Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

غَشُومٌ ذ A man who strikes, or beats, people vehemently, [ and wrongfully, (see 1,)] and takes [ from them ] everything that he can get; as also ↓ غَشَّامٌ and ↓ غَاشِمٌ [except that the first and second are app. intensive epithets and the last is a simple part. n.]: and it is likewise applied to a fem., as, for ex., to a hand (يَدٌ): and to a striking, or beating, (ضَرْبٌ,) [app. as meaning wrongful, ] as is also ↓ غَشَمْشَمٌ. (TA.) [One says,] الحَرْبُ غَشُومٌ [ War is wrongful ], because it reaches other than the committer of a crime, or an offence deserving punishment. (S.) ― -b2- Also A she-camel that will not be turned back from her course, or way. (R, TA.)

غَشِيمٌ ذ , meaning [ Ignorant of affairs, ] not knowing anything, is a word of the vulgar. (TA.)

غُشُومِيَّهٌ ذ , meaning Ignorance of affairs, is a word of the vulgar, like that next preceding. (TA.)

غَشَّامٌ ذ : see غَشُومٌ.

غَاشِمٌ ذ : see غَشُومٌ.

غَشَمْشَمٌ ذ : see مِغْشَمٌ. Accord. to some, it signifies One who acts with much wrongfulness, injustice, injuriousness, or tyranny. (Ham p. 104.) ― -b2- نَاقَةٌ غَشَمْشَمَةٌ A she-camel strong, resisting, or indomitable, in spirit. (IJ, TA.) And غَشَمْشَمٌ is applied to a he-camel as meaning هَائِجٌ [i. e. Excited by lust ]. (Meyd in explanation of the prov. here following.) ― -b3- غَشَمْشَمٌ يُغَشِّى الشَّجَرَ, i. e. This, or it or he, is a torrent [ wild in its course, ] that overwhelms the trees, so that it crushes them and uproots them, سَيْلٌ preceded by هٰذَا or هُوَ being meant to be supplied, is a prov. applied to a man who cares not what wrong he does. (Meyd.) ― -b4- See also غَشُومٌ.

اـِنَّهُ لَذُو غَشَمْشَمَةٍ ذ and غَشَمْشَمِيَّةٍ Verily he is one who possesses boldness, or daringness, and penetrative energy. (K.)

أَغْشَمُ ذ [ More, and most, wrongful, unjust, injurious, or tyrannical: &c.: see 1]. أَغْشَمُ مِنَ السَّيْلِ [ More wild in course than the torrent ] is a proverb. (Meyd.) -A2- IAar cites a verse in which it is applied to a plant as meaning Dry and old; but accord. to one relation of that verse, the word is أَعْشَم. (TA.)

مِغْشَمٌ ذ One who goes at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, without consideration, whom nothing will turn from that which he desires, (S, K,) by reason of his courage; (S;) as also ↓ غَشَمْشَمٌ: (S, K:) or, accord. to Aboo-Riyásh, one who performs affairs [ in a random manner, ] confusedly, without discrimination: or, as some say, one who, when the road is unapparent to him, goes at random, without direction and without knowledge. (Ham p. 37.)

1 غَشِيَهُ ذ , aor. يَغْشَى, inf. n. غَشَاوَةٌ, It covered, or concealed, him, or it; (TA;) as also ↓ تغشّاهُ. (MA.) And one says, غَشَانِى اللَّيْلُ, i. e. غَشِيَنِى [ The night covered me, or concealed me: or the meaning may be that which next follows]. (JK.) ― -b2- غَشِيَهُ, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) is said of an event (أَمْرٌ), [and of heat, (S and K in art. دغم,) and of cold, (K in that art.,) and of an affection of the mind or body, and of various things, sometimes in like manner of a man, and of a company of men,] in a similar sense; and so ↓ تغشّاهُ; (K, TA;) both signifying It came upon, [or invaded, so as to surprise, and so as to over-whelm, properly meaning] as a thing that covered, him, or it. (K, * TA.) Hence, in the Kur [liii. 16], اـِذْ يَغْشَى ا@لسِّدْرَةَ مَا يَغْشَى [ When there was coming upon the lote-tree so as to cover it, or overspread it, what was so coming ]. (TA.) And in the same [xx. 81], فَغَشِيَهُمْ مِنَ ا@لْيَمِّ مَا غَشِيَهُمْ [ And there came upon them so as to overwhelm them, of the sea, what so came upon them ]. (TA.) And in the same [viii. 11], اـِذْ يَغْشَاكُمُ [followed by ا@النُّعَاسُ, i. e. When it (drowsiness) was coming upon you, or overcoming you ]; accord. to one reading; other readings being يُغْشِيكُمُ and يُغَشِّيكُمُ [followed by ا@لنُّعَاسَ]. (TA.) See also غَاشِيَةٌ, in three places. ― -b3- [A somewhat similar signification of غَشِيَهُ will be found below.] ― -b4- One says of the night, يَغْشَى بِظُلْمَتِهِ كُلَّ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاآءِ وَالأَرْضِ [ It covers, or conceals, with its darkness, everything that is between the heaven and the earth ]. (Jel in xcii. 1.) And [hence it is said that] غَشِىَ اللَّيْلُ means The night was, or became, dark; as also ↓ اغشى. (Msb, TA.) ― -b5- [And غَشِيَهُ, and غَشِىَ بَصَرَهُ and ↓ غشّاهُ, signify It, i. e. light (ضَوْءٌ), came upon him, and upon his eye, with an overpowering effect, so as to obscure, or dazzle, his sight. ] ― -b6- غَشِيَهُ also signifies جَاآءَهُ (S) or أَتَاهُ (Mgh, Msb, K) [which have two meanings, i. e. He came to him, and he did it; both, perhaps, here meant, for both are well-known meanings of غَشِيَهُ]; and, thus used, the aor. is as above, (TA,) and the inf. n. is غَشَيَانٌ, (S, TA,) or غِشْيَانٌ, (so in one of my copies of the S,) or the subst. is ↓ غِشْيَانٌ, (Msb,) with kesr, (Mgh, Msb,) syn. with اـِتْيَانٌ. (Mgh.) You say, غَشِىَ فُلَانًا He came to such a one; syn. أَتَاهُ; as also غَشَاهُ, aor. يَغْشُوهُ. (K.) ― -b7- [Hence,] غَشِيَهَا, (S, MA, Msb, K,) inf. n. غَشَيَانٌ or غِشْيَانٌ, (accord. to different copies of the S,) or the latter and غَشْىٌ, (MA,) or ↓ غِشْيَانٌ is the subst. in this case also, (Msb,) and syn. with اـِتْيَانٌ, metonymically used in the sense of جِمَاعٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) (tropical:) He compressed her; (S, MA, Msb, K;) namely, a woman; (MA, K;) as also ↓ تغشّاها. (MA, Msb, TA.) ― -b8- And غَشِىَ اـِلَيْهِ مَحْجَرًا He did to him (أَتَى اـِلَيْهِ) a forbidden action. (TA in art. حجر.) [Hence,] ↓ غِشْيَانُ المَحَارِمِ [ The doing of forbidden things ]. (Mgh and Msb and K in art. رهق.) And غَشِىَ الشَّىْءَ He occupied himself with the thing, engaged in it, or personally managed or conducted it; syn. لَابَسَهُ and بَاشَرَهُ. (JM.) [And ↓ تغشّى has a similar meaning; for it is said that] التَّغَشِّى and الغَشْىُ primarily signify الاـِتْيَانُ and المُلَابَسَةُ: and they took an extended range in using the former, so that one said, بِالعَدْلِ ↓ تَغَشَّاهُمْ or بِالْجَوْرِ [app. meaning He ruled them with equity or with injustice ]. (Ham p. 27.) [And one says, يَغْشَى الحُرُوبَ (see Ham p. 27), meaning He plunges into wars, or battles: see مُغَامِسٌ, and its verb.] ― -b9- One says also, غَشِيَهُ بِالسَّوْطِ, (K, in which it is said to be like رَضِيَهُ, and so accord. to some copies of the S, the phrase in these being غَشِيَتُ الرَّجُلَ بِالسَّوْطِ,) or بِهِ ↓ غَشَّاهُ, (accord. to other copies of the S, the verb in these being written غَشَّيْتُ, and thus accord. to an explanation of قَنَّعَ رَأْسَهُ بِالسَّوْطِ in art. قنع in the K,) He struck him (i. e. a man, S) with the whip; he flogged him. (S, K.) -A2- غُشِىَ عَلَيْهِ, (S, MA, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. غَشْىٌ, (S, Mgh, * K,) or غُشْىٌ, (MA,) or both, (Msb,) and غَشَيَانٌ, (K, TA, and so in some copies of the S,) or غِشْيَانٌ, (so in other copies of the S,) and ↓ غَشْيَةٌ, (S, Mgh,) or this last is an inf. n. of un., (Msb,) or it is the subst., (K,) He swooned, i. e. became senseless: (MA, PS:) or i. q. أُغْمِىَ عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]: (K, TA:) or الغَشْىُ, or الغُشْىُ, is a state of inertness (تَعَطُّل, Mgh, Msb) of the motive and sensitive faculties, (Mgh,) or of the motive faculties and of the sensitive will, (Msb,) on account of the weakness of the heart, (Mgh, Msb,) and the soul's becoming drawn together thereto by a cause that suppresses it (يُخْفِيهِ) within so that it finds not a place of passage, and of the causes thereof is a strangling [or stifling ], or hurtful, cold repletion, or vehement hunger, (Mgh,) or vehement pain, (Mgh, Msb,) or cold, or excessive hunger, (Msb,) or an evil affection in some associate, or participating, organ, such as the heart and the stomach: (Mgh:) some say that it is the same as الاـِغْمَاآءُ [for which see its proper art.]; (Mgh, Msb;) thus say the scholastic theologians: (Mgh:) others (the physicians and the lawyers, Mgh) make a difference between these two terms. (Mgh, Msb.)

2 غَشَّيْتُ الشَىْءَ ذ , (S, Msb,) inf. n. تَغْشِيَةٌ, (S,) I covered the thing; put a cover, or covering, upon it, or over it. (S, Msb.) One says, غَشَّى ا@للّٰهُ عَلَى بَصَرِهِ, inf. n. as above; and ↓ اغشى; (K, TA;) i. e. God put a covering upon, or over, his eyes. (TA.) And hence, (TA,) it is said in the Kur [xxxvi. 8], فَهُمْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ ↓ فَأَغْشَيْنَاهُمْ And we have put a covering over them [ so that they shall not see ]. (S, TA.) ― -b2- [See a usage of the inf. n. voce شِينٌ.] ― -b3- غشّاهُ said of light; see 1, former half. ― -b4- See also 4. ― -b5- غشّاهُ بِالسَّوْطِ: see 1, latter half. ― -b6- One says also, غَشَّيْتُهُ سَيْفًا, or سَوْطًا, [in my original غشيته, without any syll. sign, but app. as I have written, for I do not find any instance of غَشِىَ as doubly trans., meaning I equipped him with a sword, or a whip, ] like the saying كَسَوْتُهُ سَيْفًا, or عَمَّمْتُهُ. (TA.)

4 اغشاهُ اـِيَّاهُ ذ and ↓ غشّاهُ He made it to cover it; or to be a cover, or covering, upon it, or over it. (MA, * TK, and Bd * and Jel * in vii. 52, &c.) ― -b2- And [hence,] both signify He made it, i. e. an event (أَمْر), to come upon, [or invade, so as to surprise, or so as to overwhelm, properly meaning] as a thing that covered, him, or it. (K, * TA,) Both of these verbs are used in this sense in the Kur-án accord. to different readings in vii. 52 and xiii. 3, and likewise (as mentioned in the first paragraph of this art., q. v.,) in viii. 11. (TA.) ― -b3- Also, the former, He made him, or it, to come to him. (S, MA, TA.) ― -b4- See also 2, in two places. ― -b5- [Hence,] اغشى اللَّيْلُ: see 1, former half.

5 تَ1َ2َّ3َ see 10: ― -b2- and see also 1, first and third sentences: ― -b3- and again, near the middle, in three places.

10 استغشى ثَوْبَهُ ذ , (T, K, [agreeably with phrases in the Kur xi. 6 and lxxi. 6,]) and (K) بِثَوْبِهِ, (S, K,) and بِهِ ↓ تغشّى, (S,) [see an ex. of the latter verb in a verse of El-Khansà cited in the first paragraph of art. رعى, where it is trans. without a preposition,] He covered himself with his garment (S, K) in order that he might not see nor hear: (K: [in the CK, يُسْمَعَ and يُرَى are put for يَسْمَعَ and يَرَى:]) accord. to Er-Rághib, اِسْتَغْشَوْا ثِيَابَهُمْ means they put their garments as a covering over their ears; and is a phrase denoting the refusing to hearken; or, as some say, an allusion to running, like the phrase شَمَّرَ ذَيْلًا, and أَلْقَى ثَوْبَهُ. (TA.)

غَشًا ذ The whiteness of the head [or face ], of a horse and of other animals, denoted by the epithet أَغْشَى [q. v.]. (S.)

غَشْوٌ ذ The نَبِق [generally meaning the fruit of the lote-tree called سِدْر; but sometimes the tree thus called itself ]: (K:) accord to the M, [the n. un.] غَشْوَةٌ signifies a سِدْرَة. (TA.)

غَشْوَةٌ ذ and غِشْوَةٌ and غُشْوَةٌ: see غِشَاوَةٌ.

غَشْيَةٌ ذ an inf. n. of the verb in the phrase غُشِىَ عَلَيْهِ, (S, Mgh,) or the subst, thereof, (K,) or the inf. n. un. thereof [signifying A swoon ]. (Msb.) See 1, last sentence. ― -b2- غَشْيَةُ المَوْتِ is The clouding (lit. covering ) of the understanding that befalls a man on the occasion of death. (TA.) ― -b3- And غَشْيَةُ حُمَّى signifies A touch, or slight attack, of fever. (TA.)

غُشْيَةٌ ذ : see غِشَاوَةٌ.

غِشْيَانٌ ذ : see 1, near the middle, in three places.

غِشَاآءٌ ذ A cover, or covering; syn. غِطَاآءٌ: (S, Msb:) or it differs from the غِطَاآء in being of clothing or the like: (TA in art. غطو) and غِشَاوَةٌ [q. v.] signifies the same: (Msb;) [the pl. of the former is أَغْشِيَةٌ and أَغْشَاآءٌ; the former regular; and the latter, (which occurs in this art. in the TA in an explanation of غَوَاشٍ, pl. of غَاشِيَةٌ.) like اآدَامٌ as pl. of اـِدَامٌ.] The غِشَاآء of the heart is The cover, or covering, thereof; (K, TA;) the قَمِيص thereof, likewise mentioned in the K as being called the ↓ غَاشِيَة; a covering of skin, (i. e. the pericardium, ] the removal of which therefrom causes death; and also called the ↓ غِشَاوَة, this being expl. as meaning the skin of the heart: (TA:) and so of the horse's saddle; (K, TA;) which is a covering of skin or other material: (TA:) [see also غَاشِيَةٌ:] and so of the sword; (K, TA.) which is its غِلَاف [a term applied to its scabbard, and also to a case, or covering, enclosing the scabbard, or enclosing the scabbard with its appertenances ] (TA;) and so of other things. (K.)

غِشَاوَةٌ ذ (S, ISd, K) and غَشَاوَةٌ and غُشَاوَةٌ (ISd, K) and ↓ غَشْوَةٌ and غِشْوَةٌ and غُشْوَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ غَاشِيَةٌ and ↓ غُشْيَةٌ and ↓ غُشَايَةٌ and غِشَايَةٌ (K) signify A covering upon the eyes (S, K) and upon the heart: (K:) you say, عَلَى بَصَرِهِ غِشَاوَةٌ &c. [ Upon his eyes is a covering, or film, app. used only in a tropical sense], (S, K,) and عَلَى قَلْبِهِ [ upon his heart ], (K:) thus the first of these words signifies. in relation to the eyes, in the Kur [ii. 6 and] xlv. 22, in relation to the heart, Az says that it is a [ sort of ] covering of rust (مِنْ طَبَعٍ [also termed رَيْن]). (TA.) See also غِشَاآءٌ, in two places.

غُشَايَةٌ ذ and غِشَايَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

غَاشِيَةٌ ذ : see غِشَاآءٌ and غَوَاشٍ ۔غِشَاوَةٌ is its pl. (TA:) occurring in the Kur vii. 39, meaning أَغْمَاآءٌ, (K, TA,) i. e. أَغْشَاآءٌ [or Coverings, a pl. of غِشَاآءٌ]. (TA.) ― -b2- It is also [The covering, like غِشَاآءٌ, q. v.], of the horse's saddle. (S.) ― -b3- And (S,) of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل, (K,) it is The iron that is above the مُؤَخَّرَة or [ hinder part ], (S, K, TA,) also called the دَامِغَة [q. v.]. (Az TA.) ― -b4- Also The skin with which the جَفْن [or scabbard ] of a sword is covered, from the lower part of its شَارِب [q. v.] to its نَعْل [or shoe of iron, or silver, at the lower end of the scabbard ]: or the covering that is put upon the hilt, consisting of [ the skins called ] أَسْفَان [pl. of سَفَنٌ, q. v.]: (K. [for أَسْفَان, which is the reading in the M, some copies of the K have أَسْفَار:]) or the first part, of the sword, of what is next to thee [ when holding the hilt ]: and sometimes it signifies its غِمْد [or scabbard ], also. (Ham p. 22.) ― -b5- الغَاشِيَةُ (in the Kur lxxxviii. I, TA) means The resurrection; (S, K, TA;) because it will overwhelm (↓ تَغْشَى) with its terrors; (S, TA;) or because it will come upon mankind as a thing covering them, (↓ تَغْشَى الخَلْقَ,) so as to include them universally: (TA:) and, (K, TA,) some say, (TA,) the fire of Hell ); (K, TA;) because it will cover, or overspread, (↓ تَغْشَى,) the faces of the unbelievers. (TA.) (In like manner also,] غَاشِيَةٌ مِنَ العَذَابِ means Punishment that is general, or universal, in its extent. (TA.) ― -b6- And غَاشِيَةٌ signifies also A calamity, or misfortune. (TA.) ― -b7- And A cer tain disease that attacks in the جَوْف [i. e. belly, or chest ]. (As, S, K.) One says, رَمَاهُ ا@للّٰهُ بِغَاشِيَةٍ [ May God smite him, or afflict him, with a غَاشِيَة]. (As, S.) ― -b8- Also Petitioners that come to one (K, TA) seeking, or demanding, or asking, gifts: (TA:) and visiters, and friends, that come to one time after time; (K, TA;) and that resort to one (TA:) a man's resorters; such as guests; and hangers-on, or seekers of favours; servants [or dependants ]; and others. (Har pp. 95 and 467.)

أَغْشَى ذ , applied to a horse, (S, K,) and to other than a horse, (S,) Whose whole head, as distinct from his body, is white; like أَرْخَمُ: (S:) or whose face is covered by whiteness: (K:) or having a blaze covering his face, and wide: (M, TA;) fem. غَشْوَاآءُ, applied to a goat. (S, K.)

مَغْشِىٌّ عَلَيْهِ ذ Swooning; i. e. senseless; (MA, PS;) having the affection denoted by the phrase غُشِىَ عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]. (S, MA, Mgh, Msb, K.)

1 غَصَّ ذ , (Msb, MF,) sec. pers. غَصِصْتَ, (S, Msb, K,) and غَصَصْتَ, (Msb, K,) the latter extr., (TA, [see 1 in art. عض,]) aor. يَغَصُّ, (S, Msb, K,) when the sec. pers. of the pret. is غَصِصْتَ, (Msb,) and يَغُصُّ, (Msb, TA,) when the sec. pers. of the pret. is of the other form mentioned above, (Msb,) inf. n. غَصَصٌ, (S, K,) or غَصٌّ, (Msb,) or the former when the aor. is يَغَصُّ, and the latter when the aor. is يَغُصُّ, (TA,) His throat, or fauces, became choked, or obstructed, (S, K, MF,) by food: (S, Msb, MF:) [as also, app., ↓ اِغْتَصَّ:] accord. to some of those skilled in the science of lexicology, you say غَصَّ when it is by food, and شَرِقَ when it is by beverage, [or by the spittle, and water, and the like, (see art. شرق,)] and شَجِىَ when it is by a bone, and جَرِضَ when it is with spittle; but every one of these is sometimes used in the place of any other: (MF:) and [thus] you say also, غَصَّ بِالمَاآءِ, meaning, his throat, or fauces, became choked, or obstructed, by the water; or the water stopped therein, and he was hardly able to swallow it. (TA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] غَصَّ بِرِيقِهِ [lit., His throat, or fauces, became choked by his spittle; ] meaning, (tropical:) he died. (TA.) ― -b3- Hence, also, غَصَّ بِالغَيْظِ (tropical:) [ He was, or became, choked with wrath, or rage ]. (Msb.) ― -b4- [And غَصَّ, alone, seems to signify (assumed tropical:) He became grieved, or disquieted in mind; like as does شَجِىَ (q. v.): and it seems to be indicated in the CK that ↓ اغتصّ signifies the same: see غُصَّةٌ.] ― -b5- [Hence also,] غَصَّتْ بِنَا الأَرْضُ (assumed tropical:) The land became straitened [ as though it were choked ] by us. (TA.) And غَصَّ المَجْلِسُ بِأَهْلِهِ (assumed tropical:) [ The sitting-place became straitened, or choked, or choked up, by its people ]; as also ↓ اغتصّ. (TA.)

4 اغصّهُ ذ , (S, Msb, TA,) inf. n. اـِغْصَاصٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, Msb) caused his throat, or fauces, to be choked, or obstructed, (S,) by food; (Msb;) syn. أَشْجَاهُ [which has the above-mentioned meaning and also another to he found below]. (TA.) [And It (food &c.) choked him. ] ― -b2- Hence, اغصّهُ بِالغَيْظِ (tropical:) [ He (a man) caused him to become choked with wrath, or rage ]. (Msb.) ― -b3- [Hence also,] اغصّهُ بِرِيقِهِ [lit., He caused his throat, or fauces, to become choked by his spittle; ] meaning, (assumed tropical:) He caused him to become grieved, or disquieted in mind; (A, TA;) [like أَشْجَاهُ: and it seems to be indicated in the CK that اغصّهُ without any addition signifies the same: see غُصَّةٌ.] ― -b4- [Hence also,] اغصّ عَلَيْنَا الأَرْضَ (assumed tropical:) He made strait to us the land. (K, TA.)

8 اـِغْتَصَ3َ see 1, in three places.

غُصَّةٌ ذ A thing lying across in the throat, or fauces, so as to cause a choking, or an obstruction, thereof; (IDrd, A, * K;) a thing by which one has his throat, or fauces, choked, or obstructed; (TA;) food by which one has his throat, or fauces, choked, or obstructed; (Msb;) i. q. شَجًا; (S, K;) [which has another meaning that will be found below; and both these meanings may be intended by it in the S; but in the K, the latter only seems to be intended; for there, between it and the explanation which is here first given, we find intervening the pl., and also, in the CK, the words وَقَدْ اَغْصَصْتُهُ فاغْتَصَّ;] a thing by which one is choked (شَجًا يُغَصُّ بِهِ, Lth, JK, TA) in the حَرْقَدَة [meaning the head of the windpipe ], (Lth, TA,) or in the throat, or fauces: (JK:) pl. غُصَصٌ. (S, Msb, K.) It is said in the Kur [lxxiii. 13], وَطَعَامًا ذَا غُصَّةٍ (TA) And food that sticks fast, (Bd,) or by which one is choked, (Jel,) in the throat, or fauces. (Bd, Jel.) ― -b2- And hence, (tropical:) Choking wrath or rage. (Msb.) ― -b3- [And (assumed tropical:) Grief, or disquietude of mind; a signification often occurring; and app. intended by the explanation شَجًا in the K. See what is said on this point above.] ― -b4- Hence also, غُصَصُ المَوْتِ [ The chokings, or strangulations, of death: the deathrattles: or (assumed tropical:) the agonies of death ]. (TA.)

غَصَّان ذ : see what next follows.

غَاصٌّ ذ A man having his throat, or fauces, choked, or obstructed, (S, Msb, * K,) by food; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ غَصَّان. (S [in two copies of which it is written غَصَّانُ], K [in two copies of which it is written غَصَّانٌ], Msb [in my copy of which, as well as in the TA, it is without any final syll. sign].) ― -b2- And [hence,] غَاصٌّ بِالقَوْمِ (assumed tropical:) An abode, or a place of alighting, filled [ and as it were choked up ] with the company of men; (S, A, K;) and in like manner a mosque; as also ↓ مُغْتَصٌّ. (A.)

مُغْتَصٌّ ذ : see what next precedes.

1 غَصَبَهُ ذ , (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. غَصِبَ , (Msb, K,) inf. n. غَصْبٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb;) and ↓ اغتصبهُ; (S, Msb, K;) He took it wrongfully, unjustly, or injuriously; (S, A, Mgh, K;) or by force; (Mgh, Msb;) مِنْهُ and عَلَيْهِ [i. e. from him ], both meaning the same. (S.) الغَصْبُ repeatedly occurs in the traditions, signifying The taking another's property wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or by violence. (L.) But as employed in law, it means The taking property that has a price and is forbidden, without the permission of its owner, without stealthiness: therefore it does not rightly apply in the case of an animal that has died a natural death or not been slaughtered according to the law, because it is not property; nor in the case of the free person, in like manner; nor in the case of the wine of the Muslim, because it has not a price; nor in the case of the property of him with whom one is at war, because it is not forbidden; the saying “ without the permission of the owner ” precludes the trust, or deposit; and the saying “ without stealthiness ” excludes theft. (KT.) ― -b2- One says also, غَصَبْتُهُ مَالًا and غَصَبْتُ مِنْهُ مَالًا I took property from him [ wrongfully, &c., or] by force. (Msb.) ― -b3- And غَصَبَهَا نَفْسَهَا (Msb, TA) and نفسها ↓ اغتصبها (Msb) (tropical:) He violated her; forced her; had connection with her against her will; (TA;) or constuprated her by force. (Msb.) ― -b4- And غَصَبَ فُلَانًا عَلَى الشَّىْءِ (K, TA) and ↓ اغتصبه (TA) He compelled such a one by force to do the thing. (K, TA.) ― -b5- And غَصَبَ الجِلْدَ, (K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He removed from the skin its hair and its fur by plucking and peeling, without subjecting it to the process termed عَطْنٌ, in the tan, and without اـِغْمَال [i. e. burying it] in moist earth, (K, TA,) or [ soaking it in ] urine [ to loosen the hair and fur ], and without folding it up: so Az heard it expl. by the Arabs. (TA.)

3 غاصبهُ اـِيَّاهُ ذ , accord. to Freytag, signifies He took it from him by violence: but for this he has not named any authority.]

8 اـِغْتَصَبَ see 1, in three places. ― -b2- One says also, of a woman, اُغْتُصِبَتْ نَفْسَهَا, meaning (tropical:) She was constuprated by force; (A, Mgh, Msb;) as also اُغْتُصِبَتْ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا. (Msb.)

غَصْبٌ ذ and ↓ مَغْصُوبٌ A thing taken wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, (S, Mgh,) or by force: (Mgh, Msb:) the former originally an inf. n. (Msb.)

غَاصِبٌ ذ One taking, or who takes, a thing wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, (TA,) or by force: pl. غُصَّابٌ. (Msb.)

مَغْصُوبٌ ذ : see غَصْبٌ. ― -b2- مَغْصُوبٌ لَهُ and مِنْهُ A man from whom a thing has been taken [ wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or] by force. (Msb.)

1 غَصَنَهُ ذ , aor. غَصِنَ , (K, TA,) inf. n. غَصْنٌ, (TA,) He drew it to him, or towards him; namely, a غُصْن [or branch]: (K, TA:) from El-Kanánee. (TA.) ― -b2- And He took it; namely, a thing: (K, TA:) or he cut it off: (S, K:) or it signifies also he cut it off, namely, a غُصْن, and took it. (TA.) ― -b3- And غَصَنَ فُلَانًا عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ, (K, TA,) aor. غَصِنَ and غَصُنَ , (TA,) He turned, or turned away, and withheld, such a one from the object of his want: (K, TA:) Az says that it was thus read to him by El-Mundhiree in the “ Nawádir ” of IAar; but that, accord. to Sh, it is [غَضَنَ, i. e.] with ض; and this is correct: (TA:) the former is a mistake. (TA in art. غضن.)

2 غَصَّنَ see the next paragraph.

4 اغصن الشَّجَرُ ذ , (A in art. فرش,) inf. n. اـِغْصَانٌ, The trees put forth branches. (KL.) ― -b2- And اغصن, and ↓ غصّن, said of a bunch of grapes (عُنْقُود), It was, or became, large (كَبُرَ, thus in some of the copies of the K, in other copies كَثُرَ, but the former is the right, TA) in its berries: (K:) or somewhat large therein. (TA.)

غُصْنٌ ذ A branch from the stem [or from another branch ] of a tree; of the slender thereof as well as of the thick: (K:) [sometimes signifying a twig, or shoot: ] pl. [of pauc.] أَغْصَانٌ and [of mult.] غُصُونٌ and غِصَنَةٌ. (S, K.)

غُصْنَةٌ ذ [ A branchlet; and a small twig or shoot; ] a small غُصْن. (K.)

أَغْصَنُ ذ A bull having a whiteness in his tail. (K.)

1 غَضَّ طَرْفَهُ ذ , (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. يَغُضُّ, (Msb, * TA,) [and يَغْضُضْ may be used, in the dial. of El-Hijáz, instead of its contracted form يَغُضَّ,] imp. غُضَّ, (S, A,) in the dial. of Nejd, (S,) and اُغْضُضْ, in the dial. of El-Hijáz, (S,) inf. n. غَضٌّ (Msb, K) and غِضَاضٌ, with kesr, (A, K,) and غَضَاضٌ and غَضَاضَةٌ, with fet-h, (K,) He lowered his eye, or eyes; (S, A, Msb, K;) as also غَضَّ مِنْ طَرْفِهِ; (Msb;) [the من being redundant, accord. to some; but see what is said on this point below:] and he contracted his eye, or eyes; syn. كَسَرَهُ; [ so as to wrinkle the lids; ] or he blinked; i. e. he contracted his eyelids, or drew them near together, and looked: [this signification is very common:] and he contracted (كَسَرَ) his eye, or eyes, and looked towards the ground, not opening his eye [or eyes ]: and sometimes it indicates a state of abasement. (TA.) Also غَضَّ alone, inf. n. غَضَاضَةٌ, He contracted his eyelids; like أَغْضَى: he looked languishingly. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xxiv. 30], قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ, in which some of the grammarians hold من to be redundant; but the meaning is obvious, i. e. [ Say thou to the believers ] that they shall abridge their look, or view, from what is prohibited to them: (Sgh:) or that they shall restrain somewhat of their look, or view. (TA.) ― -b2- [And hence,] (assumed tropical:) He bore with forgiveness and silence what was disagreeable, or hateful, or evil. (S, A, K.) ― -b3- غَضَّ صَوْتَهُ, (Msb,) or مِنْ صَوْتِهِ, (S, TA,) or both, (Msb,) in like manner signifies He lowered his voice. (S, Msb.) It is said in the Kur [xxxi. 18], وَا@غْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ, (S, A,) i. e. And lower thy voice: or diminish the loudness of thy voice. (TA.) ― -b4- غَضَّ مِنْ لِجَامِ فَرَسِهِ He lowered the rein of his horse, in order to lessen his sharpness of temper. (A, TA. *) ― -b5- غَضَّ مِنْهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. يَغُضُّ, (S, TA,) inf. n. غَضٌّ (Msb, TA) and غَضَاضَةٌ, (Msb,) He lowered and lessened his estimation, dignity, or rank: (S, K, TA:) or he detracted from his reputation; or attributed or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, a vice, fault, or the like: (Msb:) and, inf. n. غَضَاضَةٌ, he disdained it, or scorned it; as also مِنْهُ ↓ اغتضّ. ('Alee Ibn-Hamzeh, TA.) ― -b6- Also غَضَّهُ, (K,) aor. as above, inf. n. غَضٌّ, (TA,) He lessened it, diminished it, or made it defective or deficient; (K, TA;) and so ↓ غَضْغَضَهُ, (K,) inf. n. غَصْغَضَةٌ. (TA.) You say غَضَضْتُ السِّقَاآءَ I lessened, diminished, or made defective or deficient, [ the contents of ] the skin. (Msb.) And المَاآءَ ↓ غَضْغَضْتُ I lessened, &c., the water. (S.) And ↓ فُلَانٌ بَحْرٌ لَا يُغَضْغَضُ Such a one is a sea, or great river, that will not be lessened, &c.: (S:) or that will not become exhausted. (Har p. 418.) [See also R. Q. 1 below, and R. Q. 2.] And [you make the former verb doubly trans., saying,] مَا غَضَضْتُكَ شَيْئًا I have not abridged thee, deprived thee, or defrauded thee, of anything. (TA.) And لَا أَغُضُّكَ دِرْهَمًا I will not abridge thee, deprive thee, or defraud thee, of a dirhem. (TA.) You also say, غَضَّ مِنَ الشَّعَرِ He shortened the hair. (M in art. قصر.) And [in like manner] one says, غَضَّ مِنْ رَأْسِهِ, i. q. طَمَّ رَأْسَهُ. (K voce طَمَّ, q. v.) ― -b7- Also He broke it (i. e. a branch, or stick, or the like,) but did not break it thoroughly; (L, K, TA;) and so ↓ غضّضهُ. (L, TA.) ― -b8- And غَضَضْتُهُ also signifies I withheld, restrained, or prevented, it; whatever it were. (S.) [Hence the phrase in the Kur xxiv, 30, accord. to an explanation given above.] You say غَضَّ العَذْلَ, or المَلَامَةَ, aor. as above, inf. n. غَصٌّ, He withheld blame. (Lth.) And you say to a rider, in asking him to stop a little where you are, غُضَّ سَاعَةً, (TA,) and اُغْضُضْ لِى سَاعَةً, (A, TA,) i. e. Restrain for me thy beast, and stop, or pause, where I am, a while. (A, TA.) -A2- غَضَّ, [first pers. غَضَضْتُ,] aor. يَغِضُّ; (Msb;) or the first pers. is غَضِضْتُ and غَضَضْتُ, (S, K,) and the aor. of each is يَغَضُّ; (K;) or, accord. to the T, some say غَضِضْتَ, aor. تَغَضُّ, and some say غَضَضْتَ, aor. تَغَضُّ: (IB, TA;) but the latter of these requires consideration; (TA;) inf. n. غُضُوضَةٌ (IAar, S, K) and غَضَاضَةٌ; (S, K;) or the former only, accord to Alee Ibn- Hamzeh; but the saying بَضَاضَةٌ and بُضُوضَةٌ, to denote the quality of that which is termed بَضٌّ, strengthens what J says [in the S] with respect to غَضَاضَةٌ; (IB;) It (a thing) was, or became, fresh, juicy, sappy, moist, not flaccid. (S, Msb:) or flourishing and fresh; or luxuriant: (IAar:) or beautiful and bright: (K:) and غَضَّتْ, aor. تَغِضُّ and تَغَضُّ, inf. n. غَضَاضَةٌ and غُضُوضَةٌ, said of a woman, (tropical:) she was, or became, fine-skinned, or thin-skinned, so that the blood appeared [ through the skin ]. (Lh, TA.)

2 غضّض ذ : see 1, latter half. -A2- Also, inf. n. تَغْضِيضٌ, He ate what is termed غَضّ, (K, TA,) i. e. the طَلْع [or spadix of a palm-tree ]: (TA:) or he became thin-skinned, and plump, and soft, or tender: (O, K:) or he became affected with languor and abasement; (K, TA;) or, as in the Tekmileh, with softness, or tenderness. (TA.)

7 انغضّ الطَّرْفُ ذ i. q. انْغَمَضَ: (S, TA:) [or the former more probably signifies The eye, or eyes, became contracted: and the latter, the eye, or eyes, became closed. ]

8 اـِغْتَضَ3َ see 1, near the middle.

R. Q. 1 غَضْغَضَهُ ذ , inf. n. غَضْغَضَةٌ: see 1, near the middle, in three places. -A2- عَضْغَضَ [inf. n. as above] is also intrans. (TA.) See R. Q. 2. ― -b2- It likewise signifies It (for instance a sea, or a large river, TA) became scanty, or little in quantity, and sank into the earth, or disappeared in the earth; or became scanty, or little in quantity; or decreased: (K, TA:) or went away. (TA.) In the TS, the inf. n. is expl. by غَيْظ, which is an abominable mistake for غَيْض. (TA.) ― -b3- And غَضْغَضَةٌ also signifies A man's speaking indistinctly. (TA.) ― -b4- And The boiling of a cooking-pot. (IKtt, TA.)