Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

1 صَحِبَهُ ذ , aor. صَحَبَ , inf. n. صُحْبَةٌ (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and صَحَابَةٌ (S, A, K) and صِحَابَةٌ, (K,) He associated, kept company, or consorted, with him; (A, K;) [ he accompanied him; ] he was, or became, his companion, associate, comrade, fellow, friend, or fellow-traveller: (MA:) and ↓ صاحبهُ signifies the same. (TA. [See this latter verb below.]) ― -b2- [Hence] one says, صَحِبَكَ ا@للّٰهُ and ↓ صَاحَبَكَ, (A, TA,) [inf. n. of the former (in the TA inadvertently said to be of the latter) صِحَابَةٌ, (said in the TA to be with kesr,) or صَحَابَةٌ, and, as will be shown by what follows, صُحْبَةٌ also,] (tropical:) May God guard, keep, protect, or defend, thee; may God be thy guardian, keeper, &c.: (TA in explanation of the former:) and أَحْسَنَ ا@للّٰهُ صَحَابَتَكَ (A, and Ham p. 443) or صِحَابَتَكَ (TA) (tropical:) [ May God make the guarding, &c., of thee to be good ]. And (TA) [in like manner,] فُلَانًا ↓ اصحب signifies (assumed tropical:) He guarded, kept, or protected, such a one; as also ↓ اصطحبهُ: and he defended such a one; syn. مَنَعَهُ: (K, TA:) one says, بِصُحْبَةٍ ↓ اَللّٰهُمَّ أَصْحِبْنَا وَأَقْلِبْنَا بِذِمَّةٍ (assumed tropical:) O God, guard us with thy guarding in our journey, and make us to return with thy safeguard to our country, or land, &c.; occurring in a trad.: (TA:) and ↓ وَلَا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ, (A, TA,) in the Kur [xxi. 44], (TA,) means (tropical:) Nor shall they (i. e. the unbelievers, TA) be defended from us, (A, TA,) as expl. by Zj; (TA;) and preserved in safety: (A:) or, accord. to Katádeh, nor shall they be attended by good from us: or, as some say, it is from the phrase صَحِبَكَ ا@للّٰهُ meaning as expl. above. (TA.) ― -b3- See also 4, last sentence but one. -A2- صَحَبَ, aor. صَحَبَ , (K,) inf. n. صَحْبٌ, (TK,) He skinned a slaughtered animal. (K.)

3 صاحبهُ ذ , (MA,) inf. n. دُصَاحَبَةٌ, (KL,) i. q. صَحِبَهُ; (TA;) He associated, kept company, or consorted, with him. (MA, KL.) See 1, first and second sentences. ― -b2- And see the next paragraph, last sentence but one.

4 أَصْحَبْتُهُ قُلَانًا ذ [ I made such a one to be a companion, or an associate, to him ]. (A.) And أَصْحَبْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ (tropical:) I made the thing to be [ as it were ] a companion to him; (S, K, TA;) and so ↓ استصحبتهُ; as in the saying, استصحبته الكِتَابَ وَغَيْرَهُ (tropical:) I made the book, or writing, &c., to be [ as it were ] his companion. (S, * TA.) ― -b2- And اصحبهُ (tropical:) He did to him that which caused him to be a companion, or an associate, to him. (A, TA.) ― -b3- And (tropical:) He left upon it, namely, a skin, its hair, (S, A,) or its wool; not subjecting it to the process termed عَطْنٌ. (S.) ― -b4- See also 1, in three places. -A2- اصحب, intrans., He (a man) became one having a companion, or an associate: (K, TA: [in the latter said to be tropical; but, I think, without reason:]) and he was, or became, one having companions, or associates. (TA.) ― -b2- And [hence,] (tropical:) He (a man) had a son who had attained to manhood (S, A, TA) and so become like him: (TA;) i. e. he was alone, and became one having a companion; (A;) or as though his son became his companion. (TA.) ― -b3- And (tropical:) He (a camel, and a horse or similar beast, S, TA, or an animal, and a man to a man, A, TA *) became tractable, submissive, or obsequious, after being refractory, or incompliant; (S, A, TA;) [and so ↓ صَاحَبَ, as is implied by an explanation of its part. n. مُصَاحِبٌ; and ↓ استصحب, for] hence, (A,) one says also, اِسْتَصْعَبَ تُمَّ ا@سْتَصْحَبَ (tropical:) [ He was refractory, or incompliant: then he became tractable, submissive, or obsequious ]: (A, TA:) and accord. to A 'Obeyd, one says, ↓ صَحِبْتُ الرَّجُلَ, from الصُّحْبَةُ, and أَصْحَبْتُ [app. اصحبت لَهُ], meaning (assumed tropical:) I became tractable, submissive, or obsequious, to the man. (TA.) ― -b4- And, said of water, (tropical:) It became overspread with [ the green substance termed ] طُحْلُب. (S, A. *)

5 يَتَصَحَّبُ مِنَّا ذ (assumed tropical:) He is ashamed, or bashful, with respect to us; or shy of us; (K, TA;) i. e. he is ashamed to sit with us, or shy of sitting with us. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA.) And فُلَانٌ مَا يَتَصَحَّبُ مِنْ شَىْءٍ (tropical:) Such a one does not guard himself against anything, and is not ashamed to do it, or shy of doing it, does not shun it, or avoid it. (A.)

6 تَصَاْحَبَ see the next paragraph, in two places.

8 اصطحبوا ذ , (S, A, K,) originally اصتحبوا, (S,) They associated, kept company, or consorted, one with another; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ تصاحبوا: (A:) and in like manner اصطحبا and ↓ تصاحبا said of two men. (TA.) -A2- اصطحبهُ: see 1.

10 استصحبهُ ذ He desired him, or demanded him, as a companion, an associate, a comrade, or a friend: (MA:) or he invited him to associate, keep company, or consort, with him: and he clave to him: (A, K:) [ he chose him, or took him, as a companion, &c.: and] he had him with him. (MA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] one says, اِسْتَصْحَبْتُ كِتَابًا لِى (tropical:) [ I made a book a companion to me; or I made a book belonging to me my companion ]. (A, L, TA.) And اِسْتَصْحَبْتُ الكِتَابَ وَغَيْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) I carried the book &c. with me. (Msb.) And one says of anything, استصحبهُ as meaning (assumed tropical:) It clave, adhered, or held-fast, to it; namely, another thing; (IF, S, Msb, TA;) or coalesced, or united, with it. (S, TA.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce رَامِكٌ.] ― -b3- See also 4, second sentence: -A2- and see the last sentence but one of the same paragraph.

صَحْبٌ ذ : see صَاحِبٌ.

صُحْبَةٌ ذ an inf. n. of صَحِبَهُ [q. v.]. (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) ― -b2- [As a simple subst., Companionship. Hence, لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ, often occurring in biographies as meaning He had companionship with the Prophet; i. e. he was one of the Companions of the Prophet. And خَرَجْتُ صُحْبَةَ الرَّسُولِ, frequently occurring in trads., meaning I went forth in the companionship of the Apostle, or in company with the Apostle. Hence also] one says, حَمَلْتُ الكِتَابَ صُحْبَتِى (assumed tropical:) [ I carried the book with me ]. (Msb.) صُحْبَةُ السَّفِينَةِ [ The companionship of the ship ] is a post-classical phrase, denoting, by way of comparison, that which has no permanence. (Har p. 258.) ― -b3- See also صَاحِبٌ, of which it is a quasipl. n.

صَحَابَةٌ ذ an inf. n. of صَحِبَهُ [q. v.]. (S, A, K.) ― -b2- See also صَاحِبٌ, of which it is a quasi-pl. n. [الصَّحَابَةُ is commonly applied to The Companions of the Prophet: ] ↓ صَحَابِىٌّ [is the n. un., meaning a Companion of the Prophet; and] is conventionally applied to one who saw Mohammad, and whose companionship with him was long, even if he have not related anything from him; or, as some say, even if his companionship with him was not long. (KT.)

صَحَابِىٌّ ذ : see the next preceding paragraph.

صَاحِبٌ ذ A companion, an associate, a comrade, a fellow, or a friend; (A, MA, KL, TA;) a fellow-traveller: (MA:) [ an accomplice: (assumed tropical:) an accompanier, or attendant, as applied to a thing:] and (tropical:) a lord, or master; a possessor, an owner, an occupant, a haver, or a proprietor; of anything: (A, TA:) it is not trans. like the verb, therefore you may not say, زَيْدٌ صَاحِبٌ عَمْرًا; (TA;) [i. e.] it is not used as an act. part. n., but as a subst., like وَالِدٌ; (Ham p. 32:) the pl., (S, Msb,) or term applied to a pl. number, (A, K, TA,) is ↓ صَحْبٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) a pl. like رَكْبٌ of رَاكِبٌ, (S,) or [rather] a quasi-pl. n., (TA,) and أَصْحَابٌ, [the most common of all,] (A, Msb,) a pl. like أَشْهَادٌ of شَاهِدٌ, (TA,) or pl. of صَحْبٌ, like أَفْرَاخٌ of فَرْخٌ, (S,) and أَصَاحِيبُ, (S, K,) pl. of أَصْحَابٌ, (S,) and صُحْبَانٌ, (S, K,) a pl. like شُبَّانٌ of شَابٌّ, (S,) and صِحَابٌ, (S, A, K,) a pl. like جِيَاعٌ of جَائِعٌ, (S,) and صِحَابَةٌ, (A, K,) in which the ة may be regarded, agreeably with analogy, as an affix to the pl. صِحَابٌ characteristic of the fem. gender, (TA,) and ↓ صَحَابَةٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) which is more common than صِحَابَةٌ, (TA,) but the only instance of فَعَالَةٌ as the pl. measure of a word of the measure فَاعِلٌ, (L, TA,) or originally an inf. n., (S,) or not so, but a quasi-pl. n., though written like the inf. n. [that is said to be its original], (from a marginal note in a copy of the S,) and ↓ صُحْبَةٌ, (S, A,) a pl. like فُرْهَةٌ of فَارِهٌ, (S, TA,) or [rather] a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) the fem. is صَاحِبَةٌ, and its pl. is صَوَاحِبُ and صَوَاحِبَاتٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) the latter mentioned by AAF on the authority of Abu-l- Hasan: (TA:) hence, in a trad. of 'Áïsheh, أَنْتُنَّ صَوَاحِبُ يُوسُفَ [ Ye are the female companions, or the mistresses, of Joseph; meaning, enticers to lewdness]; or, as some relate it, صَوَاحِبَاتُ يُوسُفَ: (Mgh:) the dim. of صَاحِبٌ is ↓ صُوَيْحِبٌ (A) [and that of صَاحِبَهٌ is ↓ صُوَيْحِبَةٌ]. يَاصَاحِ for يَاصَاحِبِى [ O my companion, &c.,] is the only allowable instance of such curtailing of a prefixed noun, related as heard from the Arabs. (S, TA.) One says, فُلَانٌ صَاحِبُ صِدْقٍ [ Such a one is a good companion, &c.]. (A, * TA.) [And صَاحِبُ جَيْشِ The commander of an army. And صَاحِبُ البَرِيدِ and صَاحِبُ الشُّرْطَةِ &c.: see arts. برد and شرط &c. And الصَّاحِبُ, alone, in post-classical times applied to The Wezeer, when an officer of the pen: see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., ii. 59.] And صَاحِبُ اليَمِينِ [ The companion of the right hand ] and صَاحِبُ الشِّمَالِ [ The companion of the left hand ]; appellations of each man's recording angels, who write down his good and evil actions. (A trad. thus commencing in the Jámi' es-Sagheer.) And صَاحِبُ الصُّورِ (assumed tropical:) The angel who is the possessor of the horn. (Idem.) [And صَاحِبُ بَيْتٍ (assumed tropical:) The owner, or master, of a house or tent. ] And أَصْحَابُ الجَنَّةِ (assumed tropical:) [ The inmates, or occupants, of Paradise ]: (Kur ii. 76, &c.:) and أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ (assumed tropical:) [ The inmates, &c., of the fire of Hell]. (Kur ii. 37, &c.) And صَاحِبُ سِجْنٍ (assumed tropical:) An inmate of a prison. (Bd and Jel in xii. 39.) And صَاحِبُ الصَّفِّ وَالجُمْعَةِ (assumed tropical:) He who keeps to praying in the first rank and to the prayer of Friday. (El-Munáwee on a trad. thus commencing in the Jámi' es-Sagheer.) And أَصْجَابُ الشَّافِعِىِّ (tropical:) The followers of the persuasion of EshSháfi'ee: and in like manner one says of the followers of other persuasions. (Msb.) [And صَاحِبُ كِتَابٍ (assumed tropical:) The author of a book. ] And صَاحِبُ عِلْمٍ وَمَالٍ (tropical:) A possessor of science and of wealth. (A, TA.) And صَاحِبُ وِتْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [ One who has a claim for blood-revenge: see an ex. in a verse cited voce دَرَّاكٌ]. (Keys Ibn-Rifá'ah, TA in art. درك.) [And صَاحِبُ أَمْرٍ وَنَهْىٍ (assumed tropical:) One who possesses authority to command and to forbid. And صَاحِبُ أَمْرٍ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The author of an affair or event or action; the doer of a thing; the manager, or disposer, thereof: and one who keeps, or adheres, to a thing. And صَاحِبُ دَيْنٍ (assumed tropical:) A debtor. ] And one says, خَرَجَ وَصَاحِبَاهُ السَّيْفُ وَالرُّمْحُ (tropical:) [ He went forth, the sword and the spear being his companions ]. (A, TA.)

صُوَيْحِبٌ ذ and سُوَيْحِبَةٌ dims. of صَاحِبٌ and صَاحِبَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَصْحَبُ ذ i. q. أَصْحَرُ, (S, K,) Of a colour inclining to redness: applied to an ass [app. to a wild ass]. (S, TA.)

مُصْحَبٌ ذ [properly Made to have a companion. ― -b2- And hence,] (assumed tropical:) A man possessed by a jinnee or demon; a demoniac; or insane. (K, * TA.) ― -b3- See also مُصْحِبٌ. ― -b4- And (tropical:) A skin, or hide, (A, K,) or a [skin such as is termed] زِقّ, (S,) having its hair remaining upon it, (S, A, K,) or its wool, or its fur; (K;) and ↓ مَصْحُوبٌ signifies the same. (A.) Hence, قِرْبَةٌ مُصْحَبَةٌ (K, TA) (tropical:) A water-skin that has somewhat of its wool [or hair ] remaining upon it, and that has not been subjected to the process termed عَطْنٌ. (TA.) ― -b5- And (tropical:) A branch, or stick, that has not been stripped of its bark, or peel. (TA.)

مُصْحِبٌ ذ [properly Having a companion. ― -b2- And hence,] A man having a son that has attained to manhood, and become like him. (K, * TA.) ― -b3- And (tropical:) One who talks to himself; and so, sometimes, ↓ مُصْحَبٌ. (K, TA.) ― -b4- And (tropical:) Tractable, submissive, or obsequious, after being refractory, or incompliant; (K;) as also ↓ مُصَاحِبٌ, (A, K,) and ↓ مُسْتَصْحِبٌ. (TA. [See also the next paragraph.]) ― -b5- And (assumed tropical:) Going straight on, or right on, without delay. (K.)

هُوَ مِصْحَابٌ لَنَا بِمَا نُحِبُّ ذ (assumed tropical:) He is [ very ] submissive, or compliant, to us in that which we like. (K.) [See also مُصْحِبٌ.]

مَصْحُوبٌ ذ [ Associated with, or accompanied ]. ― -b2- [Hence,] one says [to a person departing], اِمْضِ مَصْحُوبًا (tropical:) Go thou, kept in safety, preserved from harm; and [so] ↓ مُصَاحَبًا: (A, TA:) and [in like manner,] in bidding farewell, مُعَافًا ↓ مُصَاحَبًا (tropical:) [Be thou kept in safety or health, preserved from harm ]: and a poet says, ↓ وَصَاحِبِى مِنْ دَوَاعِى السُّوْءِ مُصْطَحَبُ (assumed tropical:) [ And my companion is preserved, or defended, from the causes of evil ]. (TA.) ― -b3- See also مُصْحَبٌ.

مُصَاحَبٌ ذ : see مَصْحُوبٌ, in two places.

مُصَاحِبٌ ذ : see مُصْحِبٌ.

مُصْطَحَبٌ ذ : see مَصْحُوبٌ.

مُسْتَصْحِبٌ ذ : see مُصْحِبٌ.

1 صَحَرَهُ ذ , aor. صَحَرَ , (S, K,) inf. n. صَحْرٌ, (S, TA,) namely, milk, He made it to become what is termed صَحِيرَة: (S, TA:) or he cooked it, (K, TA,) and then gave it to a sick person to drink. (TA.) ― -b2- صَحَرَتْهُ الشَّمْسُ The sun pained his brain: (K:) it is like صَهَرَتْهُ; (A;) or, as some say, melted him. (TA.) -A2- صَحَرَ, aor. صَحَرَ , inf. n. صَحِيرٌ and صُحَارٌ, He (an ass) uttered a sound [or braying ] more vehement than the neighing of horses. (TA.) -A3- [Golius explains صَحَرَ as meaning It spread out wide, said of a place, on the authority of J: but the verb is اصحر, q. v.; and the authority is not J.]

3 صَاْحَرَ [صِحَارٌ is an inf. n. of صَاحَرَ, a verb not mentioned: hence,] أَبْرَزَ لَهُ مَا فِى نَفْسِهِ مِنَ الأَمْرِ صِحَارَا (assumed tropical:) [ He showed to him what was in his mind, of the thing, or affair, openly ]: a saying like جَاهَرَهُ بِهِ جِهَارًا. (K, * TA. [See also 4.])

4 اصحر ذ , (S, A, Mgh, K,) or اصحر الصَّحْرَاآءَ, (Msb, [but I think that this is a mistake for اصحر اـِلَى الصَّحْرَاآءِ,]) inf. n. اـِصْحَارٌ, (Msb,) He went forth to the صحراآء [or desert, &c.], (S, A, Mgh,) or into the صحراآء: (Msb, K:) تصحّر [in this sense] has not been heard. (Mgh.) ― -b2- Hence, in a trad., the saying of Umm-Selemeh to 'Áïsheh, سَكَّنَ ا@للّٰهُ عُقَيْرَاكِ فَلَا تُصْحِرِيهَا [app. meaning, accord. to explanations of it in the TA in art. عقر, God hath made thy dwelling and estate, or, as Z explains it, thy person (نَفْسَكِ), to be quietly settled, therefore do not thou remove it forth to the desert ]; i. e. لَا تُبْرِزِيهَا اـِلَى الصَّحْرَاآءِ; the verb, accord. to IAth, being made trans. by the suppression of the prep.; [i. e. تُصْحِرِيهَا being for تُصْحِرِى بِهَا;] for it is [properly] intrans. (TA. [See also the next sentence but one, in which the verb is tropically made trans.]) ― -b3- أَصْحِرْ لِعَدُوِّكَ means (assumed tropical:) Be thou in a state of clearness [or certainty ] with respect to the case of thy enemy: (JM, TA:) occurring in a trad. of 'Alee. (TA.) ― -b4- One says also, أَصْحَرَ بِالأَمْرِ and أَصْحَرَهُ (tropical:) He revealed, or made manifest, the affair, or case: and لَا تُصْحِرْ أَمْرَكَ (tropical:) [ Reveal not thy affair, or case ]: and أَصْحِرْهُ بِمَا فِى قَلْبِكَ (tropical:) [ Reveal to him what is in thy mind ]. (A, TA.) ― -b5- اصحر said of a place, It was, or became, wide, or spacious; (O, K, TA;) i. e. it became like the صَحْرَاآء. (TA.) -A2- Said of a man, He was, or became, blind of one eye. (K.)

11 اصحارّ ذ It (a plant) dried up; or became yellow; or dried up and became yellow: (S:) or became of a dingy red colour, and then dried up and became yellow: (TA:) and (TA) it (a plant, K, or an ear of corn, TA) became red: or its first parts became white. (K, TA.)

صِحْرٌ ذ an imitative sequent to صِفْرٌ [q. v.]. (Kh, Ham p. 354.)

صَحَرٌ ذ : see صُحْرَةٌ.

لَقِيتُةُ صَحْرَةَ بَحْرَةَ ذ , in which the two nouns are imperfectly decl., (S, L,) being regarded as one, (L,) and صَحْرَةً بَحْرَةً, (K in art. بحر,) and بُحْرَةَ ↓ صُحْرَةَ, with damm, (O,) and صُحْرَةً بُحْرَةً, (MF in art. بحر,) and صَحْرَةً بَحْرَةً نَحْرَةً, (O, K,) and صَحْرَةَ بَحْرَةَ نَحْرَةَ, (K, [but this last is implicitly disallowed in the O, and expressly by MF in art. بحر,]) and with damm also in all these words, [i. e. صُحْرَة &c.,] (K,) I met him openly, or in open view, nothing intervening to conceal him. (S, L, K. [See also بَحْرَةٌ; and see صَرْحَةٌ.]) And one says likewise, أَخْبَرَهُ بِالأَمْرِ صحرة بحرة [ He acquainted him with the affair, or case, openly ]. (TA.)

صُحْرَةٌ ذ (S, K, in the CK, صُحَرَةٌ [which is a mistake,]) and ↓ صَحَرٌ (K [in some copies of the K صَحْرٌ, which, as observed in the TA, is wrong,]) A colour in which is [ the kind of red termed ] شُقْرَةٌ: (S:) or a colour nearly the same as [ the kind of red termed ] صُبْهَةٌ: (K:) or the latter, (TA, [and app. the former also,]) a dust-colour with a slight redness, (in the K, in حُمْرَة خَفِيَّة, the latter of these two words is a mistake for خَفِيفَة, TA,) inclining to a little whiteness: (K, TA:) or the former, redness inclining to dustcolour: (TA:) or dust-colour with redness: (A:) and [ redness of the kind termed ] شُقْرَة in the head: (As, TA:) and both words, a colour in which is whiteness and redness: (TA:) and whiteness overspreading blackness; like سُحْرَةٌ and سَحَرٌ: (TA in art. سحر:) and the latter, accord. to Sgh, whiteness. (TA.) -A2- Also, both words, The quality of a صَحْرَاآء [q. v.]. (ISh.) ― -b2- And the former, A clear space in a [ stony tract such as is called ] حَرَّة, (S, K,) consisting of soft and clean soil with stones in it: (TA:) pl. صُحَرٌ; (S, K;) the only pl. (TA.) ― -b3- See also صَحْرَة.

صَحْرَاآءُ ذ , imperfectly decl., (S, K,) though not an epithet; (S;) or it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; (TA;) and is imperfectly decl. because it is of the fem. gender, (S,) and because the letter characteristic of the fem. gender [namely the long ا] is inseparable from it, (S, K,) A desert; a waste; syn. بَرِّيَّةٌ: (S, Msb:) or a tract of land like the back of a beast, bare, or destitute of herbage, without trees and without hills and without mountains; smooth [ throughout ]: (ISh:) or a plain, or level tract of land, with smoothness and ruggedness, (A, K,) less [ rugged ] than what is termed قُفّ: (K:) or a spacious tract of ground in which is no herbage: (M, A, K:) or the most plain and even of land, whether it have produced herbage or not, not having any mountain or hill near it; as also جَهَادٌ: (ISh, TA in art. جهد:) you say صَحْرَاآءُ وَاسِعَةٌ [ a wide desert &c.]; (S;) but you do not say صَحْرَاآءَةٌ, adding one fem. sign after another: (S, Msb:) the pls. are صَحَارِىُّ (S, Msb, K) and صَحَارٍ (S, M, Msb) [in the K, صَحَارِى, which, without the art. ال, and except when it is prefixed to another noun, and in a case of pausing, is a manifest mistake, as is shown in every complete treatise on inflection,] and صَحَارَى (S, Msb, K) and صَحْرَاوَاتٌ: (S, K:) the first of which four pls. occurs in poetry, and is the original form of the second: for when you form the pl. of صَحْرَاآءُ, [which is originally صَحْرَاا,] you introduce an ا between the ح and the ر, and give kesr to the ر as in all similar cases: then the first ا which is after the ر [in صحراا] is changed into ى, because of the kesreh preceding it; and the second ا, which is the characteristic of the fem. gender, is also changed into ى, and incorporated into the former: then they reject the first ى, and change the second into ا, [though still writing it ى,] and say صَحَارَى, with fet-h to the ر, that the ا may not be elided in the case of tenween, [which the word would have if the ر were with kesr]; and this they do to distinguish between the ى that is changed from the ا which is a characteristic of the fem. gender and the ى that is changed from the ا which is not a characteristic of the fem. gender as the ا of مَرْمًى when they say مَرَامٍ: some of the Arabs, however, do not reject the first ى [in صَحَارِىُّ], but reject the second ى, and say الصَّحَارِى, with kesr to the ر, and هٰذِهِ صَحَارٍ, like as you say جَوَارٍ (S. [In the Ham, p. 54, صُحَرٌ is mentioned as a pl. of صَحْرَاآءُ; but I think it doubtful.])

صُحَارٌ ذ The sweat of horses: (O, K:) or the fever of horses. (K.) [― -b2- See also 1.]

صَحُورٌ ذ : see أَصْحَرُ.

صَحِيرٌ ذ A certain uttering of the voice of the ass, (A, K,) of a vehement kind, (A,) more vehement than the neighing of horses: an inf. n. (TA. [See 1.])

صَحِيرَةٌ ذ Milk into which heated stones are thrown, so that it boils, after which some clarified butter is poured upon it, and it is drunk; and sometimes some flour is sprinkled upon it, and then it is supped: or, accord. to Abu-l-Gheyth, it is called صَخِيرَةٌ, from الصَّخْرُ; like فَهِيرَةٌ, from الفِهْرُ: (S:) or fresh milk into which heated stones are thrown, or which is put in the cooking-pot and made to boil in it once, until it burns; and sometimes flour is put into it, and sometimes clarified butter: (TA:) or fresh milk which is made to boil, after which some clarified butter is poured upon it, (K,) and it is drunk: (TA:) or fresh milk which is heated until it burns: (A:) or pure milk of camels, or of sheep, or of goats, which, when they want soup, and have not flour, it not being found in their land, they cook, and then give to drink to a sick person, hot. (TA.)

ثَوْبٌ صُحَارِىٌّ ذ A kind of garment, so called in relation to صُحَار, a town of El-Yemen: or, as some say, of the colour termed صُحْرَة, like ↓ أَصْحَرُ. (TA, from a trad.)

صُحَيْرَاآءُ ذ A certain sort of milk: (K:) so says Kr, without particularizing it. (TA.)

أَصْحَرُ ذ Of the colour termed صُحْرَة: (S, K:) or similar to أَصْبَحٌ: (As:) a man of a red colour inclining to dust-colour: (TA:) or having a colour such as is termed شُقْرَة upon his head: (As:) and an ass in which is a red colour: (S:) or of a dust-colour with redness: (A:) or in which is whiteness and redness; (TA;) and so ↓ صَحُورٌ applied to a she-ass; or this signifies wont to kick with her hind leg: (K, TA:) fem. صَحْرَاآءُ: (S, TA:) and pl. صُحْرٌ. (TA.) See also صُحَارِىٌّ. ― -b2- الأَصْحَرُ and ↓ المُصْحِرُ The lion. (Sgh, K.)

المُصْحِرُ ذ : see what next precedes.

مُصَاحِرٌ ذ One who fights with his adversary in the desert (الصَّحْرَاآء), and does not act deceitfully with him. (S.)

2 تَصْحِيفٌ ذ signifies (primarily, Msb) The making a mistake (S, O, Msb, K, TA) in a صَحِيفَة, (S, O, K, TA,) by reason of the ambiguity, or dubiousness, of the letters: a postclassical term: (TA:) or the reading a thing in a manner at variance with what the writer intended, or at variance with the conventional usage thereof: (Mgh:) a secondary signification is the altering a word, or an expression, in such a manner that the meaning intended by the application [thereof] becomes altered: (Msb:) or it consists in the altering of a diacritical point [or points ]; as in النفى for النقى, or vice versâ: (KT, after التَّحْرِيفُ:) one says, صحّف اللَّفْظَ He altered the word, or expression, [ in such a manner that the meaning intended by the application thereof became altered, or] so that it became dubious [ to the reader ]. (Msb.) [See also تَحْرِيف, in the first paragraph of art. حرف.]

4 أُصْحِفَ ذ It had صُحُف [i. e. written pieces of paper or of skin ] (S, O, K, TA) collected in it, (S, O,) or put in it (K, TA) between two boards. (TA.)

5 تصحّف ذ , said of a word, or an expression, It became altered [ so as to have a meaning different from that intended by the application thereof, (see 2,) or] so as to be dubious. (Msb.) One says, تصحّف عَلَيْهِ لَفْظُ كَذَا [ Such a word, or such an expression, became altered so as to be dubious to him ]. (O, K. *)

صَحْفَةٌ ذ [ A sort of bowl; ] a vessel like the قَصْعَةٌ, (S, ISd, O, Msb, K, * TA,) expanded, wide, (ISd, TA,) or a large, expanded قَصْعَة, (Mgh,) or, accord. to Z, an oblong قَصْعَة, (Msb,) that satisfies the hunger of five [ men ] (Ks, S, ISd, Mgh, O, TA) and the like of them: (ISd, TA:) Ks says, (S, O,) the largest sort of قَصْعَة is the جَفْنَة; next to which is the قَصْعَة [properly so called], (S, O, K,) which satisfies the hunger of ten [men]; (S, O;) then, the صَحْفَة, (S, O, K,) which satisfies the hunger of five; (S, O;) then, the مِئْكَلَة, (S, O, K,) which satisfies two men, and three; (S, O;) and then, the ↓ صُحَيْفَة, (S, O, K,) which satisfies one man: (S, O:) the pl. of صَحْفَةٌ is صِحَافٌ. (S, O, Mgh, Msb.) It is said in a prov., اِسْتَفْرَغَ فُلَانٌ مَا فِى صَحْفَتِهِ Such a one chose for himself, as his share, [or exhausted, all of ] what was in his صحفة. (TA.)

صَحَفِىٌّ ذ One who makes mistakes in reading the صَحِيفَة [or writing, or written piece of paper or of skin ]; incorrectly termed by the vulgar صُحُفِىٌّ, with two dammehs; (O, K;) [for the formation of a rel. n. from a pl. of this kind (i. e. from صُحُفٌ) is not allowable,] though the pl. is not restored to the sing. in forming the rel. n. in the case of proper names, such as أَنْمَارِىٌّ &c., nor in the case of words that are used in a manner like that of proper names, such as أَنْصَارِىٌ &c.: (O:) or a learner, or one who acquires knowledge, (Mgh, Msb,) from the صَحِيفَة, (Mgh,) inferior [ in rank ] to the مَشَايِخِ [pl. of شَيْخٌ]: (Msb:) a rel. n. from صَحِيفَةٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) like حَنَفِىٌّ and بَجَلِىٌّ from حَنِيفَةُ and بَجِيلَةُ: (Msb:) and ↓ مُصَحِّفٌ signifies the same as صَحَفِىٌّ [in the former of these senses]. (TA.)

صِحَافٌ ذ Small places that are made for water to collect and remain therein (مَنَاقِعُ صِغَارٌ تُتَّخَذُ لِلْمَاآءِ): pl. صُحُفٌ. (Esh-Sheybánee, O, K.)

صَحِيفٌ ذ [appears from what here follows, to be syn. with ↓ صَحِيفَةٌ, or rather it is a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.:] (tropical:) The surface of the ground or earth; (O, K, TA;) as being likened to the thing [i. e. paper or skin] that is written upon. (TA.) ― -b2- See also the next paragraph.

صَحِيفَةٌ ذ A written piece of paper (MA, Mgh, Msb) or of skin; (Msb;) a writing, or thing written; a book, or volume; a letter, i. e. an epistle; syn. كِتَابٌ; (S, O, K;) [syn. with كِتَابٌ in all of these senses; in the last of them in an anecdote related in Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 721-2, and in Har p. 119, q. v.;] and a [ portion of a book, such as is termed ] كُرَّاسَة; and a register; [for] in the اـِنْقَاع [a title of several books, it is said that] the كُرَّاسَة and ↓ مُصْحَف and صَحِيفَة and كِتَاب and دَفْتَر are one: (MA:) pl. صُحُفٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and صُحْفٌ, a contraction of the former, (TA,) and صَحَائِفُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) like سَفَائِنُ pl. of سَفِينَةٌ; (Lth, O;) the first of these pls. anomalous, (Lth, Sb, O, K,) the sing. being likened to قَضِيتٌ (Sb, O, TA) and قَلِيبٌ (Sb, TA) and رَغِيفٌ, (O,) of which the pls. are قُضُبٌ (Sb, O, TA) and قُلُبٌ (Sb, TA) and رُغُفٌ: (O:) [or صَحِيفٌ may be its original, as well as regular, sing.:] see the next preceding paragraph. صُحُفِ اـِبْرٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَى, in the Kur [lxxxvii. last verse], means [In the books of Abraham and Moses; i. e.] the books revealed to Abraham and Moses. (O.) [صَحِيفَةٌ also means The record of the actions of anyone, that is kept in heaven: (see رَقٌّ:) one says, صَحِيفَنُهُ سَوْدَاآءُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The record of his actions is black; a phrase often used in the present day, in speaking of a bad man.] Mohammad [the Hanafee Imám] speaks of صُحُف not written upon; saying, فَاـِنْ كَانَتِ السَّرِقَةُ صُحُفًا لَيْسَ فِيهَا كِتَابٌ [ And if the stolen property be papers, or books, not having any writing upon them ]. (Mgh. [See, again, رَقٌّ.]) ― -b2- صَحِيفَةٌ signifies also A plank, board, or leaf, of a door; like صَحَائِفُ [from which it is perhaps formed by transposition, or it may be tropical in this sense]: pl. صَحِيفٌ. (MA.) ― -b3- Also (tropical:) The external skin, or scarf-skin, of the face: (O, TA:) or as some say, the part thereof that fronts one: pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ صَحِيفٌ; or this may be used, in a verse in which it occurs, for صَحِيفَة. (TA.) ― -b4- One says also صَحَائِفُ مِنْ شَحْمٍ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Layers of fat ]. (A in art. نير.)

صُحَيْفَةٌ ذ : see صَحْفَةٌ.

صَحَّافٌ ذ [ A bookseller; ] a seller of صُحُف: or [ a bookbinder; ] a maker [meaning binder ] of صُحُف. (TA.)