Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyya — Sharh al-Ajurrumiyya (التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية) — Page 104

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

مَرْفُوعٌ بِالْوَاوِ نِيَابَةً عَنِ الضَّمَّةِ لِأَنَّهُ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ الْخَمْسَةِ، وَهُوَ مُضَافٌ إِلَى الْهَاءِ الَّتِي هِيَ ضَمِيرٌ عَائِدٌ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ.

It is in the nominative case (marfu') marked by the waw as a substitute for the damma because it is one of the five nouns, and it is in a genitive construction (mudaf) with the ha', which is a pronoun referring back to Muhammad.

وَحُكْمُ النَّعْتِ أَنَّهُ يَتْبَعُ مَنْعُوتَهُ فِي إِعْرَابِهِ، وَفِي تَعْرِيفِهِ أَوْ تَنْكِيرِهِ، سَوَاءٌ أَكَانَ حَقِيقِيّاً أَمْ سَبَبِيّاً.

The rule for the adjective (na't) is that it follows its noun (man'ut) in its grammatical case, and in its definiteness or indefiniteness, whether it is a true adjective or a causal adjective.

وَمَعْنَى هَذَا أَنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ الْمَنْعُوتُ مَرْفُوعاً كَانَ النَّعْتُ مَرْفُوعاً، نَحْوَ: «حَضَرَ مُحَمَّدٌ الْفَاضِلُ» أَوْ «حَضَرَ مُحَمَّدٌ الْفَاضِلُ أَبُوهُ»، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَنْعُوتُ مَنْصُوباً كَانَ النَّعْتُ مَنْصُوباً، نَحْوَ: «رَأَيْتُ مُحَمَّداً الْفَاضِلَ» أَوْ «رَأَيْتُ مُحَمَّداً الْفَاضِلَ أَبُوهُ»، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَنْعُوتُ مَخْفُوضاً كَانَ النَّعْتُ مَخْفُوضاً، نَحْوَ: «نَظَرْتُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَاضِلِ» أَوْ «نَظَرْتُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَاضِلِ أَبُوهُ»، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَنْعُوتُ مَعْرِفَةً كَانَ النَّعْتُ مَعْرِفَةً، كَمَا فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ السَّابِقَةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَنْعُوتُ نَكِرَةً كَانَ النَّعْتُ نَكِرَةً، نَحْوَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَجُلاً عَاقِلاً» أَوْ «رَأَيْتُ رَجُلاً عَاقِلاً أَبُوهُ».

The meaning of this is that if the noun is in the nominative case, the adjective is in the nominative case, such as: 'Muhammad the virtuous attended' or 'Muhammad, whose father is virtuous, attended'; if the noun is in the accusative case, the adjective is in the accusative case, such as: 'I saw Muhammad the virtuous' or 'I saw Muhammad, whose father is virtuous'; if the noun is in the genitive case, the adjective is in the genitive case, such as: 'I looked at Muhammad the virtuous' or 'I looked at Muhammad, whose father is virtuous'; if the noun is definite, the adjective is definite, as in the previous examples; and if the noun is indefinite, the adjective is indefinite, such as: 'I saw a sensible man' or 'I saw a man whose father is sensible'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (7 verbs · 40 nouns)

• تَبِعَ — to follow
• كَانَ — to be
• حَضَرَ — to arrive
• مَرْفُوعٌ — nominative
• وَاوٌ — letter waw
• نِيَابَةٌ — substitution