وَفَهْمُ الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ وَالْحَدِيثِ النَّبَوِيِّ فَهْمًا صَحِيحًا، اللَّذَيْنِ هُمَا أَصْلُ الشَّرِيعَةِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ وَعَلَيْهِمَا مَدَارُهَا.

Fruit: The fruit of learning the science of grammar is preserving the tongue from error in Arabic speech, and understanding the Noble Quran and the Prophetic Hadith correctly, both of which are the foundation of Islamic Law and upon which it revolves.

نِسْبَتُهُ: وَهُوَ مِنَ الْعُلُومِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ.

Relation: It is one of the Arabic sciences.

وَاضِعُهُ وَالْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّ أَوَّلَ وَاضِعٍ لِعِلْمِ النَّحْوِ هُوَ أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ الدُّؤَلِيُّ، بِأَمْرِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ.

Founder: It is famous that the first founder of the science of grammar is Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali, by the command of the Commander of the Faithful, Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him.

حُكْمُ الشَّارِعِ فِيهِ: وَتَعَلُّمُهُ فَرْضٌ مِنْ فُرُوضِ الْكِفَايَةِ، وَرُبَّمَا تَعَيَّنَ تَعَلُّمُهُ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ فَصَارَ فَرْضَ عَيْنٍ عَلَيْهِ.

Ruling of the Legislator: Learning it is a communal obligation, and perhaps learning it becomes mandatory for an individual, so it becomes an individual obligation upon him.

Vocabulary · المفردات (11 verbs · 52 nouns)

• أَطْلَقَ — to apply or use
• ذَهَبَ — to go
• عَرَفَ — to know
• تَبِعَ — to follow
• بَحَثَ — to search
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• تَعَلَّمَ — to learn
• فَهِمَ — to understand
• رَضِيَ — to be pleased
• تَعَيَّنَ — to become mandatory
• صَارَ — to become
• مُقَدِّمَة — introduction
• تَعْرِيف — definition
• نَحْو — grammar
• مَوْضُوع — subject
• ثَمَرَة — fruit
• نِسْبَة — relation
• وَاضِع — founder
• حُكْم — ruling
• شَارِع — legislator
• كَلِمَة — word
• لُغَة — language
• عَرَبِيّ — Arabic
• عِدَّة — number
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• جِهَة — direction
• شَبَه — resemblance
• مِثْل — likeness
• اصْطِلَاح — terminology
• عَالِم — scholar
• عِلْم — science
• قَاعِدَة — rule
• آخِر — end
• حَال — state
• تَرْكِيب — composition
• إِعْرَاب — inflection
• بِنَاء — indeclinability
• بَحْث — research
• مَذْكُور — mentioned
• تَعَلُّم — learning
• صِيَانَة — preservation
• لِسَان — tongue
• خَطَأ — error
• كَلَام — speech
• قُرْآن — Quran
• كَرِيم — noble
• حَدِيث — hadith
• نَبَوِيّ — prophetic
• فَهْم — understanding
• صَحِيح — correct
• أَصْل — origin
• شَرِيعَة — law
• إِسْلَامِيّ — Islamic
• مَدَار — orbit
• مَشْهُور — famous
• أَوَّل — first
• أَمْر — command
• أَمِير — leader
• مُؤْمِن — believer
• فَرْض — obligation
• كِفَايَة — sufficiency
• وَاحِد — one
• عَيْن — individual