Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

عِيرٌ ذ A caravan; syn. قَافِلَةٌ; of the fem. gen.: (K:) from عَارَ “ he journeyed: ” (TA:) or camels that carry provision of corn: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) then generally applied to any caravan: (Mgh, Msb:) or a caravan of asses; and then extended to any caravan; as though pl. of عَيْرٌ, being originally and regularly of the measure فُعُلٌ, [i. e. عُيُرٌ,] like سُقُفٌ as pl. of سَقْفٌ; (TA;) but it has no proper sing.: (K:) or any beasts upon which provision of corn is brought, whether camels or asses or mules: (K:) the عير mentioned in the Kur xii. 94 consisted of asses; and the assertion of him who says that عير is applied specially to camels is false: (AHeyth, O, TA:) Nuseyr cites the poet Aboo-'Amr El-Asadee as applying this appellation to asses; and says that camels are not so called unless employed for bringing provision of corn: (AHeyth, TA:) IAar says that it is applied to camels bearing burdens, and not bearing burdens: (Az:) but camels are not thus called that bring corn for their owners: (TA, voce رِكَاب:) pl. عِيَرَاتٌ, (O, K,) with ا and ت because it is of the fem. gender, and, being a subst., with the ى movent, accord. to the dial. of Hudheyl, for they say جَوْزَاتٌ and بَيْضَاتٌ; (Sb;) and عِيْرَاتٌ (S, K) is allowable, (S,) and is the regular form, and occurs in a trad., meaning horses or the like, and camels carrying merchandise. (TA.)

عَيْرَانٌ ذ applied to a he-camel, (O,) and عَيْرَانَةٌ applied to a she-camel, (S, O, K,) Resembling the [ wild ] ass (العَيْر) in quickness and briskness: (S, O:) or the latter, swift, with briskness; (K, TA;) so termed because of her frequent going round about [or to and fro], rather than as being likened to the [wild] ass: and also hard, or hardy. (TA.)

عِيرَانٌ ذ : see عَائِرٌ in art. عور.

عِيَارٌ ذ and ↓ مِعْيَارٌ are syn.; (S;) both signify [ A standard of measure or weight; ] a thing with which another thing is measured, or compared, and equalized; (Mgh;) [and with which it is assayed: ] or a thing with which measures of capacity are measured, compared, or equalized: (Lth:) the عِيَار of a thing is that which is made, or appointed, a standard thereof, by which to regulate or adjust it; expl. by مَا جُعِلَ نِظَامًا لَهُ. (Msb.) ― -b2- The عِيَار of dirhems, and of deenárs, is [The rate, or standard, of fineness; ] the quantity of pure silver, and of pure gold, that is put into them. (Mgh.) -A2- [See also 1.]

عِيَارَةٌ ذ Currency of a poem. (K.)

عُيَيْرٌ ذ [dim. of عَيْرٌ]. You say, فُلَانٌ عُيَيْرُ وَحْدِهِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is a person who is pleased with his own opinion; (S, O, K;) an expression of dispraise; (S;) like as نَسِيجُ وَحْدِهِ is one of praise: (TA:) or a person who does not consult others, nor mix with them, yet in whom is ignobleness and weakness; as also جُحَيْشُ وَحْدِهِ [q. v.]: (Az:) or a person who eats by himself. (Th, K.) You may also say عِيَيْرٌ, like شِيَيْخٌ for شُيَيْخٌ; but you should not say عُوَيْر, nor شُوَيْخ. (S, O.)

عَيِّرٌ ذ : see عَائِرٌ.

عَيَّارٌ ذ : see the next paragraph, in five places.

عَائِرٌ ذ That goes to and fro, and round about; as also ↓ عَيَّارٌ: both are applied [to a man and] also to a dog: (TA:) and ↓ the latter is also expl. as follows: a man (TA) often coming and going (K, TA) in the land: (TA:) often going round about, (Fr, S, Msb, K,) often in motion, (Fr, S, Msb,) and sharp, or quick, of intellect: (S, K:) it is used as an epithet of praise and as one of dispraise: for instance, applied to a boy, it signifies brisk in obeying God, and brisk in acts of disobedience: (IAar:) and ↓ عَيِّرٌ, applied to a horse, signifies brisk, lively, or sprightly: (IAar:) and ↓ عَيَّارٌ, so applied, mischievous; and that is brisk, lively, or sprightly, so that he goes on one side of the way, and then turns to the other side: (TA:) and, applied to a man, that goes to and fro without work: (Ajnás en-Nátifee, Mgh:) or that leaves himself to follow his natural desire, not restraining himself. (IAmb, Mgh, Msb.) It is said in a prov., كَلْبٌ عَائِرٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَسَدٍ رَابِضٍ A dog going to and fro and round about is better [as a guard] than a lion lying down. (TA.) You say also شَاةٌ عَائِرَةٌ A sheep that goes to and fro between two flocks, not knowing which of them to follow: to such is a hypocrite likened. (TA.) And نَاقَةٌ عَائِرَةٌ A she-camel that goes forth from the other camels in order that the stallion may cover her (S, O, TA.) And جَمَلٌ عَائِرٌ A he-camel that leaves the females seven months gone with young, and goes to others. (S.) And بأَوْصَالٍ ↓ عَيَّارٌ A horse that goes away hither and thither, by reason of his sprightliness: (S, O:) or a lion that goes away with the joints, or whole bones. of men to his thicket. (IB.) ↓ العَيَّارُ is an appellation given to The lion, (S, O, K,) because of his coming and going in search of his prey. (S, O.) ― -b2- قَصِيدَةٌ عَائِرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) An ode having currency. (O.) ― -b3- سَهْمٌ An arrow from an unknown shouter. (Msb. [Mentioned also in art. عور.]) And ثَمَرَةٌ عَائِرَةٌ A fallen fruit, of which the owner is not known (TA.) -A2- عَائِرُ العَيْنِ, and عَائِرَةُ عَيْنٍ or عَيْنَيْنِ, &c.: see art. عور.

مَا قَالَتِ العَرَبُ بَيْتًا أَعْيَرَ مِنْهُ ذ The Arabs have not uttered a verse more current than it. (A, O, TA.)

مُعَارٌ ذ A horse, (S, K,) and a dog, (K.) made to go away as though he had escaped. or got loose: (K:) or made to escape: (TA:) or made to escape, or get loose, and go away hither and thither, by reason of his exceeding sprightliness. (S.) It is also expl. as signifying, applied to a horse, Fattened: and having the hair of is tail plucked out: these two explanations mentioned by IKtt and others: and made lean, or light of flesh. (TA. [See 4, last sentence.]) See also the next paragraph.

مِعَارٌ ذ , (O, K,) as though originally مِعْيَرٌ, from عَارَ, aor. يَعِيرُ, (Az, O,) A horse that turns away from the road with his rider. (O, K.) Hence the saying of Bishr Ibn-Abee-Házim, (K,) or Kházim, as written by Sgh, (TA,) not Et-Tirimmáh, J having made a mistake [in ascribing it to him (but in one of my copies of the S it is ascribed to Bishr Ibn-Abee-Házim and in the other to a poet unnamed)], أَحَقُّ الخَيْلِ بِالرَّكْضِ المِعَارُ [ The most deserving, of horses, of being urged to run by the striking with the foot is he that turns away from the road with his rider ]. (K.) Aboo- 'Obeyd, (so in my copies of the S,) or Aboo- 'Obeydeh, (so in the K and TA,) says that the people, in relating this, say ↓ المُعَارُ, [deriving it] from العَارِيَّة; which is a mistake: (S, K, TA:) the truth being that this is a mistake as to the damm and the derivation; which is the saying of IAar alone, and is mentioned by IB also: (TA:) or the last word is المُغَارُ. (TA in art. غور, q. v.)

نَصْلٌ مُعْيَرٌ ذ An iron head or blade, of an arrow or of a spear or of a sword or of a knife or the like, having what is termed عَيْرٌ. (AHn, from AA.) And كَفٌّ مُعْيِرَةٌ, and ↓ مُعَيِّرَةٌ, [so in the TA, but more probably مُعْيَرَةٌ and مُعَيَّرَةٌ,] A كَفّ [or hand ] having what is so termed. (TA. [But I think that كَفٌّ is here a mistranscription for كَتِفٌ: see عَيْرٌ.])

اِبْنَةُ مِعْيَرٍ ذ Calamity, (K, TA,) and hardship. (TA.) And بَنَاتُ مِعْيَرٍ Calamities. (S, O, TA,) and hardships. (TA.)

مُعْيَرَةٌ ذ , and the pl. مَعَايِرٌ: see عَارٌ

كَفٌّ مُعَيَّرَةٌ ذ [or كَتِفٌ?]: see مُعْيَرٌ.

مِعْيَارٌ ذ : see عِيَارٌ.

مَعْيُورَى ذ and مَعْيُورَاآءُ: see عَيْرٌ, first sentence.

مُسْتَعِيرٌ ذ Resembling the عَيْر [i. e. ass, or wild, ass, ] in make. (O, K.)

5 تَعَيَّسَتِ الاـِبِلُ ذ The camels were, or became, [ of the colour termed عَيَسٌ or] white inclining to black. (O, K.)

عَيَسٌ ذ (S, TA) and ↓ عِيسَةٌ, the latter of the measure فُعْلَةٌ, [originally عُيْسَةٌ.] like صُهْبَةٌ and كُمْتَةٌ, (Lth, O, TA,) Whiteness in a camel, mixed with somewhat of ] the red hue termed ] شُقْرَة; (S, TA;) [i. e., a reddish whiteness: ] or [ a dingy whiteness; ] whiteness in which is a mixture of clearness with slight darkness: (TA:) [or a yel-lowish whiteness see أَعْيَسُ.]

عِيسَةٌ ذ : see the next preceding paragraph.

أَعْيَسُ ذ A camel of a white colour mixed with somewhat of [ the red hue termed ] شُقْرَة; (S, O, K; *) [i. e., reddish white ] or [ dingy white; ] white with a slight darkness (Msb:) or inclining to yellow: [i. e., yellowish white: ] (I Aar:) fem. عَيْسَاآءُ: pl. عِيسٌ: (S, O, Msb, K:) the camels thus termed are said to be of good breed. (S, O,) Also A gazelle, or an antelope, and a bull, [app. meaning a wild bull,] in which is [ a hue such as is termed ] أَدْمَة. (TA.) And you say رَجُلٌ أَعْيَسُ الشَّعَرِ A man having white hair. (TA.) And رَسْمٌ أَعْيَسُ A white mark, trace, relic, or remain. (TA.) ― -b2- العَيْسَاآءُ The female locust. (S, O, K.)

1 عَاشَ ذ , (S, A, O, Msb, K,) aor. يَعِيشُ, inf. n. عَيْشٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and مَعَاشٌ and مَعِيشٌ (S, O, K.) and مَعِيشَةٌ and عِيشَةٌ and عَيْشُوشَةٌ (O, K) and in the dial. of El-Azd مَعُوشَةٌ, (K in art. عوش, and TA.) He lived; (S, A, * O, K;) [ he passed life in a particular manner of state:] he became possessed of life. (Msb.) You say,. عَاشَ فُلَانٌ عِيشَةً رَاضِيَةً Such a one lived a pleasant [ life (if we regard عِيشَة as a simple inf. n., as it is said to be above,) or] state [or sort ] of life. (A.) [See also عِيشَةٌ, below.]

2 عَيَّشَ see 4

3 عايشهُ ذ , inf. n. مُعَايَشَةٌ, He lived with him; like as you say عَاشَرَهُ. (TA.)

4 اعاشهُ ذ He (God, S, A) made him to live; (S, A, O, * K;) as also ↓ عيّشهُ, (O, * K,) inf. n. تَعْيِيشٌ. (TA.) You say, اعاشهُ ا@للّٰهُ عِيشَةً رَاضِيَةٌ [ God made him to live a pleasant life, or state or sort of life ]. (S.)

5 تعيّش ذ He constrained himself to obtain the means of life: (S;) or he had what was barely sufficient, of sustenance, nothing remaining over and above it. (TA.)

6 تعايشوا ذ [ They lived together: one with another ]. You say, تعايشوا بِأُلْفَةٍ وَمَوَدَّةٍ [ They lived together with sociableness and affection, (A, TA.)

عَيْشٌ ذ [an inf. n. of 1. ― -b2- As a subst.,] Life: (S, O, K;) or particularly animal life. (Kull p. 262.) It is said in a prove., أَنْتَ مَرَّةٌ عَيْشٌ وَمَرَّةٌ جَيْشٌ. meaning, Thou act at one time in an easy state of life, and at one time in the state of life of warriors: (A 'Obeyd, as cited in the TA: [but for عَيْشِ غَزِىّ in my original, we should perhaps read عَيْشٍ عَزِيزٍ, i. e. a difficult state of life: ) or thou benefitest at one time, and injurest at another (TA. And a man to whom IAar said “ How is such a one '” answered عَيْشٌ وَجَيْشٌ, meaning At one time with me, and at one time against me. (TA. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 70 and ii. 699 ― -b3- Also I. q. مَعِيشَةٌ, in senses pointed out below (K.) see the latter, in four places. ― -b4- And [hence,] Wheat, or other food; syn. طَعَامٌ; (IDrd, A, O, K;) in the dial. of El-Hijáz, (A.) or of El-Yemen: (IDrd, O, TA:) and seed-produce; in the dial. of El-Hijáz: (A, TA:) and bread; (K:) in the dial. of Egypt. (TA.)

عِيشَةٌ ذ [see 1, in two places. ― -b2- ] A state, (A,) or sort. (TA,) of life. (A, TA.) You say, عَاشَ عِيشَةُ صِدْقٍ, and عِيشَةَ سَوْءٍ, He lived a good sort of life, and an evil sort of life. (TA.)

عَيَّاشٌ ذ : see the paragraph here following.

عَائِشٌ ذ [ Living: ] having life: and in like manner, but in an intensive sense, (app. meaning having much of the means of life or living well. ) ↓ عَيَّاشٌ: fem. of the former with ة. (Msb.) ― -b2- A man in a good state or condition [ of life ] (Lth, A, O, K.)

مَعَاشٌ ذ and ↓ مَعِيشٌ may be used as substantives as well as inf. ns., like مَعَابٌ and مَعِيبٌ; (S, O, TA;) and signify, like مَعِيشَةٌ, That whereby one lives: or that [ place and time ] in which one lives: (TA:) [or rather, they have both these significations; but معاش has generally the latter. whereas معيشة, q. v., and معيش, are generally used in the former sense, or one similar to it:] مَعَاشٌ also signifies the place of subsistence; or the known, or usual, place thereof: and the time wherein one seeks sustenance. (TA.) Thus, (TA,) الأَرْضُ مَعَاشُ الخَلْقِ [ The earth is the place of subsistence of mankind, or of the created beings ]. (A, O, TA.) And النَّهَارُ مَعَاشٌ The day is the time for seeking sustenance: as in the Kur, lxxviii. 11. (O, TA.) See also مَعِيشَةٌ, in two places.

مَعِيشٌ ذ : see مَعِيشَةٌ, in four places: and مَعَاشٌ.

مَعِيشَةٌ ذ inf. n. of عَاشَ [q. v.]. (K.) ― -b2- Also Victuals, living, sustenance, or food and drink by which one lives; (Lth, A, O, K;) as also ↓ عَيْشٌ; (A;) whence you say that dates are the عَيْش of such a family: (TA:) that whereby life subsists; the means of life or subsistence; (A, K;) as also ↓ عَيْشٌ: (A, TA:) that whereby one lives; as also ↓ عَيْشٌ (A, K, TA) and ↓ مَعَاشٌ and ↓ مَعِيشٌ; (TA;) or [the state ] wherein one lives; (A, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَيْشٌ (A) and ↓ مَعَاشٌ and ↓ مَعِيشٌ: (TA:) the means of obtaining that whereby one lives: (Aboo-Is-hák, TA:) the gain, or earnings, by means of which a man lives; (Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ مَعِيشٌ: (Msb:) the pl. is مَعَايِشُ, (S, O, Msb,) accord. to general opinion, (Msb,) without ء, (S, O, Msb,) when formed from the original of the sing., which is مَعْيِشَةٌ, of the measure مَفْعِلَةٌ; (S, O;) or because it is from عَاشَ, so that the measure of the pl. is مَفَاعِلُ: (Msb:) but when it is formed from the secondary form of the sing., it is with ء, [مَعَائِشُ,] مَفْعِلَةٌ being in this case likened to فَعِيلَةٌ, like as مَصَائِبُ is with ء because the ى [in its sing.] is quiescent; but some of the grammarians hold this latter pl. to be incorrect: (S, O:) all the Basree grammarians hold it to be so: (TA:) or, accord. to some, ↓ مَعِيشٌ and مَعِيشَةٌ are from معش; and the pl. in question is therefore of the measure فَعَائِلُ, with ء. (Msb.) ― -b3- مَعِيشَةٌ ضَنْكٌ The punishment of the grave: (O, K:) so, accord. to most of the expositors, in the Kur xx. 123: or, as some say, [ strait sustenance ] in the fire of hell. (O, TA.)

مُتَعَيِّشٌ ذ One who constrains himself to obtain the means of life: (TA:) or who has what is barely sufficient, of sustenance, nothing remaining over and above it. (Lth, A, O, K.)

عِيصٌ ذ A dense, or tangled wood; a numerous collection of dense, or tangled, trees: (S, O, K:) or [ lote-trees of the species called ] سِدْر (AHn, O, TA) collected together in one place, (AHn, O,) of which the lower parts are dense, or tangled: (AHn, TA:) or dense, or tangled, trees, some growing in, or among, the lower parts of others: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَعْيَاصٌ and [of mult.] عِصْيانٌ: (O, K:) also what are collected together (AHn, O, K, TA) in a place, (AHn, O, TA,) and are near together, and dense, or tangled, (AHn, O, K, TA,) of [ trees of the kinds called ] عِضَاه, (O, K,) or of [ the trees called ] سِدْر and عَوْسَج and نَبْع and سَلَم and all kinds of عضاه: so says 'Omárah, (O, TA,) and AHn says the like: (TA:) or (K) what are dense, or tangled, and numerous, (El-Kilábee, O, TA,) of thick and tough trees, (El-Kilábee, O, K, TA,) such as the سَلَم and طَلْح and سَيَال and سِدْر and سَمُر and عُرْفُط and عِضَاه. (El-Kilábee, O, TA.) ― -b2- Also A place of growth of the best of trees: (Lth, A, O, K:) or, as some say, the lower parts of trees. (TA.) ― -b3- And hence, (A,) A stock, or race. (S, * A, K. *) You say, هُوَ مِنْ عِيصِ بَنِى هَاشِمٍ He is of the stock, or race, of Benoo-Háshim. (A.) And مَا أَكْرَمَ عِيصَهُ How generous, or noble, are his fathers, or ancestors, and paternal and maternal uncles, and the people of his house ! (TA.) And it is said in a prov., عِيصُكَ مِنْكَ وَاـِنْ كَانَ أَشِبًا, i. e. Thy stock is an appertenance of thine though it be thorny and intricate or confused: (AZ, O, TA:) meaning, accord. to A'Obeyd, those who are connected with thee by origin are thy kinsmen, although they follow a different way of life: have patience, therefore, for thou canst not remove them from thee: (Meyd:) [see Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 95:] implying dispraise: or, accord. to AHeyth, عِيصٌ أَشِبٌ denotes praise; force of resistance, or inaccessibleness or unapproachableness, and numerousness, being meant thereby. (O, TA.) You say also, هُوَ فِى عِيصِ صِدْقٍ He is of a good, or an excellent, stock. (Sh, O, TA.) ― -b4- جِئْ بِهِ مِنْ عِيصِكَ means Bring thou it from wherever it is. (TA.)

عَيْصَاآءُ ذ : see عَوِيصٌ, (in art. عوص,) last sentence.

مَعِيصٌ ذ A place of growth [app., as seems to be implied in the S, of trees such as are termed عِيص]. (S, O, K.)

مِعْيَاصٌ ذ Any one who is hard, or difficult, with respect to that which another desires of him: (O, K:) app. originally مِعْوَاصٌ: mentioned in the L in art. عوص. (TA.)

1 عَاطَتْ ذ , aor. تَعِيطُ and تَعُوطُ, (K,) inf. n. عَيْطٌ [perhaps a mistake for عَيَطٌ, which see below, like غَلَبٌ and طَلَبٌ], (TA,) She (a woman, TA) was, or became, long in the neck, (K, TA,) with justness of stature; (TA;) as also ↓ تعيّطت and تعوّطت. (K.) -A2- See also art. عوط.

5 تَعَيَّطَ see above: -A2- and see also عَاطَتْ in art. عوط.

8 اـِعْتَيَطَ see عَاطَتْ in art. عوط, in three places.

عَيَطٌ ذ Length of the neck; (S, O, K, TA;) to which some add, with justness of stature. (TA.)

عُيْطَطٌ ذ : see عُوطَةٌ and عَائِطٌ, in art. عوط.

عَيَّاطٌ ذ : see أَعْيَطُ.

عَائِطٌ ذ : see art. عوط.

أَعْيَطُ ذ Long in the neck; (S, O, K;) accord. to some, with justness of stature; (TA;) applied to a camel; (S, O;) as also ↓ عَيَّاطٌ: (TA:) fem. عَيْطَاآءُ; (S, O, K;) applied to a she-camel; (S;) and to a woman, in the sense expl. above: (Mgh:) pl. عِيطٌ. (TA.) ― -b2- Long in the head and neck; (K;) which is ugly. (TA.) ― -b3- Tall; the fem. being applied in this sense to a mare; and the pl. to horses: (TA:) high; lofty; (S, O, K, TA;) applied to (assumed tropical:) a mountain; (TA;) and the fem. to (assumed tropical:) a [mountain such as is termed] قَارَة, (S, O, TA,) and to (tropical:) [such as is termed] a هَضْبَة; (TA;) and the masc. also, in this sense, to (tropical:) a palace, or the like; (S, O, K, TA;) and to (tropical:) عِزّ [or might, or nobility, or the like]. (O, K, TA.) The pl. also signifies Excellent, and youthful, camels; (O, K, TA;) between the حِقَّة and the رَبَاعِيَة. (O, TA.) ― -b4- (assumed tropical:) Refusing; resisting; withstanding: (K, TA:) applied to a man, and to a wild ass. (TA.)

مُعْتَاطٌ ذ , and with ة: see عَائِطٌ in art. عوط, in four places.