Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyya — Sharh al-Ajurrumiyya (التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية) — Page 102

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْجَوَابُ: إِنَّ: حَرْفُ تَوْكِيدٍ وَنَصْبٍ، يَنْصِبُ الِاسْمَ وَيَرْفَعُ الْخَبَرَ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ: اسْمُ إِنَّ مَنْصُوبٌ بِهِ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، كَانَ فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ نَاقِصٌ، يَرْفَعُ الِاسْمَ وَيَنْصِبُ الْخَبَرَ، وَاسْمُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازاً تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أُمَّةً: خَبَرُ كَانَ مَنْصُوبٌ بِهِ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنْ كَانَ وَاسْمِهِ وَخَبَرِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعِ خَبَرِ «إِنَّ».

The answer: 'Inna' is a particle of emphasis and accusative, which puts the noun in the accusative case and the predicate in the nominative case; 'Ibrahim' is the noun of 'Inna', in the accusative case by it, and the sign of its accusative is the visible fatha; 'kana' is an incomplete past verb, which puts the noun in the nominative case and the predicate in the accusative case, and its noun is a pronoun hidden within it permissibly, estimated as 'he', referring back to Ibrahim; 'ummah' is the predicate of 'kana', in the accusative case by it, and the sign of its accusative is the visible fatha, and the sentence composed of 'kana', its noun, and its predicate is in the position of the nominative case as the predicate of 'Inna'.

كَأَنَّ: حَرْفُ تَشْبِيهٍ وَنَصْبٍ، يَنْصِبُ الِاسْمَ وَيَرْفَعُ الْخَبَرَ، وَالْقَمَرُ: اسْمُ كَأَنَّ مَنْصُوبٌ بِهِ، وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَمِصْبَاحٌ: خَبَرُ كَأَنَّ مَرْفُوعٌ بِهِ، وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.

2- 'Ka'anna' is a particle of comparison and accusative, which puts the noun in the accusative case and the predicate in the nominative case; 'al-qamaru' is the noun of 'ka'anna', in the accusative case by it, and the sign of its accusative is the visible fatha; and 'misbahun' is the predicate of 'ka'anna', in the nominative case by it, and the sign of its nominative is the visible damma.

حَسِبَ: فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى فَتْحٍ مُقَدَّرٍ عَلَى آخِرِهِ مَنَعَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِ اشْتِغَالُ الْمَحَلِّ بِالسُّكُونِ الْعَارِضِ لِدَفْعِ كَرَاهَةِ تَوَالِي أَرْبَعِ مُتَحَرِّكَاتٍ فِيمَا هُوَ كَالْكَلِمَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ، وَالتَّاءُ ضَمِيرُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ فَاعِلُ حَسِبَ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الضَّمِّ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ وَالْمَالَ: مَفْعُولٌ أَوَّلُ لِحَسِبَ مَنْصُوبٌ بِهِ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَنَافِعاً مَفْعُولٌ ثَانٍ لِحَسِبَ مَنْصُوبٌ بِهِ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.

3- 'Hasibtu' is a past verb built upon a fatha estimated on its end, the appearance of which is prevented by the occupation of the position by the incidental sukun to avoid the unpleasantness of having four consecutive vowels in what is like a single word; the 'ta' is the pronoun of the speaker, the subject of 'hasibtu', built upon the damma in the position of the nominative case; 'al-mala' is the first object of 'hasibtu', in the accusative case by it, and the sign of its accusative is the visible fatha; and 'nafi'an' is the second object of 'hasibtu', in the accusative case by it, and the sign of its accusative is the visible fatha.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (9 verbs · 54 nouns)

• نَصَبَ — to make accusative
• رَفَعَ — to make nominative
• كَانَ — to be
• جَوَابٌ — answer
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• تَوْكِيدٌ — emphasis