Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 984

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

لَهُمْ، مَا أَخْسَرَ صَفْقَتَهُمْ.

For them, how ruinous their bargain!

ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَى وَأَخَاهُ هَارُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا وَسُلْطَانٍ مُبِينٍ * إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا عَالِينَ * فَقَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ لِبَشَرَيْنِ مِثْلِنَا وَقَوْمُهُمَا لَنَا عَابِدُونَ * فَكَذَّبُوهُمَا فَكَانُوا مِنَ الْمُهْلَكِينَ * وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ.

Then We sent Moses and his brother Aaron with Our signs and a clear authority to Pharaoh and his chiefs, but they were arrogant and were a haughty people. They said, "Should we believe in two mortals like ourselves while their people are in servitude to us?" So they denied them both and were among those destroyed. We had certainly given Moses the Scripture that they might be guided.

مَرَّ عَلَيَّ مُنْذُ زَمَانٍ طَوِيلٍ كَلَامٌ لِبَعْضِ الْعُلَمَاءِ لَا يَحْضُرُنِي الْآنَ اسْمُهُ وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ بَعْدَ بَعْثِ مُوسَى وَنُزُولِ التَّوْرَاةِ، رَفَعَ اللَّهُ الْعَذَابَ عَنِ الْأُمَمِ، أَيْ عَذَابَ الِاسْتِئْصَالِ وَشَرَعَ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ الْمُعَانِدِينَ الْجِهَادَ، وَلَمْ أَدْرِ مِنْ أَيْنَ أَخَذَهُ، فَلَمَّا تَدَبَّرْتُ هَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ مَعَ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي فِي سُورَةِ الْقَصَصِ تَبَيَّنَ لِي وَجْهُهُ، أَمَّا هَذِهِ الْآيَاتُ، فَلِأَنَّ اللَّهَ ذَكَرَ الْأُمَمَ الْمُهْلَكَةَ الْمُتَتَابِعَةَ عَلَى الْهَلَاكِ، ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ أَرْسَلَ مُوسَى بَعْدَهُمْ، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا الْهِدَايَةُ لِلنَّاسِ، وَلَا يَرُدُّ عَلَى هَذَا، إِهْلَاكُ فِرْعَوْنَ، فَإِنَّهُ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ التَّوْرَاةِ، وَأَمَّا الْآيَاتُ الَّتِي فِي سُورَةِ الْقَصَصِ، فَهِيَ صَرِيحَةٌ جِدًّا، فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا ذَكَرَ هَلَاكَ فِرْعَوْنَ قَالَ: {وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الْأُولَى بَصَائِرَ لِلنَّاسِ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ} فَهَذَا صَرِيحٌ أَنَّهُ آتَاهُ الْكِتَابَ بَعْدَ هَلَاكِ الْأُمَمِ الْبَاغِيَةِ، وَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ أَنْزَلَهُ بَصَائِرَ لِلنَّاسِ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً وَلَعَلَّ مِنْ هَذَا مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي سُورَةِ يُونُسَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: {ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَيْ مِنْ بَعْدِ نُوحٍ رُسُلًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِمْ فَجَاءُوهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَمَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا بِمَا كَذَّبُوا بِهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ كَذَلِكَ نَطْبَعُ عَلَى قُلُوبِ الْمُعْتَدِينَ * ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مُوسَى وَهَارُونَ} الْآيَاتُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

A long time ago, I came across a statement by a scholar—whose name I do not recall—suggesting that after the sending of Moses and the revelation of the Torah, Allah lifted the punishment of total extermination from nations and prescribed jihad for the deniers and the obstinate. I did not know the source of this claim, but when I reflected upon these verses alongside those in Surat Al-Qasas, the reasoning became clear. As for these verses, it is because Allah mentions the successive nations that were destroyed, then reports that He sent Moses after them and revealed the Torah, which contains guidance for people. The destruction of Pharaoh does not contradict this, as it occurred before the revelation of the Torah. The verses in Surat Al-Qasas are very explicit; when mentioning the destruction of Pharaoh, Allah says: {And We had certainly given Moses the Scripture after We had destroyed the former generations, as insights for the people and guidance and mercy that they might remember.} This explicitly states that He gave him the Scripture after the destruction of the rebellious nations, and that He sent it down as insights, guidance, and mercy. Perhaps this is also what Allah mentions in Surat Yunus: {Then We sent after him—meaning after Noah—messengers to their people, and they came to them with clear proofs. But they were not to believe in that which they had denied before. Thus We seal over the hearts of the transgressors. Then We sent after them Moses and Aaron}—and Allah knows best.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (40 verbs · 68 nouns)

• خَسِرَ — to lose
• أَرْسَلَ — to send
• اسْتَكْبَرَ — to be arrogant
• صَفْقَة — deal
• آيَة — sign
• سُلْطَان — authority, power