Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyya — Sharh al-Ajurrumiyya (التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية) — Page 12

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَالثَّانِي : الْبَاءُ، وَلَا تَخْتَصُّ بِلَفْظٍ دُونَ لَفْظٍ، بَلْ تَدْخُلُ عَلَى الِاسْمِ الظَّاهِرِ، نَحْوُ (بِاللَّهِ لَأَجْتَهِدَنَّ) وَعَلَى الضَّمِيرِ، نَحْوُ «بِكَ لَأَضْرِبَنَّ الْكَسُولَ».

The second is the ba particle. It is not restricted to any specific word, but attaches to both nouns, such as "By Allah, I will strive," and pronouns, such as "By you, I will strike the lazy one."

وَالثَّالِثُ : التَّاءُ، وَلَا تَدْخُلُ إِلَّا عَلَى لَفْظِ الْجَلَالَةِ نَحْوُ (وَتَاللَّهِ لَأَكِيدَنَّ أَصْنَامَكُمْ).

The third is the ta particle, which is used exclusively with the name of Allah, as in "By Allah, I will surely plot against your idols."

أَسْئِلَةٌ : مَا عَلَامَاتُ الِاسْمِ؟

Questions: What are the signs of a noun?

مَا مَعْنَى الْخَفْضِ لُغَةً وَاصْطِلَاحًا؟

What is the linguistic and technical meaning of khafd?

مَا هُوَ التَّنْوِينُ لُغَةً وَاصْطِلَاحًا؟

What is the linguistic and technical meaning of tanwin?

عَلَى أَيِّ شَيْءٍ تَدُلُّ الْحُرُوفُ الْآتِيَةُ مِنَ اللَّامِ، الْكَافِ، رُبَّ، عَنْ، فِي؟

What do the following particles indicate: lam, kaf, rubba, 'an, and fi?

مَا الَّذِي تَخْتَصُّ وَاوُ الْقَسَمِ بِالدُّخُولِ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الْأَسْمَاءِ؟

To which types of nouns does the waw of oath specifically attach?

مَا الَّذِي تَخْتَصُّ تَاءُ الْقَسَمِ بِالدُّخُولِ عَلَيْهِ؟

What does the ta of oath specifically attach to?

مَثِّلْ لِبَاءِ الْقَسَمِ بِمِثَالَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ.

Provide two distinct examples of the ba of oath.

تَمَارِينُ : مَيِّزِ الْأَسْمَاءَ الَّتِي فِي الْجُمَلِ الْآتِيَةِ مَعَ ذِكْرِ الْعَلَامَةِ الَّتِي عَرَفْتَ بِهَا اسْمِيَّتَهَا:

Exercises: Identify the nouns in the following sentences and state the sign that confirms their status as nouns:

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ.

In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ...

[All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds -

إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ تَنْهَى عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنْكَرِ...

Prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing...

وَالْعَصْرِ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَفِي خُسْرٍ...

Indeed, mankind is in loss,

وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ...

Your God is one God...

الرَّحْمَنُ فَاسْأَلْ بِهِ خَبِيرًا...

The Entirely Merciful, so ask one who is expert about Him...

إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ، وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.

My prayer, my rites of sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for Allah, Lord of the worlds. He has no partner. This is what I have been commanded, and I am the first of the Muslims.

عَلَامَاتُ الْفِعْلِ: وَالْفِعْلُ يُعْرَفُ بِقَدْ، وَالسِّينِ وَسَوْفَ وَتَاءِ التَّأْنِيثِ السَّاكِنَةِ.

Signs of the verb: A verb is identified by qad, the sin prefix, sawfa, and the quiescent ta of feminization.

وَأَقُولُ: يَتَمَيَّزُ الْفِعْلُ عَنْ أَخَوَيْهِ الِاسْمِ وَالْحَرْفِ بِأَرْبَعِ عَلَامَاتٍ، مَتَى وَجَدْتَ فِيهِ.

I say: A verb is distinguished from its counterparts, the noun and the particle, by four signs, whenever you find them present.

Vocabulary · المفردات (15 verbs · 57 nouns)

• اِخْتَصَّ — to be restricted to
• دَخَلَ — to be prefixed to
• اِجْتَهَدَ — to strive
• ضَرَبَ — to hit
• كَادَ — to plot
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• مَثَّلَ — to exemplify
• مَيَّزَ — to distinguish
• عَرَفَ — to know
• نَهَى — to forbid
• سَأَلَ — to ask
• أَمَرَ — to command
• قَالَ — to say
• تَمَيَّزَ — to be distinguished
• وَجَدَ — to find
• ثَانِي — second
• بَاء — ba (letter)
• لَفْظ — word
• اسْم — noun
• ظَاهِر — apparent
• ضَمِير — pronoun
• كَسُول — lazy
• ثَالِث — third
• تَاء — ta (letter)
• جَلَالَة — majesty
• صَنَم — idol
• أُسْؤُولَة — question
• عَلَامَة — sign
• مَعْنَى — meaning
• خَفْض — genitive case
• لُغَة — language
• اصْطِلَاح — terminology
• تَنْوِين — nunation
• شَيْء — thing
• حَرْف — letter
• لَام — lam (letter)
• كَاف — kaf (letter)
• وَاو — letter waw
• قَسَم — oath
• دُخُول — entry
• نَوْع — type
• مِثَال — an example
• مُخْتَلِف — different
• تَمْرِين — exercise
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• ذِكْر — mention
• اسْمِيَّة — nominality
• رَحْمَن — merciful
• رَحِيم — compassionate
• حَمْد — praise
• رَبّ — lord
• عَالَم — world
• صَلَاة — prayer
• فَحْشَاء — immorality
• مُنْكَر — evil
• عَصْر — time
• إِنْسَان — human
• خُسْر — loss
• إِلَه — god
• وَاحِد — one
• خَبِير — expert
• نُسُك — rite
• مَحْيَا — life
• مَمَات — death
• شَرِيك — partner
• أَوَّل — first
• مُسْلِم — muslim
• فِعْل — verb
• سِين — sin (letter)
• تَأْنِيث — feminization
• سَاكِن — quiescent
• أَخ — brother