Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

بِدَاآءَةٌ بداآءه بداآءة : see بَدْءٌ, in two places: and see بَدْأَةٌ: and for the former, see also بَدِئَةٌ.

بَدِيْئَةٌ ذ : see بَدْءٌ; second sentence. ― -b2- Also, (M, K,) and ↓ بَدَاآءَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ بُدَاآءَةٌ, (M,) i. q. بَدِيهَةٌ, (K,) and بَدَاهَةٌ, (TA,) or بُدَاهَةٌ, i. e. The first occurrence of a thing, that happens to one unexpectedly: (M:) [or the first of anything: and an occurrence thereof by which one is taken unawares: accord. to explanations in the K in art. بده:] pl. of the first, بَدَايَا. (TA.) ― -b3- [And all app. signify The faculty of extemporizing; like بَدِيهَةٌ (q. v.) &c.] You say, جَيِّدَةٍ ↓ فُلَانٌ ذُو بَدَاآءَةٍ, i. e. بَدِيهَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ, [meaning] Such a one has a good faculty of extemporizing; or of uttering, or relating, things by means of the promptness of his intelligence. (TA.)

بُدَّاآءَةٌ بداآءه بداآءة : see بَدْءٌ; second sentence.

بَادِئٌ ذ [act. part. n. of 1]: see بَدْءٌ, in nine places.

بَادِئَةٌ ذ : see 1, in two places.

مَبْدَأٌ ذ [originally noun of place and of time from 1; A place, and a time, of beginning, &c. ― -b2- ] See بَدْأَةٌ. ― -b3- [Also A principle, or first rule, of a science &c.: pl. مَبَادِئُ. ― -b4- And The primary import of a word; opposed in this sense to غَايَةٌ.]

مُبْدَأٌ ذ : see بَدْأَةٌ.

المُبْدِئُ ذ , applied to God, The Creator, or Originator, of the things [ that exist ], who hath produced them at the beginning, not after the similitude of anything pre-existing. (Nh.) And المُبْدِئُ المُعِيدُ, so applied, He who createth mankind, and who returneth them after life to death in the present world and after death to life on the day of resurrection. (TA in art. عود.) ― -b2- مُبْدِئُ مُعِيدٌ A man who has gone on warring, or warring and plundering, expeditions, time after time, and is experienced in affairs: (A 'Obeyd, and K in art. عود:) and a horse upon which the owner has gone time after time on warring, or warring and plundering, expeditions; (TA in that art.;) or well trained and exercised, (K and TA in that art.) so as to be obedient to his rider. (TA in that art.) ― -b3- [For other significations of مُبْدِئٌ, see its verb (4); and see أَحْفَرَ.]

مَبْدَأَةٌ ذ : see بَدْأَةٌ

مَبْدُوْءٌ مبد مبدوء [pass. part. n. of 1; Begun, &c. -A2- ] See بُدِئَ.

مُبْتَدَأٌ ذ : see بَدْءٌ. ― -b2- [In grammar, as correlative of خَبَرٌ, An inchoative. ]

1 بَدَرَ بدر در , aor. بَدُرَ , inf. n. بَدْرٌ, It (the moon) became full. (Msb.) ― -b2- (tropical:) He (a boy) became full-grown and round; implying comparison to the full moon. (TA.) ― -b3- (assumed tropical:) It (fruit) attained to maturity. (TA, from a trad.) [See also 4.] ― -b4- It rose like the full moon. (Er Rághib.) -A2- See also 3, in six places. ― -b2- بَدَرَتْ مِنْهُ بَوَادِرُ غضَبٍ: and بَدَرَت بَوَادِرُ الخَيْلِ: see بَادِرَةٌ. ― -b3- بَدَرَتِ الاـِبِلَ She (a camel) brought forth at an earlier period of the year than the other camels. (TA.) [See بَدْرِيَّةٌ, voce بَدْرِىٌّ.] ― -b4- خَرَجْتُ أَبْدُرُ (tropical:) I went forth to make water. (A.)

3 بادرهُ بادر بادره بادرة , inf. n. مُبَادَرَةٌ and بِدَارٌ; and ↓ ابتدرهُ; He hastened, or made haste, or strove to be first or beforehand, in doing [or attaining or obtaining ] it; (M, K, TA, TK;) namely, a thing: (M:) and غَيْرُهُ اـِلَيْهِ ↓ بَدَرَ, (M, K,) aor. بَدُرَ ; and بادرهُ اليه; (M;) He hastened with another, or vied or strove with him in hastening, to it [or to do or attain or obtain it ]: syn. عَاجَلَهُ, (M, K, TA,) and أَسْرَعَ اـِلَيْهِ. (TA.) بادر [as well as ↓ بَدَرَ and ↓ ابتدر] denotes mutual effort only when it is immediately trans.: when it is trans. by means of اـِلَى [or بِ (the former in the TA written by mistake على], there is nothing to show that it denotes this. (MF.) [But it is often immediately trans. without its denoting such effort.] One says, بادرهُ He hastened to do it [&c., as explained above]; meaning, a thing that he desired, or wished for: (TA:) [and بادربِهِ signifies the same; or he hastened with it: and the former signifies also he betook himself early to him or it: ] and بادر اـِلَيْهِ he hastened to it; (S, A;) as also اليه ↓ بَدَرَ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. بَدُرَ , (S,) inf. n. بُدُورٌ: (S, Msb:) or, accord. to Zj, agreeably with its derivation, [see بَدْرٌ,] he employed the fulness of his power, or force, to hasten [ to it ]: (TA:) and الأَمْرٌ ↓ بَدَرَهُ, and ↓ بَدَرَ اـِلَيْهِ, (aor. بَدُرَ , inf. n. بَدْرٌ, TA, [or بُدُورٌ, as above,]) the thing, or event, came to him, or happened to him, hastily, quickly, or speedily; and, beforehand [or before he expected it ]; syn. عَجِلَ, (M, K,) and سَبَقَ, (M,) or اِسْتَبَقَ: (K:) [and مِنْهُ قَوْلٌ ↓ بَدَرَ, and فِعْلٌ, a saying, and an action, proceeded from him hastily, without premeditation: see بَادِرَةٌ.] It is said in a trad., بَادِرُوا بِالْأَعْمَالِ هَرَمًا [ Strive ye to be before decrepitude with good works; i. e., to perform them before decrepitude ]. (El-Jámi' es- Sagheer.) And in another, بَادِرُوا الصُّبْحَ بِالْوِتْرِ [ Strive ye to be before daybreak with the prayers termed وتر; i. e., to perform them before daybreak ]. (Idem.) And in another, بَادِرُوا بِصَلاَةِ المَغْرِبِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ النَّجْمِ [ Hasten ye with, or to perform, the prayer of sunset before the rising of the star ]. (Idem.) You say also, فُلَانٌ يُبَادِرُ فِى أَكْلِ مَالِ اليَتِيمِ [ Such a one hastens in consuming the property of the orphan before the latter is of full age]. (A.) And بَادَرَ كِبَرَ اليَتِيمِ [ He hastened to be before the orphan's attaining to full age in expending his property ]; said of a guardian; i. q. فِي مَالِ اليَتِيمِ ↓ أَبْدَرَ: (K:) and thus, بِدَارًاأَنْ يَكْبَرُوا, in the Kur [iv. 5], means hastening to be before their attaining to full age in expending their property. (Bd, * Jel.) And بادرهُ الغَايَةَ and اـِلَى الغَايَةِ [ He strove with him in hastening, or strove to get before him, to the goal ]. (A.) And الغَايَةَ ↓ ابتدر and اـِلَى الغَايَةِ [ He strove in hastening, or strove to get first, to the goal ]. (Ham p. 46.) And بَادَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا اـِلَى أَمْرٍ, and أَمْرًا ↓ ابتدروا, and ↓ تبادروهُ, They vied, or strove, one with another, in hastening to a thing, or an affair, trying which of them would be first. (T.)

4 ابدر أبدر ابدر بدر He had the full moon rising to him, (S, M, K,) or upon him: (A:) a verb similar to أَقْمَرَ and أَشْرَقَ: (A:) or he journeyed during a night of full moon. (T, K.) -A2- It (an unripe date) became red. (TA.) [See also 1.] -A3- ابدر فِى المَالِ اليَتِيمِ: see 3.

6 تبادروا بادر تبادر تبادروا They hastened together; vied, or strove, one with another, in hastening; made haste to be, or get, before one another; strove, one with another, to be first, or beforehand. (S, TA.) You say, تبادروا اـِلَي أَخْذِ السِّلَاحِ, (TA,) and السِّلَاحَ ↓ ابتدروا, (S, TA,) They hastened together, &c., to take the weapons. (S.) And تبادروا البَاعَ [ They hastened together; or vied, or strove, one with another, in hastening; to attain power, or eminence, or nobility ] ; as also ↓ ابتدروهُ. (A.) nd تبادروا أَمْرًاآ: see 3, last sentence. ― -b2- هٰذَا مَا يَتَبَادَرُ مِنْهُ (assumed tropical:) [ This meaning is what appears from it (namely, the phrase, or sentence,) at first sight ]. (A phrase of frequent occurrence in the TA &c.)

8 اـِبْتَدَرَ see 3, in four places; and see 6, in two places. ― -b2- اِبْتَدَرَتْ عَيْنَاىَ My eyes flowed with tears. (TA, from a trad.)

Q. Q. 1 بَيْدَرَ بيدر He heaped up wheat. (K.)

بَدْرٌ بدر در , (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) originally an inf. n., (Msb,) The full moon; (M, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ بَادِرٌ; (L, K;) the moon in its fourteenth night: (S:) or the latter signifies [simply] the moon: (IAar, T:) the moon in its fourteenth night is called بدر because it hastens to rise before the sun sets; (S, M;) and to set before the sun rises: (TA:) or because of its fulness; (S, TA;) as being likened to a بَدْرَة: or, as Er-Rághib thinks to be most probable, it is itself a primitive word: (TA:) pl. بُدُورٌ. (M, A.) Hence, لَيْلَةُ البَدْرِ [ The night of the full moon; which is] the fourteenth night [ of the lunar month ]. (S.) ― -b2- (tropical:) A lord, master, or chief, (M, K,) of a people: so called as being likened to the full moon. (M.) ― -b3- Applied to a boy, (Zj, M, K,) (tropical:) Full of youthful vigour and of flesh: (Zj:) or full, or plump: (M:) or i. q. ↓ مُبَادِرٌ [ precocious ]. (T, K.) [In this sense, an epithet; and so its fem. بَدْرَةٌ (q. v.), applied to an eye.] ― -b4- (tropical:) A cover; or a dish or plate; syn. طَبَقٌ: (Ibn-Wahb, K:) because resembling the full moon, being round: so Az thinks. (TA.) ― -b5- See also بَدْرَةٌ, in two places.

بَدْرَةٌ بدر بدره بدرة در درة , applied to an eye (عَيْنٌ), Quick-sighted; or that sees before others: (As, T, S, K, TA:) or that sees before [ the eyes of ] other horses; applied to a horse's eye: (IAar, T, M:) or sharp-sighted: or round and large: (M:) or full like the full moon: (S, K:) but the correct meaning is [said to be] that [mentioned above as] given by IAar: (M:) or, accord. to IAar, full; not defective. (T.) -A2- Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ بَدْرٌ, (K,) The skin of a lamb or kid (S, M, K) when it has been weaned, (AZ, S, M,) used for milk: for [when it is killed] while it continues sucking, its skin, if used for milk, is called شَكْوَةٌ; and for clarified butter, عُكَّة: when it has been weaned, its skin for milk is called بَدْرَة; and for clarified butter, مِسْأَد: and when it is in its second year, its skin for milk is called وَطْب; and for clarified butter, نِحْى: (AZ, S:) pl. (of the former, M) بِدَرٌ and بُدُورٌ: (M, K:) the former said by El-Fárisee to be the only instance of the kind except هِضَبٌ pl. of هَضْبَةٌ, and بِضَعٌ pl. of بَضْعَةٌ [or this may be pl. of بِضْعَةٌ]. (M. [But the assertion of El-Fárisee is incorrect (see حَيْضَةٌ), unless it be meant to apply only to sound words; and in this case, at least one addition should be made, namely قِصَعٌ pl. of قَصْعَةٌ.]) ― -b2- Hence, (M,) the former word, (S, M, A, K, &c.,) and ↓ the latter also, (K,) The sum of ten thousand dirhems: (S, A:) or a purse containing a thousand, (T, M, K,) or ten thousand, dirhems, (T, M, * A, K,) or seven thousand deenárs: (K:) pl. بُدُورٌ, (TA,) and pl. of pauc. بِدَرَاتٌ. (T.)

اِسْتَبَقْنَا البَدَرَى استبقنا البدرى استبقنا البدري We strove to outrun one another, vying, one with another, in haste. (M, K.)

بَدْرِىٌّ بدر بدرى بدري در دري Rain that is before (قَبْلَ), or a little before (قُبَيْلَ), or in the first part of (قُبُلَ), winter. (K, accord. to different copies: the second reading is that followed in the TA.) ― -b2- بَدْرِيَّةُ A she-camel whose mother has brought her forth at an earlier period of the year than that when the others brought forth, and therefore more abundant in milk than others, and of a more generous quality. (M.) ― -b3- And the former, A fat young camel weaned from its mother. (K.)

بَدَارِىٌّ بدارى بداري بداريي بدرة دار داري A lamb brought forth a little before winter. (TA.)

بَادِرٌ بادر : see بَدْرٌ.

بَيْدَرٌ بيدر a word of the dial. of El-'Irák, (A 'Obeyd in art. ربد in the TA,) A place in which wheat, (S, Mgh, K,) or grain, (Msb,) is trodden out. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) ― -b2- It may also mean, tropically, (tropical:) The wheat and straw therein: (Mgh:) or rather, as Az says, on the authority of IAar, it signifies [also] (Mgh) reaped grain collected together; or wheat collected together in the place in which it is trodden out; syn. كُدْسٌ, (M, Mgh, K,) and عَرَمَةٌ: (Mgh:) Kr restricts it to wheat. (M.) ― -b3- Accord. to the Towsheeh, it is [ A place] for [drying] dates. (TA in art. جرن.)

بَادِرَةٌ بادر بادره بادرة Hastiness of temper; passionateness: (S:) or a hasty saying, or action, that suddenly proceeds (يَبْدُرُ, in the CK يَبْدُو,) from one in anger: (M, A, * Mgh, * Msb, * K:) and a slip; a mistake; an error; (S, Msb;) on an occasion of one's being angry: (S:) or a bad, an abominable, or a foul, word or saying: and a quick fit of anger: (IAar, T:) pl. بَوَادِرُ, (S, A.) You say, أَخْشَى عَلَيْكَ بَادِرَتَهُ I fear for thee his hastiness of temper, or passionateness: (S:) or what may hastily proceed from him in his anger. (A.) And مِنْهُ يَوَادِرُ غَضَبٍ ↓ بَدَرَتْ Slips, mistakes, or errors, on an occasion of his being angry, hastily proceeded from him. (S.) And بَادِرَةُ الشَّرِّ signifies What hastily, or suddenly, befalls one, of evil, or mischief. (M.) ― -b2- An intuitive knowledge, notion, or idea; or a faculty of judging rightly at the first of an unexpected occurrence; or a faculty of extemporizing; syn. بَدِيهَهٌ. (S, K.) You say, فُلَانُ حَسَنُ البَادِرَةِ Such a one has a good intuitive knowledge, &c. (TA.) ― -b3- The point of a sword. (M, K.) ― -b4- The extremity of an arrow, next the head. (A.) ― -b5- The head of a plant; (M;) the first part thereof from which the earth cleaves asunder. (M, K. *) ― -b6- The first that appears of the [plant called] حِنَّاآء. (M.) ― -b7- The leaves of the [herb called ] حُوَّاآءَة. (K.) ― -b8- The best, and freshest in growth, of the [plant called ] وَرْس. (M, K. *) ― -b9- Also, (M, K,) or بَوَادِرُ, (S, A,) which is the pl., (K,) of a man &c., (S, M,) The portion of flesh, (S, M, K,) or the portions thereof, (A,) between the shoulder-joint and the neck, (S, M, K,) or between the necks and the shoulderjoints: (A:) or the former, (K,) or its dual, (M,) of a man, the two portions of flesh that are above the رُغَثَاوَانِ and below the ثَنْدُوَة: (M, K:) or the dual, [relating to a camel, signifies] the two sides of the كِرْكِرَة [or callous lump on the breast ]: or two veins on either side thereof. (M.) ― -b10- بَوَادِرُ الخَيْلِ ↓ بَدَرَتْ The first, or fore parts, (أَوَائِل,) of the horses appeared [or suddenly came in view ]. (Msb.)

بَدْرَةٌ مُبَدَّرَةٌ بدرة مبدره بدرة مبدرة [ A sum such as is termed بدرة aggregated, made up, or completed ]: the latter word is a corroborative; like the latter in قَنَاطِيرُ مُقَنْطَرَةٌ, (Ksh and Bd in iii. 12,) and in أَلْفٌ مُؤَلَّفَةٌ. (Ksh ibid.)

مُبَادِرٌ مبادر applied to a boy: see بَدْرٌ.

1 بَدَعَهُ بدع بدعه بدعة دعة : see 4, in two places. -A2- بَدُعَ, aor. بَدُعَ , inf. n. بَدَاعَةٌ and بُدُوعٌ, He became superlative in his kind; or it became so in its kind; (Ks, K;) in good or in evil. (Ks.) -A3- بَدِعَ, aor. بَدَعَ , He was, or became, fat. (As, K.)

2 بدّعهُ بدع بدعه بدعة دعة , (S, K,) inf. n. تَبْدِيعٌ, (K,) He attributed to him, imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, innovation, or what is termed بِدْعَة; expl. by نَسَبَهُ اـِلَى البِدْعَةِ [which means نَسَبَ اـِلَيْهِ البِدْعَةَ]. (S, K.)

4 ابدعهُ أبدع أبدعه ابدعه ابدعة بدع He originated it; invented it; devised it; excogitated it; innovated it; made it, did it, produced it, caused it to be or exist, or brought it into existence, newly, for the first time, it not having been or existed before, and not after the similitude of anything pre-existing; syn. اِخْتَرَعَهُ لَا عَلَى مِثَالٍ, (S,) and اسْتَخْرَجَهُ, and أَحْدَثَهُ, (Msb,) and أَبْدَأَهُ; (K, TA; but in both without the pronoun;) as also ↓ ابتدعه; (Msb;) syn. اِبْتَدَأَهُ, and أَحْدَثَهُ, (Mgh,) and أَنْشَأَهُ, (K,) and بَدَأَهُ; (TA;) and so ↓ بَدَعَهُ, aor. بَدَعَ , (K, TA,) inf. n. بَدْعٌ; (TA;) but أَبْدَعَ is more commonly used than بَدَعَ. (TA.) You say, ابدع ا@للّٰهُ الخَلْقَ God created the creation, not after any similitude. (Msb.) And in the Kur [lvii. 27], we find, ↓ وَ رَهْبَانِيَّةً ا@بْتَدَعُوهَا And monkery which they originated, or innovated. (TA.) And you say, ↓ بَدَعَ الرَّكِيَّةَ, (IDrd, K,) inf. n. بَدْعٌ, (IDrd,) He produced, or fetched out, by his labour in digging, the water of the well; (IDrd, K;) and originated it; or made it to be for the first time, it not having been before. (IDrd.) And ابدع الرَّجُلُ The man introduced an innovation, or what is termed a بِدْعَة; [the object being understood;] as also ↓ ابتدع. (TA.) And ابدع الشَّاعِرُ The poet produced a new saying, or new poetry, not after the similitude of anything preceding. (S, * K, * TA.) ― -b2- ابدعت الرَّاحِلَةُ, (S, K,) or الرِّكَابُ, (Ks, Mgh,) The ridden camel, or travelling camel, became fatigued, or jaded, and broke down, or perished; (Ks, S, Mgh, K;) as though doing a new thing: (Ks, Mgh:) or the former phrase, (K,) followed by بِهِ, (TA,) she limped [with him], halted, or was slightly lame: (K, TA:) or she lay down upon her breast in the road, by reason of emaciation or disease: or she ceased from going on, by reason of fatigue, or of limping, or halting, or slight lameness; as though she did a new and unaccustomed thing: (TA:) or ابداع is not without limping, or halting, or slight lameness, (K, TA,) accord. to certain of the Arabs of the desert; but, says AO, this is not at variance with the explanations given. (TA.) And أُبْدِعَ بِالرَّجُلِ The man's camel which he rode became fatigued, or jaded: (S:) or أُبْدِعَ بِفُلَانٍ (Mgh, K) such a one's camel which he rode ceased from going on, by reason of fatigue or lameness: (Mgh:) or broke down, or perished, (K, TA,) or became fatigued, or jaded, (TA,) and he became unable to prosecute his journey; (K, TA;) and his beast became so fatigued that it was left to remain where it was; or stood still with him. (TA.) [See also أُعْبِدَ بِهِ.] It is said in a proverb, اـِذَا طَلَبْتَ البَاطِلَ أُبْدِعَ بِكَ [ When thou seekest what is vain, or false, thou wilt be prevented from attaining thine object ]. (TA.) ― -b3- أَبْدَعَ فُلَانٌ بِفُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one prevented such a one from attaining his wish, (قَطَعَ بِهِ,) and abstained from aiding, or assisting, him, and did not undertake the accomplishment of his want, (Lh, K, TA,) and was not [at hand] when he thought he would be. (TA.) ― -b4- أَبْدَعَتْ حُجَّتُهُ (tropical:) His argument, or plea, or the like, was, or became, vain, or false, or ineffectual: (Aboo-Sa'eed, K:) or was, or became, weak. (A, TA.) And أُبْدِعَتْ حُجَّتُهُ (tropical:) His argument, or plea, &c., was rendered vain, or ineffectual. (Aboo-Sa'eed, K, * TA.) أَبْدَعَ بِرُّهُ بِشُكْرِى وَفَضْلُهُ وَ اـيجَابُهُ بِوَصْفِى (assumed tropical:) [ His kindness has crippled my power of thanking, and his bounty, and the obligation which he has imposed, my power of description ]: so in the L; but in the O and K, قَصْدُهُ [ his intention ] is put in the place of فضله; and in the K, وايجابه is omitted: (TA:) said when one thanks another for his beneficence, acknowledging that his thanks are inadequate to his beneficence. (K.) -A2- ابدع بِالحَجِّ, and بِالسَّفَرِ, He determined, resolved, or decided, upon pilgrimage, and upon journeying. (TA.) ― -b2- ابدع يَمِينًا He rendered an both binding, or obligatory. (IAar.) -A3- ابدعوا بِهِ They beat him, or struck him. (TA.)

5 تبدّع أبدع بدع تبدع He turned innovator. (O, K.) Ru-beh says, أِنْ كُنْتَ لِلٰهِ التَّقِىَّ الأَطْوَعَا فَلَيْسَ وَجْهَ الحَقِّ أَنْ تَبَدَّعَا [ If thou be, towards God, the pious, the very obedient, it is not the right way that thou shouldst turn innovator ]. (TA.)

8 اـِبْتَدَعَ see 4, in three places.

10 استبدعهُ أستبدعه استبدعه استبدعة ٱستبدع ٱستبدعه He reckoned it بَدِيع [i. e. new, wonderful, unknown before ]. (S, K.)

بِدْعٌ بدع بدعة i. q. ↓ بَدِيعٌ, q. v., and ↓ مُبْتَدَعٌ; (S;) [but generally used as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant; signifying] A novelty; or thing existing for the first time: (K:) and i. q. ↓ بَدِيعٌ and ↓ مُبْتَدِعٌ, a first doer; as though meaning one who has none among his fellows to share, or participate, with him in a thing, or an affair: (Msb:) pl. أَبْدَاعٌ. (Akh, S.) You say, فُلَانٌ بِدْعٌ فِى هٰذا الأَمْرِ, (S, Msb,) i. e. ↓ بَدِيعٌ, (S,) meaning Such a one is the first doer in this affair; the first who has done it. (Msb.) And hence the saying in the Kur [xlvi. 8], قُلْ مَا كُنْتُ بِدْعًا مِنَ الرُّسُلِ (S, Msb, TA) Say thou, I am not the first who has been sent of the apostles: (Msb, TA:) or the meaning is, I am not an innovator among the apostles; inviting you to that to which they do not invite you; or able to do that which they were not able to do: and accord. to one reading, it is ↓ بِدَعًا; as being [a sing. epithet] like قِيَمٌ; or for ذَا بِدَعٍ [in which the latter word is pl. of بِدْعَةٌ]. (Bd.) ― -b2- Applied to a man, (TA,) Superlative (Ks, K) in his kind (Ks) in anything; (K;) in good and in evil; (Ks;) or in knowledge, or courage, or nobility: (K:) fem. with ة: pl. of the mase. أَبْدَاعٌ [a pl. of pauc., which is also, as is said in the L, applied to women,] and بُدُعٌ [a pl. of mult.]; and pl. of the fem. بِدَعٌ. (K.) ↓ A man liberal in disposition; syn. غَمْرٌ. (IAar, K.) ― -b3- A full body. (K.)

بِدَعٌ بدع بدعة : see بِدْعٌ. ― -b2- It is also pl. of بِدْعَةٌ, [both as a subst. and] as fem. of بِدْعٌ. (K.)

بِدْعَةٌ بدع بدعه بدعة دعة An innovation; a novelty; anything originated, invented, or innovated; anything made, done, produced, caused to be or exist, or brought into existence, newly, for the first time, it not having been or existed before, and not after the similitude of anything pre-existing: (ISK:) a dissentient state or condition: (Msb:) a subst. from اِبْتِدَاعٌ, like رِفْعَةٌ from اِرْتِفَاعٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) and خِلْفَةٌ from اِخْتِلَافٌ: (Mgh:) subsequently and generally applied to an addition, or an impairment, in religion: (Mgh, Msb:) or a novelty, or an innovation, in religion, after the completion [thereof ]: (S, K:) or an opinion declining, or swerving, from the right way, and an action, innovated after [the time of] the Prophet: (Lth, K:) or an action at variance with the Sunneh: (KT:) [generally a heretical innovation; or a new heresy: but] there is a بدعة not disapproved, termed بِدْعَةٌ مُبَاحَةٌ [ an allowed, or allowable, innovation ]; which is that whereof the goodness is attested by some principle in the law, or which is required to prevent some cause of evil; such as the Khaleefeh's seclusion of himself from the promiscuous classes of the people: (Msb:) there are two kinds of بدعة; namely بِدْعَةٌ هُدًى [ an innovation of a right kind ], and بِدْعَةٌ ضَلَالٍ [ an innovation of an erroneous kind ]. (IAth.)

بَدِيعٌ بديع i. q. بِدْعٌ, which see in three places, (S, Msb,) and ↓ مُبْتَدَعٌ; [i. e. Originated; invented; innovated; made, done, produced, caused to be or exist, or brought into existence, newly, for the first time, not having been or existed before, and not after the similitude of anything pre-existing; ] (S, Msb, K;) new; wonderful; unknown before. (TA.) You say, جِئْتَ بِأَمْرٍ بَدِيعٍ Thou hast done a new thing; a wonderful thing; a thing unknown before: and ↓ أَمْرٌ بَادِعٌ signifies the same as أَمْرٌ بَدِيعٌ. (TA.) And جَاآءَ بِا لبَدِيعِ, (S,) or أَتَى بِالبَدَيعِ, (K,) said of a poet, (S, K,) He produced a new saying, or new poetry, not after the similitude of anything preceding. (TA.) And حَبْلٌ بَدشيعٌ A new rope: (AHn:) or a rope begun to be twisted, not being yet a rope, but undone, then spun, then twisted again. (K.) And زِمَامٌ بَدِيعٌ A new nose-rein of a camel. (TA.) And رَكِيَّةٌ بَدِيعٌ A newly-dug well. (TA.) [See also بَدِىْءٌ.] And بَدِيعٌ alone, A skin for wine &c.: (S:) or a new skin for wine &c.: (K:) and a new skin for water or milk: an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant. (TA.) Hence the trad., اـِنَّ تِهَامَةَ كَبَدِيعِ العَسَلِ حُلْوٌ أَوَّلُهُ حُلْوٌ اآخِرُهُ [ Verily Tihámeh is like the skin, or new skin, of honey: the first part thereof is sweet: the last part thereof is sweet ]: (S, K *:) because honey does not change in flavour, whereas milk does change. (S.) ― -b2- Fat; as an epithet: (As, K:) pl. بُدْعٌ. (K.) -A2- Also i. q. ↓ مُبْتَدِعٌ [ An originator, inventor, or innovator; one who makes, does, produces, causes to be or exist, or brings into existence, newly, for the first time, and not after the similitude of anything pre-existing ]: (S, K:) of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ, like قَدِيرٌ in the sense of قَادِرٌ; from بَدَعَ. (TA.) [See also بِدْعٌ.] You say, اَللّٰهُ بَدِيعٌ السَّمٰوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ God is the Creator of the heavens and the earth, not after the similitude of anything pre-existing. (Aboo-Is-hák, S. *) And hence البَدِيعُ is a name of God, meaning The Originator of the creation, according to his own will, not after the similitude of anything pre-existing. (TA.)

[ بَدِيعَةٌ بديع بديعه بديعة A new, and an admirable, or a wonderful, thing; and especially such in speech, or language, in poetry, and in answering, or replying: pl. بَدَائِعُ: see an ex. voce بَدِيهَةٌ.]

بَادِعٌ بادع : see بَدِيعٌ.

مُبْتَدَعٌ مبتدع : see بِدْعٌ and بَدِيعٌ, each in two places.

مُبْتَدِعٌ مبتدع : see بِدْعٌ and بَدِيعٌ, each in two places.

1 بَدَلَ بدل بدلة دل , inf. n. بَدَالٌ: see 2, in three places.

2 تَبْدِيلٌ تبديل properly signifies [The changing, or altering, a thing; or] the changing, or altering, the form, or fashion, or semblance, or the quality, or condition, [of a thing,] to another form, &c., while the substance remains the same; (Th, T, TA;) or the changing a thing from its state, or condition; (Ibn-'Arafeh, TA;) or the changing a thing without substitution: (S:) but the Arabs have used it also in the sense of ↓ اـِبْدَالٌ, (Mbr, T, TA,) which signifies [the changing a thing by substitution; exchanging it; replacing it with another thing; or] the removing, or displacing, the substance [of a thing], and introducing anew another substance. (Th, T, TA.) You say, بَدَّلْتُهُ, inf. n. تَبْدِيلٌ, (M, * Msb, K,) meaning I changed it, or altered it; (M, K) or I changed, or altered, the form, or fashion, or semblance, or the quality, or condition, of it; (Msb;) as in the phrase, بَدَّلْتُ الخَاتَمَ بِالحَلْقَةِ [ I changed, or altered, the signet-ring into the simple ring ], said when one has melted the former and made of it a simple ring; (Fr, T, TA;) and بَدَّلَ ا@للّٰهُ السَّيِئَّاتِ حَسَنَاتٍ [ God changed the evil deeds into good deeds ]; the verb being doubly trans. by itself because it has the meaning of جَعَلَ and صَيَّرَ. (Msb. [But see what follows.]) ↓ أَبْدَلْتُهُ بِكَذَا, [in the S, أَبْدَلْتُ الشَّىْءَ بِغَيْرِهِ, without explanation,] inf. n. اـِبْدَالٌ, [ I changed it by substituting for it such a thing, or exchanged it for such a thing, or replaced it with such a thing, ] is said when one has removed the first, and put the second in its place; (Msb;) as in the phrase, أَبْدَلْتُ الخَاتَمَ بِالحَلْقَةِ [ I changed the signet-ring by substituting for it the simple ring; exchanged the signet-ring for the simple ring; or replaced the signet-ring with the simple ring ]; said when one removes the one, and puts the other in its place: (Fr, T, TA:) and this verb is also made doubly trans. by itself, like بَدَّلْتُ, (Msb,) which is used in the sense of أَبْدَلْتُ [as shown above]; (Mbr, T, TA;) for instance, where it is said, [in the Kur lxvi. 5,] عَسَى رَبُّهُ اـِنْ طَلَّقَكُنَّ أَنْ يُبْدِلَهُ أَزْوَجًا خَيْرًا مِنْكُنَّ [ May-be, his Lord, if he divorce you, will give him in exchange wives better than you ]; accord to one reading, يُبَدِّلَهُ (Msb.) An ex. of the latter of these two verbs in the sense of the former is the saying in the Kur [xxv. 70], يُبَدِّلُ ا@للّٰهُ سَيِّاآتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ [ God will change their evil deeds by substituting for them good deeds ]; i. e. will cancel the evil deeds and put in their place good deeds: but in the saying in the Kur [iv. 59], كُلَّمَا نَضِجَتْ جُلُودُهُمْ بَدَّلْنَاهُمْ جُلُودًا غَيْرَهَا [ Whenever their skins are thoroughly burned, we will change the condition thereof to them into the condition of other skins ], the meaning is, that the first condition of their skins shall be restored; so that the substance is one, but the condition is different. (Mbr, T, TA.) You say also, بَدَّلَهُ ا@للّٰهُ مَنَ الخَوْفِ أَمْنًا [ God gave him in exchange for fear, or in lieu of fear, security ]. (S.) [And بَدَّلَهُ بِهِ كَذَا He gave him in exchange for it, or in lieu of it, such a thing: see Kur xxxiv. 15. And بدّل مَكَانَهُ كَذَا He gave in exchange for it, or in lieu of it, such a thing: see Kur vii. 93 and xvi. 103.] بَدَّلَ حُسْنًا بَعْدَ سُوْءٍ, in the Kur [xxvii. 11], means He hath done good [by way of exchange after evil ]; i. e., repented; (Jel;) or بَدَّلَ ذَنْبُهُ بِالتَوْبَةِ [ hath exchanged his sin for repentance ]. (Bd.) تَبْدِيلٌ and ↓ اـِبْدَالٌ both signify The act of exchanging [a thing for another thing]; or making [a thing] to be a substitute [for another thing]; (KL, PS;) and so does ↓ بَدَالٌ. (KL.) You say, بدّل الشَّىْءَ مِنَ الشَىْءِ, (M, K, *) and مِنْهُ ↓ ابدلهُ, i. e. اِتَّخَذَهُ مِنْهُ بَدلًا [here meaning He exchanged the thing for the thing; or, more literally, he made the thing a substitute for the thing ]. (M, K. [In the text of the former of these, as given in the TT, instead of اِتَّخَذَهُ, I find تَخِذَ (a dial. var. of اِتَّخَذَ) without the affixed pronoun, which is meant to be understood or is omitted inadvertently by the transcriber: and here it should be observed, that the explanation which I have rendered as above admits of another meaning, namely, أَخَذَهُ مِنْهُ بَدَلًا “he took it as a substitute for it:” in the M, immediately before, أَخَذَهُ مِنْهُ بَدَلًا is given as the explanation of the phrases تبدّل الشَّىْءَ and بِالشَّىْءِ, and استبدلهُ and بِهِ: see 10.]) You say also, الثَّوْبَ بِغَيْرِهِ ↓ بَدَلْتُ, aor. بَدُلَ , [inf. n. بَدَالٌ, mentioned and explained above, I exchanged the garment, or piece of cloth, for another; or made it to be a substitute for another; ] and ↓ اِسْتَبْدَلْتُهُ بِغَيْرِهِ signifies the same. (Msb. [But the latter phrase has more frequently another meaning, explained below: see 10.]) [↓ ابدلهُ in the phrases ابدلهُ كَذَا as meaning He changed it into, or substituted for it, such a thing, and ابدلهُ مِنْ كَذَا as meaning he changed it from, or substituted it for, such a thing, is more common than بدّله, which is used in the same sense; as ↓ بَدَلَهُ is also; for] AO applies the term ↓ مَبْدُولٌ [in lieu of the more common term ↓ مُبْدَلٌ] to a letter that is changed from another letter, as in مَدَهْتُهُ for مَدَحْتُهُ; and this shows that بَدَلْتُ is trans. [and signifies I changed, &c.]. (Az, TA.)

3 مُبَادَلَةٌ مبادل مبادله مبادلة and ↓ تَبَادَلٌ signify the same, (S,) namely, The act of exchanging with another or others. (PS.) You say, بادلهُ, inf. n. مُبَادَلَةٌ and بِدَالٌ [in the CK erroneously written with fet-h to the ب], He exchanged, or made an exchange, with him; or] he gave him the like of that which he took, or received, from him; (IDrd, * M, K;) for instance, a garment, or piece of cloth, in the place of another; (Lth, T, Msb, * in explanation of the former inf. n.;) and a brother in the place of a brother. (Lth, T.) And ↓ تَبَادَلَا They exchanged, or made an exchange, each with the other; or each gave to the other the like of that which he took, or received, from him. (TA.) نُبَادِلُهْ, ending a verse of El-Kulákh, means for whom we would take a substitute: El-Marzookee says, it is for نُبَادِلُ بِهِ النَّاسَ [ for whom we would make an exchange with the people ]; the preposition being suppressed. (Ham p. 465.)

4 ابدلهُ أبدل أبدله ابدله ابدلة بدل , inf. n. اـِبْدَالٌ: see 2, in five places.

5 تبدّل أبدل بدل تبدل It (a thing, M) became changed, or altered. (M, K.) ― -b2- In the saying of the rájiz, فَبُدِّلَتْ وَالدَّهْرُ ذُو تَبَدُّلِ the meaning is, ذو تَبْدِيل [i. e. the meaning of the whole is, And, or but, she was changed, or altered; for time has the property of changing, or altering ]. (M.) -A2- See also 10, in three places.

6 تَبَاْدَلَ see 3, in two places.

10 استبدل الشَّىْءَ 10 and بِالشَّىْءِ , and ↓ تبدّلهُ and بِهِ, (M, K, *) He took a substitute, or a thing in exchange, for the thing. (M.) You say, استبدل الشَّىْءَ بِغَيْرِهِ, and بِهِ ↓ تبدّلهُ, He took the thing [as a substitute, or in exchange, for another; or] in the place of another. (S.) And استبدل ثَوْبًا مَكَانَ ثَوْبٍ [ He took a garment, or piece of cloth, in the place, or in lieu, of a garment, &c.]; and أَخًا مَكَانَ أَخٍ [ a brother in the place, or in lieu, of a brother ]. (Lth, T.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 58], أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ ا@لَّذِى هُوَ أَدْنَى بِالَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ Will ye take in exchange that which is worse for that which is better? (Jel. [See also other exs. in the Kur ix. 39 and xlvii. last verse.]) And الكُفْرَ بِالْاـِيمَانِ ↓ مَنْ يَتَبَدَّلِ [ Whoso adopteth infidelity in lieu of faith ]. (Kur ii. 102. [See also other exs. in the Kur iv. 2 and xxxiii. 52.]) ― -b2- See also 2, last sentence but one.

بِدْلٌ بدل بدلة دل : see the next paragraph, in four places.

بَدَلٌ بدل بدلة دل and ↓ بِدْلٌ, (Fr, T, S, M, Msb, K,) like مَثَلٌ and مِثْلٌ, and شَبَهٌ and شِبْهٌ, (Fr, T, S,) and نَكَلٌ and نِكَلٌ, the only other instances of the kind, i. e. of words of both these measures, that have been heard, accord. to AO, (S, TA, [but in one copy of the S, I find A'Obeyd,]) and ↓ بَدِيلٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) all signify the same; (S, M, Msb, K;) namely, A substitute; a thing given, or received, or put, or done, instead of, in place of, in lieu of, or in exchange for, another thing; a compensation; syn. خَلَفٌ, (M, K,) and عِوَضٌ: (Kull:) بَدَلُ الشَّىْءِ [and البَدَلُ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ] and ↓ بِدْلُهُ ↓ بَدِيلُهُ meaning الخَلَفُ مِنْهُ [ the substitute for the thing; &c.]; (M, K;) i. e., another thing: (S:) pl. أَبْدَالٌ, (IDrd, Msb, K,) which, as pl. of ↓ بَدِيلٌ, has few parallels. (IDrd, TA.) Sb says, [making a distinction between بَدَلٌ and ↓ بَدِيلٌ,] you say, اـِنَّ بَدَلَكَ زَيْدٌ, i. e. Verily Zeyd is in thy place: but if you put بَدَل in the place of بَدِيلِ, you say, اـِنَّ بَدَلَكَ زَيْدٌ, i. e. ↓ اـِنَّ بِدَيلَكَ زَيْدٌ [ Verily thy substitute is Zeyd ]: and a man says to another, Go thou with such a one; and he replies, مَعِىَ رَجُلٌ بَدَلُهُ, i. e. With me is a man who stands in his stead, and is in his place, or who will stand &c. (M.) You say also, بَلَ كَذَا [and بَدَلًا مِنْ كَذَا], meaning Instead of, in the place of, in lieu of, or in exchange for, such a thing. (Kull.) [And بَدَلَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا Instead of thy doing thus. ] ― -b2- الأَبْدَالُ (IDrd, S, M, K, &c.) and البُدَلَاآءُ (TA) [ The Substitutes, or Lieutenants;] certain righteous persons, of whom the world is never destitute; when one dies, God substituting another in his place: (S:) certain persons by means of whom God rules the earth; (M, K;) consisting of seventy men, (IDrd, M, K,) according to their assertion, of whom the earth is never destitute; (IDrd, TA;) forty of whom are in Syria, and thirty in the other countries; (IDrd, M, K;) none of them dying without another's supplying his place, (M, K,) from the rest of mankind; (K;) and therefore they are named ابدال: (M:) accord. to Abu-lBakà, as stated by El-Munáwee, it seems that they meant [by this appellation] the substitutes and successors of the prophets; and accord. to some, they were seven, neither more nor fewer, by means of whom God takes care of the seven climates; one being successor of Abraham (ElKhaleel), and to him pertains the first climate; the second, of Moses (El-Keleem); the third, of Aaron; the fourth, of Idrees; the fifth, of Joseph; the sixth, of Jesus; and the seventh, of Adam: (TA: [in which is also mentioned a treatise denying their existence, and disapproving of the assertion that by means of them God takes care of the earth:]) the sing. is بَدَلٌ and ↓ بِدْلٌ, (T,) or ↓ بَدِيلٌ. (IDrd, S.) ― -b3- حُرُوفُ البَدَلِ (M, K) The letters of substitution; those which are substituted for other letters; not those which are substituted in consequence of idghám. (M.) [The letters included under this appellation differ accord. to different authors: see De Sacy's Gram. Ar. 2nd ed. i. 33.] ― -b4- ↓ بِدْلٌ (Kr, M, K) and بَدَلٌ (M, K,) applied to a man, also signify Generous, and noble: (Kr, * M, K:) and used in these senses, [says ISd,] they are, in my opinion, not devoid of implication of the meaning of a substitute: (M:) the pl. is أَبْدَالٌ (M, K.)