Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyya — Sharh al-Ajurrumiyya (التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية) — Page 42

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

تَعْرِفُ نَصْبَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا إِذَا وُجِدَتِ النُّونُ الَّتِي تَكُونُ عَلَامَةَ الرَّفْعِ مَحْذُوفَةً، وَمِثَالُهَا فِي حَالَةِ النَّصْبِ قَوْلُكَ: «يَسُرُّنِي أَنْ تَحْفَظُوا دُرُوسَكُمْ»، وَنَحْوُ: «يُؤْلِمُنِي مِنَ الْكَسَالَى أَنْ يُهْمِلُوا فِي وَاجِبَاتِهِمْ»، فَكُلٌّ مِنْ «تَحْفَظُوا» وَ«يُهْمِلُوا» فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَنْصُوبٌ بِأَنْ، وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ حَذْفُ النُّونِ، وَوَاوُ الْجَمَاعَةِ فَاعِلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ.

You recognize the accusative case of each of them if the nun, which is the sign of the nominative case, is found to be omitted; an example of this in the accusative case is your saying: 'It pleases me that you (plural) memorize your lessons,' and such as: 'It pains me that the lazy ones neglect their duties,' for each of 'tahfazu' (you memorize) and 'yuhmilu' (they neglect) is an imperfect verb in the accusative case due to 'an', and its sign of the accusative is the omission of the nun, and the waw of the group is a subject built upon sukun in the place of the nominative.

وَكَذَلِكَ الْمُتَّصِلُ بِأَلِفِ الِاثْنَيْنِ، نَحْوُ: «يَسُرُّنِي أَنْ تَنَالَا رَغَبَاتِكُمَا» وَالْمُتَّصِلُ بِيَاءِ الْمُخَاطَبَةِ، نَحْوُ: «يُؤْلِمُنِي أَنْ تُفَرِّطِي فِي وَاجِبِكِ»، وَقَدْ عَرَفْتَ كَيْفَ تُعْرِبُهُمَا.

Likewise is that which is connected to the alif of the dual, such as: 'It pleases me that you two attain your desires,' and that which is connected to the ya of the second-person feminine singular, such as: 'It pains me that you (feminine) neglect your duty,' and you have already learned how to parse them.

تَمْرِينَاتٌ: ١- اِسْتَعْمِلِ الْكَلِمَاتِ الْآتِيَةَ مَرْفُوعَةً مَرَّةً وَمَنْصُوبَةً مَرَّةً أُخْرَى، فِي جُمَلٍ مُفِيدَةٍ وَاضْبِطْهَا بِالشَّكْلِ: الْكِتَابُ، الْقِرْطَاسُ، الْقَلَمُ، الدَّوَاةُ، النَّمِرُ، النَّهْرُ، الْفِيلُ، الْحَدِيقَةُ، الْجَمَلُ، الْبَسَاتِينُ، الْمَغَانِمُ، الْآدَابُ، يَظْهَرُ، الصَّادِقَاتُ، الْعَفِيفَاتُ، الْوَالِدَاتُ، الْإِخْوَانُ، الْأَسَاتِذَةُ، الْمُعَلِّمُونَ، الْآبَاءُ، أَخُوكَ، الْعِلْمُ، الْمُرُوءَةُ، الصَّدِيقَانِ، أَبُوكَ، الْأَصْدِقَاءُ، الْمُؤْمِنُونَ، الزُّرَّاعُ، الْمُتَّقُونَ، تَقُومَانِ، يَلْعَبَانِ.

Exercises: 1- Use the following words in the nominative case once and in the accusative case another time, in useful sentences, and vocalize them: the book, the paper, the pen, the inkwell, the tiger, the river, the elephant, the garden, the camel, the orchards, the spoils, the manners, appears, the truthful women, the chaste women, the mothers, the brothers, the professors, the teachers, the fathers, your brother, the knowledge, the chivalry, the two friends, your father, the friends, the believers, the farmers, the pious, you two stand, they two play.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (17 verbs · 61 nouns)

• عَرَفَ — to understand
• وَجَدَ — to find
• كَانَ — to be
• نَصْبٌ — accusative
• وَاحِدٌ — one
• نُونٌ — letter 'nun'