Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 193

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَأَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِ لَامَ الِاسْتِحْقَاقِ وَالِاخْتِصَاصِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَنْ أَوْجَبَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِصِيغَةِ الْعُمُومِ الدَّاخِلَةِ عَلَيْهَا حَرْفٌ عَلَى، أَبْدَلَ مِنْهُ أَهْلَ الِاسْتِطَاعَةِ، ثُمَّ نَكَّرَ السَّبِيلَ فِي سِيَاقِ الشَّرْطِ إِيذَانًا بِأَنَّهُ يَجِبُ الْحَجُّ عَلَى أَيِّ سَبِيلٍ تَيَسَّرَتْ مِنْ قُوتٍ أَوْ مَالٍ فَعَلَّقَ الْوُجُوبَ بِحُصُولِ مَا يُسَمَّى سَبِيلًا ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَ ذَلِكَ بِأَعْظَمِ التَّهْدِيدِ بِالْكُفْرِ فَقَالَ {وَمَنْ كَفَرَ} أَيْ: لِعَدَمِ الْتِزَامِهِ هَذَا الْوَاجِبَ وَتَرْكِهِ

(from previous page) ⟵ And among the benefits and secrets of the verse is that He, glory be to Him, when He mentions what He obligates and forbids, He mentions it with the word of command and prohibition, which is the most common, and with the word of obligation, prescription, and prohibition, such as {Fasting has been prescribed for you}, {Dead meat has been forbidden to you}, {Say, "Come, I will recite what your Lord has forbidden to you"}. And regarding Hajj, He used this word indicating the emphasis of the obligation in ten ways, one of which is that He preceded it with His exalted name, and introduced to it the lam of entitlement and exclusivity, then He mentioned those upon whom He obligated it with a general صيغة (form) preceded by the particle 'على' (upon), from which He substituted the people of ability, then He made the way indefinite in the context of the condition, indicating that Hajj is obligatory by whatever means are available, whether sustenance or wealth, so He linked the obligation to the availability of what is called a way, then He followed that with the greatest threat of disbelief, saying {And whoever disbelieves} meaning: due to his non-adherence to this obligation and his abandonment of it.

ثُمَّ عَظَّمَ الشَّأْنَ وَأَكَّدَ الْوَعِيدَ بِإِخْبَارِهِ مَا يُسْتَغْنَى بِهِ عَنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ، وَلَا حَاجَةَ بِهِ إِلَى حَجِّ أَحَدٍ، وَإِنَّمَا فِي ذِكْرِ اسْتِغْنَائِهِ عَنْهُ هُنَا مِنَ الْإِعْلَامِ بِمَقْتِهِ لَهُ وَسَخَطِهِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِعْرَاضِهِ بِوَجْهِهِ عَنْهُ مَا هُوَ أَعْظَمُ التَّهْدِيدِ وَأَبْلَغُهُ، ثُمَّ أَكَّدَ ذَلِكَ بِذِكْرِ اسْمِ "الْعَالَمِينَ" عُمُومًا، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْهُ، لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ غَنِيًّا عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ كُلِّهِمْ فَلَهُ الْغِنَى الْكَامِلُ التَّامُّ مِنْ كُلِّ وَجْهٍ بِكُلِّ اعْتِبَارٍ، فَكَانَ أَدَلَّ لِعِظَمِ مَقْتِهِ لِتَارِكِ حَقِّهِ الَّذِي أَوْجَبَهُ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَكَّدَ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى بِأَدَاةِ "إِنَّ" الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى التَّأْكِيدِ، فَهَذِهِ عَشَرَةُ أَوْجُهٍ تَقْتَضِي تَأَكُّدَ هَذَا الْفَرْضِ الْعَظِيمِ.

He then magnified the matter and emphasized the warning by stating His independence from it; for Allah the Exalted is the Self-Sufficient, the Praiseworthy, and has no need for anyone's Hajj. Mentioning His independence here serves as an announcement of His hatred, wrath, and turning away from the one who abandons it, which is the most eloquent and severe of threats. He emphasized this further by mentioning 'the worlds' in a general sense. He did not say 'Allah is free of need for him' because if He is free of need for all the worlds, He possesses complete and perfect self-sufficiency in every respect, which more clearly indicates the magnitude of His hatred for the one who abandons the right He made obligatory. He then reinforced this meaning with the particle 'inna' for emphasis. These are ten aspects that confirm the importance of this great obligation.

وَتَأَمَّلْ سِرَّ الْبَدَلِ فِي الْآيَةِ الْمُقْتَضِي لِذِكْرِ الْإِسْنَادِ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّةً بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى عُمُومِ النَّاسِ، وَمَرَّةً بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى خُصُوصِ الْمُسْتَطِيعِينَ، وَهَذَا مِنْ فَوَائِدِ الْبَدَلِ تَقْوِيَةُ الْمَعْنَى وَتَأْكِيدُهُ بِتَكَرُّرِ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلِهَذَا كَانَ فِي نِيَّةِ تَكْرَارِ الْعَامِلِ وَإِعَادَتِهِ.

Reflect upon the secret of the substitution in the verse, which requires the attribution to be mentioned twice: once to the generality of people, and once to those specifically capable. This is one of the benefits of substitution: strengthening and emphasizing the meaning through repeated attribution, which effectively functions as repeating the operator.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (38 verbs · 124 nouns)

• أَدْخَلَ — to insert
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• أَوْجَبَ — to make obligatory
• لَام — lam (letter)
• اسْتِحْقَاق — entitlement
• اخْتِصَاص — specification