Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

غَلَثٌ ذ What is mixed: as wheat mixed with barley. (Msb.) [In the present day, it is used as signifying What is mixed with wheat &c., of those things that are taken forth and thrown away; like عَلَثٌ. See also غَلِيثٌ.] ― -b2- [And its pl.] أَغْلَاثٌ is mentioned by Aboo-Ziyád El-Kilá- bee as a term applied to Several sorts of plants, (O, TA,) not بَقْل nor حَمْض nor عِضَاه, (O,) among which are the عِكْرِش and حَلْفَاآء and حَاج and يَنْبُوت and لَصَف and عِشْرِق and سَنَا and أَسَل and بَرْدِىّ and حَنْظَل and تَنُّوم and خِرْوَع (O, TA) &c. (O.) [See also عَلَثٌ.]

غَلِثٌ ذ and ↓ مُغَالِثٌ (S, O, K, TA) and ↓ غَالِثٌ (TA) A man who fights vehemently, (S, O, K, TA,) cleaving to him whom he pursues [ for bloodrevenge or the like: see عَلِثٌ]. (TA.) ― -b2- And the first, Possessed, or insane. (O, K.) ― -b3- And One in whom is an odour arising from food and wine or beverage, and an inclining of the body from side to side, and a languor, or languidness, from drowsiness. (O, K.)

غُلْثَةٌ ذ : see 8.

غَلْثَى ذ A certain bitter tree, (K, TA,) with which one tans; mentioned by Kr: (TA:) or, accord. to Az, a certain tree, the fruit of which, if given to beasts of prey, or to vultures, kills them. (O.) ― -b2- See also the next paragraph.

غَلِيثٌ ذ and ↓ مَغْلُوثٌ Mixed. (S, O.) Wheat (S, O, K) mixed, (S, O,) or adulterated, (K,) with barley; (S, O, K;) as also عَلِيثٌ. (AZ, TA in art. علث.) ― -b2- Also, the first, (Msb,) and second, (S, O, Msb,) Wheat mixed with pieces of dry clay and with [ the weed called ] زُؤَان [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb.) ― -b3- And the first, [as also عَلِيثٌ,] Bread made of barley and wheat. (S, O.) ― -b4- And Food having poison mixed with it, by which vultures are killed; (O, K, TA;) as also ↓ غَلْثَى, (O and TA in art. علث,) and عَلْثَى; (TA in that art.;) and so لَغِيثٌ. (O.)

غَالِثٌ ذ : see غَلِثٌ.

مُغَلِّثٌ ذ A moderate pain, that does not cause the patient to lie on his side, and of which the source is not known. (L.) [See also 2 in this art. and in art. علث.]

مَغْلُوثٌ ذ : see غَلِيثٌ. ― -b2- Also A [skin such as is termed] سِقَاآء tanned with dried dates (تَمْر), or with [ unripe dates in the state in which they are termed ] بُسْر. (ISk, S, K.) [But see عَلَثَ السِّقَاآءَ, in art. علث.]

مُغَالِثٌ ذ : see غَلِثٌ.

2 غلّس ذ , (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَغْلِيسٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He, or it, (a company of men, Msb, K,) journeyed in the غَلَس, or darkness of the last part of the night: (S, K:) or went forth in the غَلَس. (Mgh, Msb.) ― -b2- غلّسوا, (K,) or غلّسوا المَاآءَ, (S,) They came to the water in the غَلَس, or darkness of the last part of the night, (S, K,) or beginning of daybreak: and in like manner you say of birds of the kind called قَطًا, and of [wild] asses. (TA.) ― -b3- غلّس بِالصَّلَاةِ He performed the prayer [ of daybreak ] in the غَلَس. (S, * Mgh, Msb.)

4 اغلس ذ He, or it, (a company of men, K,) entered upon the غَلَس, or darkness of the last part of the night. (A, K.)

غَلَسٌ ذ The darkness of the last part of the night, (S, A, Msb, K,) when it becomes mixed with the light of the dawn: (TA:) or the beginning of the dawn, until it spreads in the tracts of the horizon: as also غَبَسٌ: both signify blackness mixed with whiteness and redness; like the dawn. (Az, TA.) بِغَلَسٍ In a period of the darkness so called. (S, Msb, K.) [See also غَبَشٌ.]

غَلِيسٌ ذ , (Sgh, K,) or غُلَيْسٌ, (JK,) a proper name for An ass; [meaning a wild ass; ] (JK, Sgh, K;) because he is أَغْلَس in colour. (JK.)

أَغْلَسُ ذ [ Of the colour termed غَلَسٌ; i. e., black mixed with whiteness and redness: see غَلِيسٌ]. (JK.)

وَقَعَ فِى تُغُلِّسَ ذ , (TA, and so in a copy of the S,) or فِى وَادِى تُغُلِّسَ, (K, TA, and so in another copy of the S,) and تُغَلِّسَ, (TA,) imperfectly decl., like تُخُيِّبَ (S, K) and تُهُلِّكَ, (K,) He fell into calamity, (AZ, S, TA,) or into an abominable calamity, (K, TA,) and that which was vain, unreal, nought, or the like: (AZ, S, TA:) originating from the fact that غَارَات [or hostile, or predatory, incursions] (K, TA) generally (TA) took place early, بِغَلَسٍ. (K, TA.)

Q. 1 غَلْصَمَهُ ذ , (S, TA,) inf. n. غَلْصَمَةٌ, (K, TA,) He cut, or severed, his غَلْصَمَة [here app. meaning larynx, or upper part of the windpipe: compare حَلْقَمَهُ]. (S, K, * TA.) ― -b2- And He took hold of, or laid hold upon, or seized, his غَلْصَمَة [here, likewise, app. meaning as expl. above: see the pass. part. n., below]. (K, TA.)

غَلْصَمٌ ذ : see the next paragraph.

الغَلْصَمَةُ ذ [ The epiglottis: and also, app. by extension of the primary signification, the larynx, or upper part of the windpipe: ] the thing that rises up in the uppermost part of the throat, and is said to throw the meat and drink into the œsophagus, or gullet: (Zj, in his “ Khalk-el-Insán: ”) the piece of flesh [or cartilage ] that is between the head and the neck: or the عُجْرَة [or projecting thing ] that is upon the place where the uvula and gullet meet: (K:) or [by an extended application] the head of the حُلْقُوم [or windpipe ], (S, Msb, K,) with its [ ducts called ] شَوَارِب [q. v. voce شَارِبٌ] and its حَرْقَدَة [app. meaning pomum Adami ]; (K;) i. e. the projecting place [or part ] in the حَلْق [here app. meaning, as it does in many cases, throat ]: (S, Msb:) or the root, or base, of the tongue: (K:) or the place where the حُلْقُوم [or windpipe, i. e. the head thereof, ] becomes in conjunction with the حَلْق [or fauces ] when the eater swallows a mouthful and it descends from [ over ] the حُلْقُوم: (TA:) pl. غَلَاصِمُ. (Msb.) ― -b2- Also (assumed tropical:) The chiefs, lords, nobles, or men of distinction: and the congregated or collective body [of a people], or the mass [thereof]; syn. الجَمَاعَةُ: (K:) pl. as above. (TA.) And [hence] one says, هُوَ فِى غَلْصَمَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ i. e. فِى شَرَفٍ وَعَدَدٍ [meaning (assumed tropical:) He is among ( such as are distinguished by ) nobility and number, of his people ], (ISk, K, TA,) [or] meaning, accord. to As, he is among the chief portion of his people, and the nobility thereof: (TA:) [and in the same sense ↓ غَلْصَم is used, without ة, but perhaps only by poetic license:] Abu-n-Nejm says, أَبِى لُجَيْمٌ وَا@سْمُهُ مِلْءُ الفَمِ فِى غَلْصَمِ الهَامِ وَهَامِ غَلْصَمِ [(assumed tropical:) My father is, or was, Lujeym, and his fame (a tropical rendering) is what fills the mouth; one among the chief portion and the nobility of the headmen, and among headmen of a chief portion and of nobility ]. (TA.)

مُغَلْصَمٌ ذ pass. part. n. of Q. 1. ― -b2- مُغَلْصَمَاتٌ means Women having the necks bound. (K, TA.) A poet says, غَدَاةَ عَهِدْتُهُنَّ مُغَلْصَمَاتٍ لَهُنَّ بِكُلِّ مَحْنِيَةٍ لَحِيمُ [ In the morning when I met with them having their necks bound, (app. as captives,) they having in every bend of a valley or the like some one slain ]. (TA.)

1 غَلِطَ ذ , (S, Msb, K,) aor. غَلَطَ , (S, K,) inf. n. غَلَطٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and أُغْلُوطَةٌ, (JK,) He made a mistake; committed an error; or missed, or erred from, the right way or mode or manner: (Msb:) or he was unable to find the right way, (JK, M, K,) and knew it not: (M, K:) in an affair; (S;) in anything; (JK;) in reckoning, or computation, &c.: (K:) or in his speech, (S, Msb, K,) in particular; (K;) and غَلِتَ in reckoning, or computation: (S, and so in some copies of the K:) but some of the Arabs make these two verbs to be syn. dial. variants. (S.)

2 غلّطهُ ذ , (Msb,) inf. n. تَغْلِيطٌ, (S, K,) He said to him غَلِطْتَ [ Thou hast made a mistake, &c.]: (S, Msb, K:) or he attributed or imputed to him the having made a mistake. (Msb.) ― -b2- See also 4.

3 غالطهُ ذ , inf. n. مُغَالَطَةٌ (S, K) and غِلَاطٌ, (K,) [ He vied, or contended, with him, each endeavouring to cause the other to make a mistake: a signification well known, indicated in the TA, and agreeable with modern usage.]

4 اغلطهُ ذ , (S, TA,) inf. n. اـِغْلَاطٌ, (TA,) He caused him to fall into the making of a mistake; (S, * TA;) as also ↓ غلّطهُ, inf. n. تَغْلِيطٌ. (TA.)

غَلَطٌ ذ [an inf. n. used as a simple subst., Mistake; error; in speech; or in that and also in reckoning, or computation, &c.;] has for its pl. أَغْلَاطٌ; and ISd says, “ I see that IJ has made غِلَاطٌ its pl.; but I know not the reason of that. ” (TA.) ↓ مَغْلَطَةٌ also signifies the same in the saying, وَقَعَ فُلَانٌ فِى المَغْلَطَةِ [ Such a one fell into mistake, or error ]. (TA.) ― -b2- See also مَغْلُوطٌ.

[ غَلْطَةٌ ذ A single mistake, or error, in speech, or in speech &c.: pl. غَلَطَاتٌ.]

رَجُلٌ غَلْطَانُ ذ [ A man making a mistake, or committing an error, in speech, or in speech &c.]. (TA.)

غَلُوطٌ ذ : see مِغْلَاطٌ: ― -b2- and see also أُغْلُوطَةٌ.

غَلُوطَةٌ ذ : see أُغْلُوطَةٌ.

غَلَّاطٌ ذ : see مِغْلَاطٌ.

أُغْلُوطَةٌ ذ (S, K) and ↓ غَلُوطَةٌ and ↓ مَغْلَطَةٌ (K) A question by which one causes to fall into the making of a mistake: (S:) or كَلَامٌ يُغْلَطُ فِيهِ [which may be rendered both language in which one makes a mistake, and language in which one is caused to fall into a mistake ]: (K:) and all, (K.) or the first and second, (TA,) also signify a question by which a person. (K, * TA,) a man of learning, (TA,) is vied, or contended, with, in the endeavour to cause him to make a mistake, (K, TA,) in order that he may become lowered: and by which his judgment, or opinion, is sought to be made erroneous: (TA:) you say, ↓ مَسْأَلَةٌ غَلُوطٌ; but when you make the latter word a subst., you add the ة: (El-Khattábee:) the pl. of أُغْلُوطَةٌ is أُغْلُوطَاتٌ and أَغَالِيطُ (S) and غَلُوطَاتٌ, which is formed from the first of these pls. by the suppression of the hemzeh, and is not, as some have said, pl. of غَلُوطَةٌ. (Hr.) Mohammad forbade أُغْلُوطَات, (S, TA,) or غَلُوطَات, (TA.) because they are unprofitable with respect to religion, and there is scarely, or never, in them aught save what is unprofitable. (El-'Otbee, TA.)

مَغْلَطَةٌ ذ [properly, or originally, A cause of falling into mistake: similar to مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ &c.]: see أُغْلُوطَةٌ: ― -b2- and غَلَطٌ.

مَغْلَطَانِىٌّ ذ One who vies, or contends, with others, endeavouring to cause them to make mistakes in their reckoning, or computation. (TA.)

مُغَلَّطٌ ذ : see مَغْلُوطٌ.

مِغْلَاطٌ ذ One who makes mistakes, or commits errors, much, or frequently; expl. by كَثِيرُ الغَلَطِ; (K;) as also ↓ غلَّاطٌ (TA) and ↓ غَلُوطٌ. (O in art. غلت.)

مَغْلُوطٌ ذ A book, or writing, having a mistake, or mistakes, made in it; and in like manner, a reckoning, or computation, as also ↓ غَلَطٌ and ↓ مُغَلَّطٌ. (TA.)

1 غَلُظَ ذ , aor. غَلُظَ ; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) and غَلَظَ, aor. غَلِظَ ; (Sgh, K;) inf. n. [of the former] غِلَظٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ↓ غِلَاظَةٌ and ↓ غِلْظَةٌ (S, * O, K, * TK) and ↓ غُلْظَةٌ and ↓ غَلْظَةٌ, (O, K, * TK,) all are inf. ns. of غَلُظَ, (O,) or the last three, the second and third of which are mentioned in the Bári', on the authority of IAar, are simple substs.; (Msb;) and perhaps غَلْظٌ may be an inf. n. [of the latter verb]; (ISd, TA;) It (a thing, Msb) was, or became, thick, gross, big, bulky, or coarse; (Mgh, Msb, K;) it (a thing) became غلِّيظ; as also ↓ استغلظ. (S.) You say, غَلُظَ جِسْمُهُ His body was, or became, thick, &c. (Mgh.) And الزَّرْعُ ↓ استغلظ i. q. غَلُظَ, (Jel in xlviii. 29,) The seed-produce became thick: (Bd:) or strong: (Msb:) or well grown and thick: and in like manner one says of any plant or tree: (TA:) and غَلُظَتِ السُّنْبُلَةُ, and ↓ استغلظت, the ear of corn produced grain. (K.) [And غَلْظَ الثَّوْبُ The garment, or piece of cloth, was thick, or coarse. ] And غَلُظَتِ الأَرْضُ, inf. n. غِلَظٌ, and perhaps غَلْظٌ may be also an inf. n. [of this verb, or, more probably, of غَلَظَت], The land was, or became, rough, or rugged. (ISd. TA.) [In this sense, also, غَلُظَ is used in relation to various things.] ― -b2- [Said of a colour, It was dense, or deep: see غَلِيظٌ.] ― -b3- Also (tropical:) He was, or became, characterized by غِلْظَة, the contr. of رِقَّة, in manners, disposition, action or conduct, speech, life, and the like; (TA;) i. e., rough; coarse; rude; unkind; hard; churlish; uncivil; surly; hard to deal with; incompliant; unobsequious; evil in disposition; illnatured; or the like (S, by its explanation of غِلْظَةٌ and غِلَاظَةٌ; and Msb: *) and in like manner, [as meaning it was, or became, hard, or difficult, and the like, (see غَلِيظٌ,)] it is said of an affair: (TA:) and ↓ تغلّظ is said of a crime; meaning it was gross, or great; but this is accord. to analogy only; not on the authority of hearsay. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur [ix. 74, and lxvi. 9], وا@غْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ And use thou roughness towards them: (Bd in lxvi. 9:) and some read وَا@غْلِظْ, with kesr to the ل. (TA.) [See also غِلْظَةٌ, below.]

2 غلّظ الشَّىْءَ ذ , inf. n. تَغْلِيظٌ, He made, or rendered, the thing غَلِيظ [in the proper sense, i. e., thick, gross, big, bulky, or coarse; &c.: ― -b2- and also, and more commonly, in a tropical sense, i. e., (tropical:) hard, or difficult, and the like ]: (TA:) and غلّظ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. as abuse, (tropical:) [ he made the thing hard, or difficult, or the like, to him; ] and hence دِيَةٌ مَغَلَّظَةٌ, which see below. (S, TA,) [Hence also,] غَلَّظْتُ اليَمِينَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) I made the oath strong, or forcible; I confirmed, or ratified, it: (Msb;) [and so ↓ أَغْلَظْتُهَا; for you say,] حَلَفَ بِاـِغْلَاظِ اليَمِينِ (tropical:) [ He swore, making the oath strong, &c.]. (TA.) And غَلَّظْتُ عَلَيْهِ فِى اليَمِينِ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) I was hard, rigorous, or severe, to him in the oath. (Msb.) ― -b3- تَغْلِيظٌ in pronunciation: see تَفْخِيمٌ.

3 مُغَالَظَةٌ ذ is similar to مُعَارَضَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [The act of mutually opposing, and app. with roughness, coarseness, or the like ]: (TA:) and signifies a state of mutual enmity or hostility. (IDrd, K.) See غِلْظَةٌ, below, last sentence.

4 اغلظ الثَّوْبَ ذ He found the garment, or piece of cloth, to be thick, or coarse: (K:) or he bought it thick, or coarse: (S, K:) the former is the more correct: (O:) or the former only is correct. (TS.) ― -b2- اغلظت اليَمِينَ: see 2. -A2- اغلظ [is also intrans., and signifies] He (a man, Ibn-'Abbád) alighted, or alighted and abode, in a rough, or rugged, tract of land. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) ― -b2- اغلظ لَهُ فِى القَوْلِ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) (tropical:) He was, or became, rough, harsh, coarse, rude, uncivil, or ungentle, to him in speech: (Mgh, Msb, K:) one should not say غلّظ. (TA.)

5 تَغَلَّظَ see 1, near the end.

استغلظ ذ : see 1, in three places. -A2- استغلظهُ He saw it to be, regarded it as, or esteemed it, thick, gross, big, bulky, or coarse. (Msb.) He abstained from purchasing it (namely a garment, or piece of cloth, S) because of its thickness, or coarseness. (S, K.)

غَلْظٌ ذ Rough, or rugged, land or ground; (ISd, K;) mentioned on the authority of Ibn-'Abbád; and by AHn, on the authority of En-Nadr; but it has been repudiated: and is said to be correctly ↓ غِلَظٌ: ISd says, of the former word, “ I know not whether it be [properly] syn. with غَلِيظٌ, or whether it be an inf. n. used as an epithet: ” accord. to Kr, it signifies hard land without stones: Ks says that غَلْظٌ is syn. with ↓ غِلَظٌ. (TA.)

غِلَظٌ ذ : [see 1: ― -b2- and] see غَلْظٌ, in two places.

غَلْظَةٌ ذ : see what next follows.

غُلْظَةٌ ذ : see what next follows.

غِلْظَةٌ ذ and ↓ غُلْظَةٌ and ↓ غَلْظَةٌ: see 1: these three forms are mentioned by Zj, (TA,) and in the Bári', (Msb, TA,) on the authority of IAar, (Msb,) and by Sgh; but the first of them [only] is commonly known: (TA:) they are substs. from غَلُظَ; and signify Thickness, grossness, bigness, bulkiness, or coarseness. (Msb.) [And Roughness, or ruggedness. ] ― -b2- Also (tropical:) Contr. of رِقَّةٌ, in manners, disposition, action or conduct, speech, life, and the like; (TA;) i. e. roughness, coarseness, rudeness, unkindness, hardness, churlishness, incivility, surliness, roughness in manners, hardness to deal with, incompliance, unobsequiousness, evilness of disposition, illnature, or the like: (S, Msb: *) and in like manner, hardness, or difficulty, of an affair. (TA, as shown by an explanation of غَلِيظٌ.) You say, رَجُلٌ فِيهِ غِلْظَةٌ (tropical:) A man in whom is roughness, coarseness, rudeness, &c.; (S, Msb; *) as also ↓ غِلَاظَةٌ. (S.) And it is said in the Kur [ix. 124], وَلْيَجِدُوا فِيكُمْ غِلْظَةٌ, in which the last word is pronounced in the three different ways shown above, accord. to different readers; meaning (tropical:) [ And let them find in you ] hardness, or strength, or vehemence, and superiority in fight: (TA:) or hardness, or strength, or vehemence, and patient endurance of fight: (Bd:) or hardness, or strength, or vehemence, in enmity and in fight and in making captives. (Mgh.) And you say, بَيْنَهُمَا غِلْظَةٌ (tropical:) Between them two is enmity, or hostility; as also ↓ مُغَالَظَةٌ. (IDrd, K.)

غُلَاظٌ ذ : see what next follows.

غَلِيظٌ ذ (S, &c.) Thick, gross, big, bulky, or coarse; (Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ غُلَاظٌ: (K:) fem. of the former with ة: (TA:) and pl. غِلَاظٌ. (Msb, TA.) Applied [to a body, &c.; and, as meaning Thick, or coarse, ] to a garment, or piece of cloth. (Mgh, K.) You say also, أَرْضٌ غَلِيظَةٌ Rough, or rugged, land. (ISd, TA.) [And in this sense, of rough, or rugged, غَلِيظٌ is used in relation to various things.] ― -b2- Applied to a colour [ Dense, or deep: see غَضْبٌ]. (K in art. غضب.) ― -b3- Also, applied to a man, (tropical:) Characterized by غِلْظَة, the contr. of رِقَّة, in manners, disposition, action or conduct, speech, life, and the like; rough, coarse, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, surly, rough in manners, hard to deal with, incompliant, unobsequious, evil in disposition, illnatured, or the like: (Msb, * TA:) and so غَلِيظُ الجَانِبِ; [ contr. of لَيِّنُ الجَانِبِ:] (O and K in art. فظ:) and غَلِيظُ القَلْبِ hard-hearted; (Bd in iii. 153;) evil in disposition, or illnatured. (TA.) Applied also to an affair, meaning (tropical:) Hard, or difficult. (TA.) And to punishment, [in the Kur xi. 61, &c.,] meaning (tropical:) Vehement, or severe; (Mgh;) intensely painful. (Msb.) And [in like manner] to slaying and wounding. (TA.) And to a compact, or covenant, [in the Kur iv. 25, &c.,] meaning (tropical:) Strong, confirmed, or ratified. (Mgh, TA.) And to water, meaning (tropical:) Bitter. (TA.)

غِلَاظَةٌ ذ : see 1, first sentence; and غِلْظَةٌ.

أَغْلَظُ ذ comparative and superlative of غَلِيظٌ [in all its senses]. (IJ.)