Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

مَسَاغٌ ذ [ A place of easy entrance or passage for beverage, or food, into the fauces or throat. ― -b2- And hence,] (assumed tropical:) A place of entrance into a land [&c.]; as in a saying cited in the first paragraph of this art., q. v. (TA.) ― -b3- And [hence] one says, هٰذَا لَا أَجِدُ لَهُ مَسَاغًا (tropical:) This, I do not find to it a passage, or an [ easy ] entrance; or a way, or place, of entrance. (TA.)

مُسْتَسَاغٌ ذ : see سَائِغٌ.

1 سَافَ الشَّىْءَ ذ , aor. يَسُوفُ (S, M, Msb) and يَسَافُ, (M,) inf. n. سَوْفٌ; (S, M, K;) and so ↓ ساوفهُ; (M, TA;) and ↓ استافهُ, (M, Msb, K, *) inf. n. اِسْتِيَافٌ; (S;) [and, accord. to Freytag, ↓ سوّفهُ; but he has not named his authority; if correct, probably having an intensive signification;] He smelled the thing. (S, M, Msb.) A poet says, (Msb,) namely, Ru-beh, (S, M,) أَخْلَاقَ الطُّرُقْ ↓ اـِذَا الدَّلِيلُ ا@سْتَافَ [ When the guide smells the natures of the roads to know whether he be pursuing the right course or deviating therefrom]. (S, M, Msb.) ― -b2- [And hence, He hunted. (Freytag, from the Deewán el-Hudhaleeyeen.)] -A2- سَوْفٌ is also Syn. with صَبْرٌ. (IAar, K.) You say, of a man, ساف عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. سَوْفٌ, He endured it with patience. (TK.) -A3- سَافَ, (S, M, O, K,) aor. يَسُوفُ (S, O, K) and يَسَافُ, (O, K,) inf. n. سَوْفٌ, (M,) said of a man, (M,) and of cattle, (مَال, M, O, K,) He, or they, perished, or died: (S, M, O, K:) or, said of cattle, they had a murrain occurring among them. (K.) -A4- [سَافَ expl. by Freytag in this art., as though having for its aor. يَسُوفُ, and meaning He smote a person with a sword, is a mistake, caused by a mistranscription (of سُفْتُهُ for سِفْتُهُ) in art. سيف in some copies of the K.]

2 سوّفهُ ذ , (S, M, K,) or سوّف بِهِ, (Msb,) inf. n. تَسْوِيفٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) He said to him time after time سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ [ I will do such a thing]; (S, Msb, TA;) derived from the particle سَوْفَ: (IJ, M:) and hence, (Msb,) he delayed, or deferred, with him; or put him off with promises; syn. مَطَلَهُ; (S, * Msb, K, TA;) saying سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ; (TA;) or promising to be faithful to his engagement; (Msb;) mostly used in relation to a promise that is not to be fulfilled; as is said by Ibn-Abi1-Hadeed: (MF, TA:) and ↓ ساوفهُ signifies [the same, as is implied in the M, being syn. with ] مَاطِلَهُ: see an ex. in a verse cited voce سَوْفَ, last sentence. (TA.) التَّسْوِيفُ is [also expl. as] Syn. with التَّأْخِيرُ [app. as meaning the postponing, putting off, delaying, or deferring, anything]. (TA.) [And it is implied in art. عظب of the TA that it is Syn. with التَّمْرِينُ and التَّصْبِيرُ: so that you say, سوّفهُ عَلَيْهِ, meaning He inured, or accustomed, him to it; and made him to endure it with patience: see سَافَ عَلَيْهِ, above.] ― -b2- You say also, سَوَّفْتُهُ أَمْرِى, meaning I made him (a man) to have the ordering and deciding of my affair, or case, (S, K,) to do what he would: (S:) and so سَوَّمْتُهُ. (TA.) -A2- See also 1, first sentence.

3 ساوفهُ ذ : see 1: -A2- and 2. -A3- Also i. q. سَارَّهُ [ He spoke, or discoursed, secretly to him or with him; or acquainted him with a secret ]. (K.) ― -b2- And ساوف المَرْأَةَ i. q. ضَاجَعَهَا [ He slept with the woman in, or on, one bed ]. (K.)

4 اساف ذ , (S, M, K,) inf. n. اـِسَافَةٌ, (TA,) said of a man, (S, M,) His cattle perished, or died: (S, K:) or he had murrain occurring among his cattle: so in a verse of Tufeyl, cited voce اِسْتَرْخَى, in art. رخو. (M.) [Hence,] one says, أَسَافَ حتّّى مَايَشْتَكِى السَّوَافَ, (AA, S, Meyd, K,) or السُّوَافَ, (As, Meyd,) [ He had murrain among his cattle until he did not complain of the murrain: ] a prov., (Meyd,) applied to him who has become accustomed to casualties; (S, K;) or to him who has become inured to calamities, (A'Obeyd, Meyd, A,) so that he is not impatient of the vicissitudes of fortune. (A'Obeyd, Meyd.) ― -b2- اساف الوَالِدَانِ The two parents lost their child by his death: in which case, the child is said to be ↓ مُسَافٌ; and his father, ↓ مُسِيفٌ; and his mother, ↓ مِسْيَافٌ. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) -A2- اسافهُ ا@للّٰهُ God destroyed him, or took away his life. (M.) ― -b2- اساف الخَرْزَ i. q. خَرَمَهُ [i. e. He spoiled the sewing of the skin, or hide; as when one uses a thick instrument for sewing or perforating, and a thin thong; or as when one rends two stitch-holes into one ]. (M.) And اساف الخَارِزُ The sewer of a skin, or hide, perforated, or sewed, in such a manner that the two stitch-holes became rent [ into one ]. (A'Obeyd, K.)

8 اـِسْتَوَفَ see 1, first and second sentences.

سَافٌ ذ Any row, or course, (S, M, L, K, TA,) [i. e.] a single row, or course, (Mgh,) of bricks, (S, M, Mgh, L, K, TA,) or (so in the Mgh, but in the TA “ and ”) of clay, (Mgh, TA,) of a wall, (S, Mgh, K, TA,) or in a wall, (TA,) or in a building; (M, L, TA;) as also مِدْمَاكٌ: (TA:) pl. of pauc. اآسُفٌ [formed by transposition, like اآدُرٌ pl. of دَارٌ,] (L,) and سَافَاتٌ: (Mgh:) Lth explains السَّافُ as signifying what is between the سَافَات of the building: its ا is originally و. (TA.) [سَافَةٌ mentioned by Freytag as signifying “ a single series of stones in a wall, ” on the authority of the K, I do not find there, nor in any other lexicon.] -A2- Also A certain bird, that preys. (M.)

سَوْفَ ذ , for which one also says سَفْ, (M, Mughnee, K,) rejecting the medial radical letter, (M, Mughnee,) and سَوْ, (M, Mughnee, K,) rejecting the final radical, (M, Mughnee,) and سَىْ, (M, Mughnee, K,) rejecting the final radical and changing the medial into ى for the purpose of alleviation [of the utterance], (M, Mughnee,) and accord. to the L سَا, (TA,) is a particle, (IJ, M, K,) denoting inception; (K;) or a word denoting تَنْفِيس, (Sb, S, M, K,) i. e. amplification, because it changes the aor. from the strait time, which is the present, to the ample time, which is the future; (Mughnee voce سَ [q. v.];) i. e., denoting تنفيس with respect to that which has not yet happened; (Sb, S, K;) and postponement; (M;) and is used in terrifying and threatening and promising; (IDrd, K;) or it is a word denoting promising or threatening: (Msb:) it is syn. with سَ accord. to some, or has a larger meaning than this latter accord. to others. (Mughnee.) You say, سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ [ I will do such a thing]. (Sb, S.) And one may not introduce a separating word between it and its verb, [except in a case mentioned in what follows,] because it occupies the place of the س in سَيَفْعَلُ [&c.]. (Sb, S.) [But] it is distinct from سَ by its [sometimes] having ل prefixed to it; as in [the phrase in the Kur xciii. 5], وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى [ And thy Lord will give thee, and thou wilt be well pleased ]: (Mughnee:) in this phrase, [however,] the ل is [considered as] pre- fixed to the verb, not to the particle: (M:) or the phrase is elliptical, for لَأَنْتَ سَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ. (Bd.) And it is distinct from سَ in this, that it is sometimes separated [from its verb] by a verb divested of government both as to the letter and the meaning; as in the saying, وَمَا أَدْرِى وَسَوْفَ اـِخَالُ أَدْرِى أَقَوْمٌ اآلُ حِصْنٍ أَمْ نِسَاآءُ [ And I know not, but I shall, I think, know, whether the family of Hisn be a company of men or women ]. (Mughnee.) ― -b2- When you desire to make it a subst., [i. e. to use it as a subst.,] you make it to have tenween [when it is indeterminate]. (IDrd, K.) IDrd cites as an ex., اـِنَّ سَوْفًا وَاـِنَّ لَيْتًا عَنَاآءٌ [ Verily سَوْفَ and verily لَيْتَ are a weariness ]: but one reading is اـِنَّ لَوًّا; and another, اـِنَّ لَيْتًا واـِنَّ لَوًّا; and there is no such reading as اـِنَّ سَوْفًا. (O, TA.) One says also, فُلَانٌ يَقْتَاتُ السَّوْفَ [lit. Such a one feeds upon the word سَوْفَ]; meaning (tropical:) Such a one lives by means of things hoped for: (S, K, TA:) and in like manner, مَا قُوتُهُ اـِلَّا السَّوْفُ [lit. His food is not anything but, or other than, the word سَوْفَ]. (A, TA.) ― -b3- In the following verse of Ibn-Mukbil, cited by Sb, بِسَوْفٍ مِنْ تَحِيَّتِهَا ↓ لَوْ سَاوَفَتْنَا سَوْفَ العَيُوفِ لَرَاحَ الرَّكْبُ قَدْ قَنِعَا [ Had she put us off with a سَوْفَ as part of her greeting, with the putting off even of such as is affected with dislike, the riders had gone contented ], سَوْفَ is put in the accus. case [for مُسَاوَفَةَ, i. e.] as an inf. n. with the augmentation [meaning the augmentative letters] rejected. (M.)

سِيفَةٌ ذ : see مَسَافَةٌ, in two places.

سَوَافٌ ذ The [ cucumber commonly called ] قِثَّاآء [q. v.]: (M, K, TA:) so says AHn, (M, TA,) on the authority of Et-Toosee. (TA.) -A2- See also what next follows.

سُوَافٌ ذ and ↓ سَوَافٌ; with damm accord. to As, and so, he says, all the names of diseases, as نُحَازٌ and دُكَاعٌ and قُلَابٌ and خُمَالٌ [&c.]; accord. to AA, not so, but with fet-h, and in like manner said 'Omárah Ibn-'Akeel; (S;) or none relates it with fet-h except AA, and his relation is nought; (IB;) Disease of cattle, and death thereof: (S:) or each signifies death among mankind and cattle: (M:) or the latter, a mortality, or murrain, among camels; or so the former: or the latter, a mortality among mankind and cattle: (K:) and the former, disease of camels; (AHn, M, K;) and so the latter. (K.) One says, وَقَعَ فِى المَالِ سَوَافٌ [or سُوَافٌ] Death [or a murrain ] happened among the cattle. (S.)

مَسَافٌ ذ The nose: because one smells (يُسَافُ, K, i. e. يُشَمُّ, TA) with it: (K:) so in the Moheet. (TA.) ― -b2- See also مَسَافَةٌ, in two places.

مُسَافٌ ذ A child taken from his parents by death: see 4. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.)

مُسِيفَ ذ A man whose cattle have died. (TA.) ― -b2- And A father having lost his child by death: see 4. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.)

مَسَافَةٌ ذ [properly A place of smelling: ― -b2- and hence,] (tropical:) Distance; (S, K, TA;) and ↓ مَسَافٌ and ↓ سِيفَةٌ signify the same in this sense [or in others here following]: (K:) [ a space, or tract, or an extent, over which one journeys: ] a far-extending tract that one traverses: originally a place of smelling of the guides, in order that they may know whether it be far or near, out of the way or in the right way: (A, TA:) or a [ desert, or such as is termed ] مَفَازَة: (M:) said to be from سَافَ الشَّىْءَ meaning “ he smelled the thing; ” for the guide smells the dust of the place wherein he is; and if he smell the odour of urine and dung of camels, he knows that he [or some other] has traversed it; but otherwise, not: (Msb:) or because the guide, when he is in a desert, (S, M, K,) and has lost his way therein, (M,) smells its dust, (S, M, K,) in order that he may know, (S, K,) or and thus knows, (M,) whether he be in the right way, (S, M, K,) or not: (S, K:) then, by reason of frequency of usage of this word [as meaning “ a place of smelling of the guides ”] it became a term for “ distance: ” (S, K:) pl. مَسَاوِفُ (A, TA) and مَسَافَاتٌ. (Msb.) One says, كَمْ مَسَافَةُ هٰذِهِ الأَرْضِ and ↓ مَسَافُهَا and ↓ سِيفَتُهَا (tropical:) [ How long is the distance, or how much is the extent, of this land? ]. (TA.) And بَيْنَهُمْ مَسَافَةٌ بَعِيدَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [ Between them is a far-extending distance or space ]. (Msb.) And بَيْنَنَا مَسَافَةُ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا (tropical:) [ Between us is the distance, or space, of twenty days ]. (TA.) ― -b3- In the following saying of Dhu-rRummeh, it is doubly tropical: وَأَبْعَدُهُمْ مَسَافَةَ غَوْرِ عَقْلٍ اـِذَا مَا الأَمْرُ ذُو الشُّبُهَاتِ عَالَا (tropical:) (tropical:) [ And the furthest of them in the extent of the depth of intelligence when the affair, or case, in which are dubiousnesses overcomes and is onerous ]. (A, TA.)

مُسَوِّفٌ ذ One who does what he will, [ as though he said time after time سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ,] whom no one will make to turn back. (K.) ― -b2- And, with ة, A woman who will not comply with the desire of her husband when he calls her to his bed, and strives with him to repel him in respect of that which he desires of her, and says سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ: such is said, in a trad., to be cursed. (TA.) ― -b3- Also, with ة, A well (رَكِيَّةٌ) of which one says, Water will be found (سَوْفَ يُوجَدُ) in it: or of which the water is smelt (يُسَافُ), and disliked, and loathed. (Ibn- 'Abbád, Z, K.) ― -b4- And, without ة, Very patient or enduring. (TA.)

مُسْتَافٌ ذ A place of smelling, or that is smelt. (O, K.)

مِسْيَافٌ ذ A mother having lost her child by death: see 4. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.)

اـِنَّهَا لَمُسَاوِفَةٌ لِلسَّيْرِ ذ [app. referring to a she-camel] Verily she is one that has ability for journeying. (M.)

1 سَاقَ المَاشِيَةَ ذ , (S, K,) or النَّعَمَ, (Mgh,) or الدَّابَّةَ, (Msb,) aor. يَسُوقُ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. سَوْقٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and سِيَاقٌ, (S, [so in both of my copies, but it is said in the JK that this latter is used in relation to death, and such is generally the case,]) or سَيَاقٌ, like سَحَابٌ, (TA, [but this I have not found elsewhere, and I doubt its correctness,]) and سِيَاقَةٌ and مَسَاقٌ, (O, K, TA,) He drove the cattle [or the beast ]; he urged the cattle [or the beast ] to go; (Mgh;) and ↓ استاقها signifies the same, (S, K,) as also ↓ اساقها, and ↓ سوّقها; (TA;) or تَسْوِيقٌ, the inf. n. [or this last], signifies the driving well: (KL:) [and accord. to Freytag, ↓ استساق, followed by an accus., signifies the same as سَاقَ as expl. above; but for this he names no authority.] Hence, in the Kur [lxxv. 30], اـِلَى رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ المَسَاقُ (TA) i. e. To thy Lord, and his judgment, on that day, shall be the driving. (Bd, Jel.) And the saying, in a trad., لَاتَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَحْطَانَ يَسُوقُ النَّاسَ بِعَصًاهُ [properly rendered The resurrection, or the hour thereof, shall not come to pass until a man come forth from the tribe of Kahtán driving the people with his staff ], allusive to his having the mastery over them, and their obeying him; the staff being mentioned only to indicate his tyrannical and rough treatment of them. (TA.) [And hence the saying, ساق عَلَىَّ فُلَانًا (assumed tropical:) He urged such a one to intercede for him with me. ] ― -b2- [Hence also,] سَاقَهُ القَدَرُ اـِلَى مَا قُدِّرَ لَهُ (assumed tropical:) [ Destiny drove him, or impelled him, to that which was destined for him ]. (TA.) [And in like manner one says of desire, &c.] ― -b3- And ساق اـِلَى المَرْأَةِ مَهْرَهَا, (K,) or صَدَاقَهَا, (S, Msb,) inf. n. سِيَاقٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اساقهُ; (Msb, K;) (tropical:) He sent to the woman her dowry; (K, TA;) or conveyed it, or caused it to be conveyed, to her; (Msb;) though consisting of dirhems or deenárs; because the dowry, with the Arabs, originally consisted of camels, which are driven. (TA.) And hence, مَاسُقْتَ اـِلَيْهَا, meaning (assumed tropical:) What didst thou give her as her dowry? occurring in a trad.; or, as some related it, مَا سُقْتَ مِنْهَا, i. e. What didst thou give for her, or in exchange for her? (TA.) And ساق اـِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ (assumed tropical:) [ He made, or caused, the thing to go, pass, or be conveyed or transmitted, to him; he sent to him the thing ]. (M and K in art. اتى.) And ساق اـِلَيْهِ خَيْرًا (tropical:) [ He caused good, or good fortune, to betide him ]. (TA.) And ساق لِأَرْضِهِ أَتِيًّا (assumed tropical:) [ He made a rivulet, or a channel for water, to run to his land ], (M in art. اتى.) ― -b4- [Hence likewise,] سَاقَتِ الرِّيحُ السَّحَابَ (tropical:) [ The wind drove along the clouds ]. (S, * TA.) ― -b5- [And ساق الحَدِيثَ, inf. n. سِيَاقٌ and سَوْقٌ and مَسَاقٌ, (tropical:) He carried on the narrative, or discourse. ] You say, فُلَانٌ يَسُوقُ الحَدِيثَ أَحْسَنَ سِيَاقٍ (tropical:) [ Such a one carries on the narrative, or discourse, in the best manner of doing so ]. (Mgh, TA.) And اـِلَيْكَ يُسَاقُ الحَدِيثُ (tropical:) [ To thee as its object the narrative, or discourse, is carried on ]. (TA.) And كَلَامٌ مَسَاقُهُ اـِلَى كَذَا (tropical:) [ Speech whereof the carrying-on is pointed to such a thing ]. (TA.) And جِئْتُكَ بِالحَدِيثِ عَلَى سَوْقِهِ (tropical:) [ I uttered to thee the narrative, or discourse, after the proper manner of the carrying-on thereof ]. (TA.) [In like manner also one says,] ساق الأُمُورَ أَحْسَنَ مَسَاقٍ (assumed tropical:) [ He carried on, or prosecuted, affairs, or the affairs, in the best manner of doing so ]. (A in art. حوذ.) ― -b6- سَوْقُ المَعْلُومِ مَسَاقَ غَيْرِهِ [from ساق الحَدِيثَ expl. above] means (assumed tropical:) The asking respecting that which one knows in the manner of one's asking respecting that which he knows not: a mode of speech implying hyperbole: as when one says, أَوَجْهُكَ هٰذَا أَمْ بَدْرٌ [ Is this thy face or a full moon? ]. (Kull p. 211.) ― -b7- ساق said of a sick man, (K,) and ساق نَفْسَهُ, [app. thus originally,] (Ks, Msb, TA,) and ساق بِنَفْسِهِ, (TA,) aor. يَسُوقُ, (Ks, S, O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. سِيَاقٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) originally سِوَاقٌ, (TA,) and سَوْقٌ (O, K) and سُؤُوقٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He cast forth, or vomited, his soul; (Ks, TA;) he gave up his spirit; or was at the point of death, in the agony of death, or at the point of having his soul drawn forth; (S, O, Msb, TA;) or he began to give up his spirit, or to have his soul drawn forth. (K.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا يَسُوقُ (tropical:) I saw such a one giving up his spirit at death. (S, O, TA.) And رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا بِالسَّوْقِ [or فِى السِّيَاقِ, as in the Msb,] (tropical:) I saw such a one in the act [or agony ] of death; and يُسَاقُ [ having his soul expelled ], inf. n. سَوْقٌ: and اـِنَّ نَفْسَهُ لَتُسَاقُ (tropical:) [ Verily his soul is being expelled ]. (ISh, TA.) -A2- سَاقَهُ, (K,) first pers. سُقْتُهُ, (S,) aor. as above, inf. n. سَوْقٌ, (TA,) also signifies He hit, or hurt, his (another man's, S) سَاق [or shank ]. (S, K.)

2 سوّق ذ , inf. n. تَسْوِيقٌ: see 1, first sentence. ― -b2- سوّق فُلَانًا أَمْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) He made such a one to have the ruling, or ordering, of his affair, or case. (Ibn- 'Abbád, K.) ― -b3- See also 5. -A2- Said of a plant, (TA,) or of a tree, (K,) more properly of the former, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) It had a سَاق [i. e. stem, stock, or trunk ]. (K, TA.)

3 ساوقهُ ذ He vied, or competed, with him, in driving: (K: [in the CK, for فى السَّوْقِ, is put فى السُّوْقِ:]) or he vied, or competed, with him to decide which of them twain was the stronger; from the phrase قَامَتِ الحَرْبُ عَلَى سَاقٍ. (S.) [Hence,] one says بَعِيرٌ يُسَاوِقُ الصَّيْدَ (tropical:) [ A camel that vies with the animals of the chase in driving on, or in strength ]. (JK, Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) ― -b2- مُسَاوَقَةٌ is also syn. with مُتَابَعَةٌ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) The making to be consecutive, or successive, for it is added], as though driving on one another, or as though one portion were driving on another. (TA. [See 6, its quasi-pass.].) ― -b3- [Freytag also assigns to ساوق the meaning of He, or it, followed ( secutus fuit ), as on the authority of the Hamáseh; but without pointing out the page; and it is not in his index of words explained therein.]

4 أَسْوَقَ see 1, in two places. ― -b2- أَسَقْتُهُ اـِبِلًا I made him to drive camels: (K:) or I gave to him camels, to drive them: (S, TA:) or (tropical:) I made him to posses camels. (TA.)

5 تسوّق القَوْمُ ذ The people, or party, [ trafficked in the سُوق, or market; or] sold and bought: (S, TA:) the vulgar say ↓ سَوَّقُوا. (TA.)

6 تساوقت الاـِبِلُ ذ (tropical:) The camels followed one another; (Az, O, Msb, K, TA;) and in like manner one says تَقَاوَدَت; (O, K, * TA;) as though, by reason of their weakness and leanness, some of them held back from others. (TA.) And تساوقت الغَنَمُ (tropical:) The sheep, or goats, pressed, one upon another, (K,) or followed one another, (O,) in going along, (O, K,) as though driving on one another. (O.) [See also 7.] ― -b2- The lawyers say, تساوقت الخِطْبَتَانِ, meaning (tropical:) [ The two demandings of a woman in marriage ] were simultaneous: but [Fei says] I have not found it in the books of lexicology in this sense. (Msb.)

7 انساقت المَاشِيَةُ ذ The cattle went, or went along, being driven; [or as though driven; or drove along; ] quasi-pass. of سَاقَهَا. (S, TA.) And انساقت الاـِبِلُ [has the like signification: or means] (assumed tropical:) The camels became consecutive. (TA. [See also 6.])

8 اـِسْتَوَقَ see 1, first sentence.

10 اـِسْتَسْوَقَ see 1, first sentence.

سَاقٌ ذ The shank; i. e. the part between the knee and the foot of a human being; (Msb;) or the part between the ankle and the knee (K, TA) of a human being; (TA;) the ساق of the human foot: (S, TA:) and [the part properly corresponding thereto, i. e. the thigh commonly so called, and also the arm, of a beast;] the part above the وَظِيف of the horse and mule and ass and camel, and the part above the كُرَاع of the ox-kind and sheep or goat and antelope: (TA:) [it is also sometimes applied to the shank commonly so called, of the hind leg, and, less properly, of the fore leg, of a beast: and to the bone of any of the parts above mentioned: and sometimes, by synecdoche, to the hind leg, and, less properly, to the fore leg also, of a beast: it generally corresponds to ذِرَاعٌ: of a bird, it is the thigh commonly so called: and sometimes the shank commonly so called: and, by synecdoche, the leg: ] it is of the fem. gender: (Msb, TA:) and for this reason, (TA,) the dim. is ↓ سُوَيْقَةٌ: (Msb, TA:) the pl. [of mult.] is سُوقٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and سِيقَانٌ and [of pauc.] أَسْؤُقٌ, (S, O, K,) the و in this last being with ء in order that it may bear the dammeh. (O, K.) A poet says, لِلْفَتَى عَقْلٌ يَعِيشُ بِهِ حَيْثُ تَهْدِى سَاقَهُ قَدَمُهْ meaning The young man has intelligence whereby he lives when his foot directs aright his shank. (IAar, TA.) And one says of a man when difficulty, or calamity, befalls him, كَشَفَ عَنْ سَاقِهِ [lit. He uncovered his shank; meaning (assumed tropical:) he prepared himself for difficulty ]: so says IAmb: and hence, he says, (TA, [in which a similar explanation is cited from ISd also,]) they mention the ساق when they mean to express the difficulty of a case or an event, and to tell of the terror occasioned thereby. (K, TA.) Thus, the saying يَوْمَ يُكْشَفُ عَنْ سَاقٍ, (S, K, TA,) in the Kur [lxviii. 42], (S, TA,) [lit. On a day when a shank shall be uncovered, ] means (assumed tropical:) on a day when difficulty, or calamity, shall be disclosed. (I'Ab, Mujáhid, S, K, TA.) It is like the saying, قَامَتِ الحَرْبُ عَلَى سَاقٍ, (S, TA,) which means (assumed tropical:) The war, or battle, became vehement, (Msb in this art. and in art. حرب,) so that safety from destruction was difficult of attainment: (Id. in art. حرب:) and كَشَفَتِ الحَرْبُ عَنْ سَاقٍ, [as also شَمَّرَتْ عَنْ سَاقِهَا,] i. e. (assumed tropical:) The war, or battle, became vehement. (Jel in lxviii. 42.) And in like manner, وَا@لْتَفَّتِ ا@لسَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ, (K, TA,) in the Kur [lxxv. 29], (TA,) means (assumed tropical:) And the affliction of the present state of existence shall be combined with that of the final state: (K, TA:) or it means when the [one] leg shall be inwrapped with the other leg by means of the grave-clothes. (TA.) One says also, قَامَ القَوْمُ عَلَى سَاقٍ (assumed tropical:) The people or party, became in a state of toil, and trouble, or distress. (TA.) And قَرَعَ لِلْأَمْرِ سَاقَهُ, [originating from one's striking the shin of his camel in order to make him lie down to be mounted; lit. He struck his shank for the affair; ] meaning (assumed tropical:) he prepared himself for the thing, or affair; syn. تَشَمَّرَ: (JK:) or he was, or became, light, or active, and he rose, or hastened, to do the thing; or (assumed tropical:) he applied himself vigorously, or diligently, or with energy, to the thing, or affair; i. q. شَمَّرَ لَهُ [q. v.]; (TA;) or تَجَرَّدَ لَهُ. (A and TA in art. قرع [q. v.: see also ظُنْبُوبٌ, in several places].) [It is also said that] أَوْهَتْ بِسَاقٍ means كِدْتُ أَفْعَلُ [i. e. I nearly, or almost, did what I purposed: but this explanation seems to have been derived only from what here, as in the TA, immediately follows]: Kurt says, describing the wolf, وَلٰكِنِّى رَمَيْتُكَ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ فَلَمْ أَفْعَلْ وَقَدْ أَوْهَتْ بِسَاقِ [i. e., app., But I shot at thee from afar, and I did not what I purposed, though it (the shot, الرَّمْيَةُ, I suppose, being meant to be understood,) maimed a shank: which virtually means, though I nearly did what I purposed: the poet, I assume, says اوهت بساق for the sake of the measure and rhyme, for أَوْهَتْ سَاقًا: see what is said, in the explanations of the preposition بِ, respecting the phrase وَا@مْسَحُوا بِرُؤُآسِكُمْ]. (TA.) ― -b2- By a secondary application, سَاقٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) [ A greave; i. e.] a thing that is worn on the ساق [or shank ] of the leg, made of iron or other material. (Mgh.) ― -b3- Also (tropical:) [The stem, stock, or trunk, i. e.] the part between the أَصْل [here meaning root, or foot, (though it is also syn. with ساق in the sense in which the latter is here explained,)] and the place where the branches shoot out; (TA;) or the support; (Msb;) or the جِذْع; (S, K;) of a tree, or shrub: (S, Msb, K, TA:) pl. [of mult.] سُوقٌ (Msb, TA) and سُوقٌ and سُوُوقٌ and سُؤُوقٌ and [of pauc.] أَسْوُقٌ and أَسْؤُقٌ. (TA.) It is related in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, that a man said, I applied to him to decide in a litigation with the son of my brother, and began to overcome him therein; whereupon he said, Thou art like as Aboo-Duwád says, أَنَّى أُتِيحَ لَهُ حِرْبَاآءُ تَنْضُبَةٍ لَا يُرْسِلُ السَّاقَ اـِلَّا مُمْسِكًا سَاقَا [ Whencesoever, or however, a preparation is made for him, to catch him, he is like a chameleon of a tree of the kind called تَنْضُب, he will not loose the stem thereof unless grasping a stem ]: he meant that no plea of his came to nought but he clung to another; likening him to the chameleon, which places itself facing the sun, and ascends half-way up the tree, or shrub, then climbs to the branches when the sun becomes hot, then climbs to a higher branch, and will not loose the former until it grasps the other. (O, TA. *) ― -b4- [Hence, perhaps, as it seems to be indicated in the O,] one says, وَلَدَتْ فُلَانَةُ ثَلَاثَةَ بَنِينَ عَلَى سَاقٍ, (K, [in the copies of which, however, I find ثَلَاثَ put for ثَلَاثَةَ,]) or عَلَى سَاقٍ وَاحِدٍ, (S,) or وَاحِدَةٍ, (O,) i. e. (tropical:) Such a [...]

سَوْقٌ ذ : see سِيَاقٌ.

سُوقٌ ذ [ A market, mart, or fair; ] a place in which commerce is carried on; (ISd, Msb, TA;) a place of articles of merchandise: (Mgh, TA:) so called because people drive their commodities thither: (TA:) [in the S unexplained, and in the K only said to be well-known:] of the fem. gender, and masc., (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) the former in the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz, and the latter in that of Temeem, (S and Msb voce زُقَاقٌ, q. v.,) the former the more chaste, or the making it masc. is a mistake: (Msb:) pl. أَسْوَاقٌ: (TA:) the dim. is ↓ سُوَيْقَةٌ [with ة, confirming the opinion of those who hold سُوقٌ to be only fem.]: also signifying merchandise, syn. تِجَارَةٌ; as in the phrase, جَاءَتْ سُوَيْقَةٌ [ Merchandise came ]. (TA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] سُوقُ الحَرْبِ (tropical:) The thickest, or most vehement part (حَوْمَة) of the fight; (S, K, TA;) and so الحَرْبِ ↓ سُوقَةُ; i. e. the midst thereof. (TA.)

سَوَقٌ ذ Length of the shanks: (S, K:) or beauty thereof: (K:) or it signifies also beauty of the shank. (S.)

سَاقَةٌ ذ (tropical:) The rear, or hinder part, of an army: (S, Mgh, K, TA:) pl. of ↓ سَائِقٌ; being those who drive on the army from behind them, and who guard them: (TA:) or as though pl. of سَائِقٌ, like as قَادَةٌ is of قَائِدٌ. (Mgh.) And hence, سَاقَةُ الحَاجِّ (tropical:) [ The rear of the company of pilgrims ]. (TA.)

سُوقَةٌ ذ (assumed tropical:) A subject, and the subjects, of a king; (K, TA;) so called because driven by him; (TA;) contr. of مَلِكٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb;) whether practising traffic or not: (Mgh:) not meaning of the people of the أَسْوَاق [or markets], as the vulgar think; (Msb;) for such are called سُوقِيُّونَ, sing. سُوقِىٌّ: (Ham p. 534:) it is used alike as sing. and pl. (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and dual (Mgh, Msb) and masc. and fem.: (S, K:) but sometimes it has سُوَقٌ for its pl. (S, K.) -A2- سُوقَةُ الطُّرْثُوثِ [in the CK, erroneously, التُّرْثُوثِ] The part of the [ plant called ] طرثوث that is below the نِكْعَة [or نَكَعَة or نُكَعَة, which is the head from the top to the extent of a finger, or the flower at the head thereof ]; (O, K;) sweet and pleasant: so says Ibn-' Abbád: (O:) AHn says [of the طرثوث], it is like the penis of the ass, and there is no part of it more pleasant, nor sweeter, than its سوقة; which is in some instances long; and in some, short. (TA.) -A3- See also سُوقٌ, last sentence.

سُوقِىٌّ ذ [ Of, or relating to, the سُوق, or market ]. Its pl., سُوقِيُّونَ, means The people of the سُوق (Ham p. 534.) ― -b2- [Hence,] أَدِيمٌ سُوقِىٌّ A skin, or hide, prepared, or dressed; in a good state: or not prepared or dressed: it is ascribed to the vulgar: and there is a difference of opinion respecting it: the second [explanation, or meaning,] is that which is commonly known. (TA.)

سَوِيقٌ ذ Meal of parched barley (شَعِير), or of [ the species thereof, or similar grain, called ] سُلْت, likewise parched; and it is also of wheat; but is mostly made of barley (شعير); (MF, TA;) what is made of wheat or of barley; (Msb, TA;) well known: (S, Msb, K, TA:) [it is generally made into a kind of gruel, or thick ptisan, being moistened with water, or clarified butter, or fat of a sheep's tail, &c.; (see لَتَّ;) and is therefore said (in the Msb in art. حسو and in the KT voce أَكْلٌ, &c.,) to be supped, or sipped, not eaten: but it is likewise thus called when dry; and in this state is taken in the palm of the hand and conveyed to the mouth, or licked up: (see حَافّق, and قَمِحَ:) it is also made of other grains beside those mentioned above; and of several mealy fruits; of the fruit of the Theban palm; (see حَتِىٌّ;) and of the carob; (see خَرُّوبٌ;) &c.: ] it is also, sometimes, with ص: so says IDrd in the Jm: and he adds, I think it to be of the dial. of Benoo-Temeem: it is peculiar to that of Benul-' Ambar: (O, TA:) the n. un. [meaning a portion, or mess, thereof ] is with ة: (AAF, TA in art. جش:) and the pl. is أَسْوِقَةٌ. (TA.) ― -b2- And Wine: (AA, K:) also called سَوِيقُ الكَرْمِ. (AA, TA.)

سِيَاقٌ ذ [an inf. n. of 1 (q. v.) in several senses. ― -b2- As a subst., properly so termed,] (tropical:) A dowry, or nuptial gift; (K, TA;) as also ↓ سَوْقٌ [which is likewise originally an inf. n.: see 1]. (TA.) ― -b3- [Also, as a subst. properly so termed, (assumed tropical:) The following part of a discourse &c.; opposed to سِبَاقٌ: you say سِبَاقُ الكَلَامِ وَسِيَاقُهُ (assumed tropical:) the preceding and following parts of the discourse; the context, before and after: see, again 1. And (assumed tropical:) The drift, thread, tenour, or scope, of a discourse &c.]

سُوَيْقَةٌ ذ dim. of سَاقٌ, q. v.: (Msb, TA:) -A2- and of سُوقٌ, also, q. v. (TA.)

سَوَّاقٌ ذ : see سَائِقٌ. -A2- Also A seller, and a maker, of سَوِيق. (Mgh.)

سُوَّاقٌ ذ Long in the سَاق [or shank ]. (AA, K. [See also أَسْوَقُ.]) ― -b2- And (assumed tropical:) Having a سَاق [or stem ]; applied to a plant. (Ibn-Abbád, K.) ― -b3- And (assumed tropical:) The طَلْع [or spadix ] of a palm-tree, when it has come forth, and become a span in length. (K.)

سَائِقٌ ذ [ Driving, or a driver; ] the agent of the verb in the phrase سَاقَ المَاشِيَةَ: as also ↓ سَوَّاقٌ (S, K) in an intensive sense [as meaning Driving much or vehemently, or a vehement driver ]: (S, TA:) pl. of the former سَاقَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ, in the Kur [l. 20], is said to mean Having with it a driver to the place of congregation [ for judgment ] and a witness to testify against it of its works: (TA:) i. e. an angel driving it, and another angel testifying of its works: or an angel performing both of these offices: or a writer of evil deeds and a writer of good deeds: or its own person, or its consociate [ devil ], and its members, or its works. (Bd.)

سَيِّقٌ ذ , [originally سَيوِْقٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Clouds (سَحَابٌ, AZ, As, S, K) driven by the wind, (AZ, As, S,) containing no water, (AZ, S, K,) or whether containing water or not. (As.)

سَيِّقَةٌ ذ , [a subst. formed from the epithet سَيِّقٌ by the affix ة,] originally سَيْوِقَةٌ, (TA,) Beasts (دَوَابّ) driven by the enemy; (S, K;) like وَسِيقَةٌ: so in a verse cited voce جَبَأَ: (S:) or a number of camels, of a tribe, driven away together, or attacked by a troop of horsemen and driven away. (Z, TA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] one says, المَرْءُ سَيِّقَةُ القَدَرِ (assumed tropical:) [ Man, or the man, is the impelled of destiny ]; i. e. destiny drives him to that which is destined for him, and will not pass him by. (TA.) ― -b3- سَيِّقَةٌ signifies also An animal by means of which [in the O بِهَا for which فِيهَا is erroneously put in the K,] the sportsman conceals himself, and then shoots, or casts, at the wild animals: (O, K:) like قَيِّدَةٌ: (A in art. قود:) said by Th to be a she-camel [ used for that purpose ]: (TA:) [so called because driven towards the objects of the chase: see دَرِيْئَةٌ:] pl. سَيَائِقُ. (K.) [See also مِسْوَقٌ.]

أَسْوَقُ ذ A man (S, * TA) long in the shanks: (S, K: [see also سُوَّاقٌ:]) or thick in the shanks: (IDrd, TA:) or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (S,) beautiful in the shank or shanks, (S, K,) applied to a man: and so سَوْقَاآءُ applied to a woman: (S:) Lth explains the latter as meaning a woman having plump shanks, with hair. (TA.)

اـِسَاقَةٌ ذ (Lth, O, K, in the CK اَسَاقة,) The strap of the horse's strirrup. (Lth, O, K.)

بَعِيرٌ مِسْوَقٌ ذ , (JK, O, and TA as from the Tekmileh,) or مُسْوِقٌ, like مُحْسِنٌ, (K, [but this I think to be a mistake,]) means الَّذِى يُسَاوقُ الصَّيْدَ [i. e. (tropical:) A camel that vies with the animals of the chase in driving on, or in strength ]; (JK, O, K;) so says Ibn-' Abbád: (O:) accord. to the L, a camel by means of which one conceals himself from the animals of the chase, to circumvent them. (TA. [See also سَيِّقَةٌ, last signification.])

[ مِسْوَقَةٌ ذ A staff, or stick, with which cattle are driven: pl. مَسَاوِقُ: perhaps post-classical.]

مُنْسَاقٌ ذ i. q. تَابِعٌ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) A follower, or servant; as though driven]. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) ― -b2- And (assumed tropical:) A relation; syn. قَرِيبٌ. (Ibn- ' Abbád, O, K.) ― -b3- And عَلَمٌ مُنْسَاقٌ (assumed tropical:) A mountain extending along the surface of the earth. (Ibn- ' Abbád, O, K *)

1 سَاكَ الشَّىْءَ ذ , (IDrd, O, Msb, K,) aor. يَسُوكُ, inf. n. سُوْكٌ, (IDrd, O, Msb,) He rubbed the thing, or rubbed it well. (IDrd, O, Msb, K.) ― -b2- See also 2. -A2- And see 6.