Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 91

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَالضَّرَّاءُ أَيْ: الْمَرَضُ عَلَى اخْتِلَافِ أَنْوَاعِهِ مِنْ حُمَّى وَقُرُوحٍ وَرِيَاحٍ وَوَجَعِ عُضْوٍ حَتَّى الضِّرْسِ وَالْإِصْبَعِ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى الصَّبْرِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّفْسَ تَضْعُفُ وَالْبَدَنَ يَأْلَمُ، وَذَلِكَ فِي غَايَةِ الْمَشَقَّةِ عَلَى النُّفُوسِ، خُصُوصًا مَعَ تَطَاوُلِ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّهُ يُؤْمَرُ بِالصَّبْرِ، احْتِسَابًا لِثَوَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى.

Adversity means sickness in all its forms—fever, sores, internal ailments, or pain in any part of the body, even a tooth or a finger. Such conditions require patience, as the soul grows weak and the body suffers. This is an immense hardship, especially when it persists, so one is commanded to be patient while seeking the reward of Allah the Exalted.

وَحِينَ الْبَأْسِ أَيْ: وَقْتُ الْقِتَالِ لِلْأَعْدَاءِ الْمَأْمُورِ بِقِتَالِهِمْ، لِأَنَّ الْجِلَادَ يَشُقُّ غَايَةَ الْمَشَقَّةِ عَلَى النَّفْسِ، وَيَجْزَعُ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ أَوِ الْجِرَاحِ أَوِ الْأَسْرِ، فَاحْتِيجَ إِلَى الصَّبْرِ فِي ذَلِكَ احْتِسَابًا وَرَجَاءً لِثَوَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الَّذِي مِنْهُ النَّصْرُ وَالْمَعُونَةُ الَّتِي وَعَدَهَا الصَّابِرِينَ.

At the time of war, meaning the time of fighting enemies whom one is commanded to combat, the struggle is an extreme hardship for the soul. A person naturally feels anguish at the prospect of being killed, wounded, or taken captive. Patience is therefore required, seeking and hoping for the reward of Allah the Exalted, from whom comes the victory and aid He has promised those who are patient.

أُولَئِكَ أَيْ: الْمُتَّصِفُونَ بِمَا ذُكِرَ مِنَ الْعَقَائِدِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَالْأَعْمَالِ الَّتِي هِيَ آثَارُ الْإِيمَانِ وَبُرْهَانُهُ وَنُورُهُ، وَالْأَخْلَاقِ الَّتِي هِيَ جَمَالُ الْإِنْسَانِ وَحَقِيقَةُ الْإِنْسَانِيَّةِ، فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا فِي إِيمَانِهِمْ، لِأَنَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ صَدَّقَتْ إِيمَانَهُمْ، وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُتَّقُونَ لِأَنَّهُمْ تَرَكُوا الْمَحْظُورَ وَفَعَلُوا الْمَأْمُورَ؛ لِأَنَّ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورَ مُشْتَمِلَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ خِصَالِ الْخَيْرِ تَضَمُّنًا وَلُزُومًا لِأَنَّ الْوَفَاءَ بِالْعَهْدِ يَدْخُلُ فِيهِ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ، وَلِأَنَّ الْعِبَادَاتِ الْمَنْصُوصَ عَلَيْهَا فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَكْبَرُ الْعِبَادَاتِ، وَمَنْ قَامَ بِهَا كَانَ بِمَا سِوَاهَا أَقْوَمَ فَهَؤُلَاءِ هُمُ الْأَبْرَارُ الصَّادِقُونَ الْمُتَّقُونَ.

'Those' refers to people characterized by the aforementioned good beliefs and deeds—which are the fruits, proof, and light of faith—as well as the morals that constitute human beauty and the essence of humanity. These are the ones who are truthful in their faith, for their deeds verify their belief. They are the pious because they abandon the forbidden and perform what is commanded. These qualities encompass all traits of goodness, both implicitly and necessarily; fulfilling a covenant involves the entire religion, and the acts of worship stipulated in this verse are the greatest of all. Whoever upholds them is more upright in all other matters. Thus, these are the righteous, the truthful, and the pious.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (41 verbs · 86 nouns)

• اِحْتَاجَ — to need
• ضَعُفَ — to be weak
• أَلِمَ — to ache
• ضَرَّاء — adversity
• مَرَض — sickness
• اخْتِلَاف — difference