Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyya — Sharh al-Ajurrumiyya (التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية) — Page 139

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْجَوَابُ، ١ - لَقِيَتْنِي: فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ، وَالتَّاءُ عَلَامَةُ التَّأْنِيثِ، وَالنُّونُ لِلْوِقَايَةِ وَالْيَاءُ ضَمِيرُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ وَهِنْدٌ فَاعِلُ لَقِيَ مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَبَاكِيَةً حَالٌ مُبَيِّنٌ لِهَيْئَةِ الْفَاعِلِ مَنْصُوبٌ بِالْفَتْحَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ.

The answer: 1- Laqiyatni (she met me): A past tense verb built on the fatha, having no place in inflection; the ta is a sign of the feminine, the nun is for protection (wiqaya), and the ya is the first-person pronoun acting as the direct object, built on the sukun in the place of an accusative; Hind is the subject of laqiya, nominative with the visible damma as its sign; and bakiyatan (weeping) is a circumstantial qualifier (hal) clarifying the state of the subject, accusative with the visible fatha as its sign.

لَبِسْتُ: فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى فَتْحٍ مُقَدَّرٍ عَلَى آخِرِهِ مَنَعَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِ اشْتِغَالُ الْمَحَلِّ بِالسُّكُونِ الْمَأْتِيِّ بِهِ لِدَفْعِ كَرَاهَةِ تَوَالِي أَرْبَعِ مُتَحَرِّكَاتٍ فِيمَا هُوَ كَالْكَلِمَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ، وَالتَّاءُ ضَمِيرُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ فَاعِلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الضَّمِّ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ، وَالثَّوْبَ: مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ مَنْصُوبٌ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ جَدِيداً حَالٌ مُبَيِّنٌ لِهَيْئَةِ الْمَفْعُولِ بِهِ مَنْصُوبٌ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.

2- Labistu (I wore): A past tense verb built on a fatha estimated on its final letter, the appearance of which is prevented by the occupation of the position by the sukun, which was brought to avoid the undesirable sequence of four vowels in what is effectively a single word; the ta is the first-person pronoun acting as the subject, built on the damma in the place of a nominative; al-thawba (the garment) is the direct object, accusative with the visible fatha as its sign; jadidan (new) is a circumstantial qualifier clarifying the state of the direct object, accusative with the visible fatha as its sign.

أَسْئِلَةٌ: مَا هُوَ الْحَالُ لُغَةً وَاصْطِلَاحاً؟

Questions: What is the circumstantial qualifier (hal) linguistically and terminologically?

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Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 60 nouns)

• لَقِيَ — to meet
• لَبِسَ — to wear
• أَتَى — to come
• جَوَابٌ — answer
• فِعْلٌ — verb
• مَاضٍ — past