Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyya — Sharh al-Ajurrumiyya (التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية) — Page 15

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

تَحْتَمِلُ فِيهِ أَنْ تَكُونَ دَالَّةً عَلَى التَّقْرِيبِ أَوِ التَّحْقِيقِ وَبَيَّنَ فِي هَذَا الْمِثَالِ مَتَى تَكُونُ دَالَّةً عَلَى التَّحْقِيقِ وَمَتَى تَكُونُ دَالَّةً عَلَى التَّقْرِيبِ؟

It may therein signify either approximation or verification, and he explained in this example when it signifies verification and when it signifies approximation?

تَمْرِينٌ: مَيِّزِ الْأَسْمَاءَ وَالْأَفْعَالَ الَّتِي فِي الْعِبَارَاتِ الْآتِيَةِ، وَمَيِّزْ كُلَّ نَوْعٍ مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الْأَفْعَالِ مَعَ ذِكْرِ الْعَلَامَةِ الَّتِي اسْتَدْلَلْتَ بِهَا عَلَى اسْمِيَّةِ الْكَلِمَةِ أَوْ فِعْلِيَّتِهَا، وَهِيَ: (إِن تُبْدُوا خَيْرًا أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ أَوْ تَعْفُوا عَن سُوءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا قَدِيرًا، إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِن شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَن يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا وَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ).

Exercise: Distinguish the nouns and verbs in the following phrases, and distinguish each type of verb while mentioning the sign by which you inferred the noun-ness or verb-ness of the word, which are: (If you disclose good or conceal it or pardon an evil, then indeed Allah is ever Pardoning and Competent. Indeed, as-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of Allah. So whoever makes Hajj to the House or performs 'Umrah, there is no blame upon him for walking between them. And whoever volunteers good, then indeed Allah is Appreciative and Knowing).

قَالَ: سَتَكُونُ فِتَنٌ الْقَاعِدُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْقَائِمِ، وَالْقَائِمُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْمَاشِي، وَالْمَاشِي فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ السَّاعِي، مَنْ تَشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَشْرِفُهُ، وَمَنْ وَجَدَ فِيهَا مَلْجَأً أَوْ مَعَاذًا فَلْيَعُذْ بِهِ.

He said: There will be tribulations; the one sitting during them is better than the one standing, the one standing during them is better than the one walking, and the one walking during them is better than the one running; whoever exposes himself to them, they will consume him, and whoever finds a refuge or shelter in them, let him seek protection in it.

قَالَ: وَالْحَرْفُ مَا لَا يَصْلُحُ مَعَهُ دَلِيلُ الِاسْمِ وَلَا دَلِيلُ الْفِعْلِ.

He said: The particle is that with which neither the sign of the noun nor the sign of the verb is appropriate.

وَأَقُولُ: يَتَمَيَّزُ الْحَرْفُ عَنْ أَخَوَيْهِ الِاسْمِ وَالْفِعْلِ بِأَنَّهُ لَا يَصِحُّ دُخُولُ عَلَامَةٍ مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ الْأَسْمَاءِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةِ وَلَا غَيْرِهَا عَلَيْهِ كَمَا لَا يَصِحُّ دُخُولُ عَلَامَةٍ مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ الْأَفْعَالِ الَّتِي سَبَقَ بَيَانُهَا وَلَا غَيْرِهَا عَلَيْهِ

I say: The particle is distinguished from its two siblings, the noun and the verb, in that it is not valid for any of the aforementioned signs of nouns, nor any others, to enter upon it, just as it is not valid for any of the signs of verbs that were previously explained, nor any others, to enter upon it.

وَمِثْلُهُ «مِنْ» وَ «هَلْ» وَ «لَمْ» هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتُ الثَّلَاثُ حُرُوفٌ، لِأَنَّهَا لَا تَقْبَلُ «أَلْ» وَلَا التَّنْوِينَ وَلَا يَجُوزُ دُخُولُ حُرُوفِ الْخَفْضِ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَا يَصِحُّ أَنْ تَقُولَ: الْمِنْ، وَلَا أَنْ تَقُولَ: مِنٌ، وَلَا أَنْ تَقُولَ: إِلَى مِنْ، وَكَذَلِكَ بَقِيَّةُ الْحُرُوفِ، وَأَيْضًا لَا يَصِحُّ أَنْ تَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهَا السِّينُ، وَلَا «سَوْفَ» وَلَا تَاءُ.

Examples of this are 'min' (from), 'hal' (interrogative particle), and 'lam' (negation particle); these three words are particles because they do not accept 'al-', nor tanwin, and it is not permissible for the particles of genitive case (khafd) to enter upon them, so it is not valid to say 'al-min', nor to say 'minun', nor to say 'ila min', and likewise for the rest of the particles; furthermore, it is not valid for the 'sin', nor 'sawfa', nor the 'ta' to enter upon them.

Vocabulary · المفردات (23 verbs · 42 nouns)

• اِحْتَمَلَ — to imply
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• مَيَّزَ — to distinguish
• اسْتَدَلَّ — to infer
• أَبْدَى — to show
• أَخْفَى — to hide
• عَفَا — to forgive
• كَانَ — to be
• حَجَّ — to perform pilgrimage
• اعْتَمَرَ — to perform umrah
• طَوَّفَ — to circumambulate
• تَطَوَّعَ — to volunteer
• تَشَرَّفَ — to seek to look at
• اسْتَشْرَفَ — to look out for
• وَجَدَ — to find
• عَاذَ — to seek refuge
• صَلَحَ — to be suitable
• تَمَيَّزَ — to be distinguished
• صَحَّ — to be correct
• سَبَقَ — to precede
• قَبِلَ — to accept
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• دَخَلَ — to enter
• دَالَّة — indicator
• تَقْرِيب — approximation
• تَحْقِيق — verification
• مِثَال — an example
• تَمْرِين — exercise
• اسْم — noun
• فِعْل — verb
• عِبَارَة — phrase
• نَوْع — type
• ذِكْر — mention
• عَلَامَة — sign
• اسْمِيَّة — nominality
• كَلِمَة — word
• فِعْلِيَّة — verbality
• خَيْر — good
• سُوء — evil
• صَفَا — Safa
• مَرْوَة — Marwa
• شَعِيرَة — rite
• بَيْت — house
• جُنَاح — sin
• شَاكِر — grateful
• عَلِيم — all-knowing
• فِتْنَة — trial
• قَاعِد — sitter
• قَائِم — stander
• مَاشِي — walker
• سَاعِي — striver
• مَلْجَأ — refuge
• مَعَاذ — shelter
• حَرْف — particle
• دَلِيل — evidence
• أَخ — brother
• مُتَقَدِّم — preceding
• بَيَان — clarification
• مِثْل — likeness
• تَنْوِين — nunation
• خَفْض — genitive case
• بَقِيَّة — remainder
• سِين — seen
• سَوْف — sawfa
• تَاء — taa