Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 19

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

رَبِّهِمْ وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَيَقُولُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَذَا مَثَلًا يُضِلُّ بِهِ كَثِيرًا وَيَهْدِي بِهِ كَثِيرًا وَمَا يُضِلُّ بِهِ إِلَّا الْفَاسِقِينَ * الَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ}

(from previous page) ⟵ Indeed, Allah is not ashamed to present an example – that of a mosquito or what is greater than it. And as for those who have believed, they know that it is the truth from their Lord. But as for those who have disbelieved, they say, "What did Allah intend by this as an example?" He misleads many thereby and guides many thereby. And He misleads not except the defiantly disobedient, who break the covenant of Allah after contracting it and sever what Allah has ordered to be joined and cause corruption in the land. It is those who are the losers.

يَقُولُ تَعَالَى: {إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا مَا} أَيْ: أَيُّ مَثَلٍ كَانَ بَعُوضَةً فَمَا فَوْقَهَا لِاشْتِمَالِ الْأَمْثَالِ عَلَى الْحِكْمَةِ وَإِيضَاحِ الْحَقِّ، وَاللَّهُ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ، وَكَأَنَّ فِي هَذَا جَوَابًا لِمَنْ أَنْكَرَ ضَرْبَ الْأَمْثَالِ فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ الْحَقِيرَةِ، وَاعْتَرَضَ عَلَى اللَّهِ فِي ذَلِكَ.

The Exalted says: "Indeed, Allah is not ashamed to present an example—that of a mosquito or something even smaller." This means any example, whether a mosquito or larger, because such examples contain wisdom and clarify the truth. Allah is not ashamed of the truth. This serves as a response to those who objected to the use of examples involving insignificant things and questioned Allah regarding them.

فَلَيْسَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَحَلُّ اعْتِرَاضٍ.

There is no ground for such an objection.

بَلْ هُوَ مِنْ تَعْلِيمِ اللَّهِ لِعِبَادِهِ وَرَحْمَتِهِ بِهِمْ فَيَجِبُ أَنْ تُتَلَقَّى بِالْقَبُولِ وَالشُّكْرِ.

On the contrary, it is part of Allah’s teaching and mercy toward His servants, and it should be received with acceptance and gratitude.

وَلِهَذَا قَالَ: {فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ} فَيَتَفَهَّمُونَهَا، وَيَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِيهَا.

For this reason, He says: "As for those who believe, they know that it is the truth from their Lord," so they contemplate and reflect upon it.

فَإِنْ عَلِمُوا مَا اشْتَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّفْصِيلِ ازْدَادَ بِذَلِكَ عِلْمُهُمْ وَإِيمَانُهُمْ، وَإِلَّا عَلِمُوا أَنَّهَا حَقٌّ، وَمَا اشْتَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَقٌّ، وَإِنْ خَفِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَجْهُ الْحَقِّ فِيهَا لِعِلْمِهِمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَضْرِبْهَا عَبَثًا، بَلْ لِحِكْمَةٍ بَالِغَةٍ، وَنِعْمَةٍ سَابِغَةٍ.

If they understand the details of what it contains, their knowledge and faith increase. If they do not, they still know that it is the truth and that its contents are true, even if the underlying truth remains hidden from them, because they know Allah does not present examples in vain, but for profound wisdom and abundant grace.

{وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَيَقُولُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَذَا مَثَلًا} فَيَعْتَرِضُونَ وَيَتَحَيَّرُونَ، فَيَزْدَادُونَ كُفْرًا إِلَى كُفْرِهِمْ، كَمَا ازْدَادَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِيمَانًا عَلَى إِيمَانِهِمْ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ: {يُضِلُّ بِهِ كَثِيرًا وَيَهْدِي بِهِ كَثِيرًا} فَهَذِهِ حَالُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْكَافِرِينَ عِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَاتِ الْقُرْآنِيَّةِ.

"But as for those who disbelieve, they say, 'What did Allah intend by this example?'" They object and become confused, increasing in disbelief just as the believers increase in faith. This is why He says: "He misleads many thereby and guides many thereby." This is the condition of believers and disbelievers when Quranic verses are revealed.

قَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَإِذَا مَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَذِهِ إِيمَانًا فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا وَهُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ فَزَادَتْهُمْ رِجْسًا إِلَى رِجْسِهِمْ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ}

Allah the Almighty says: "Whenever a surah is revealed, some of them ask, 'Which of you has this increased in faith?' As for those who believe, it increases them in faith, and they rejoice. But as for those in whose hearts is sickness, it adds defilement to their defilement, and they die as disbelievers."

فَلَا أَعْظَمَ نِعْمَةٍ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ مِنْ نُزُولِ الْآيَاتِ الْقُرْآنِيَّةِ، وَمَعَ هَذَا تَكُونُ لِقَوْمٍ مِحْنَةً وَحَيْرَةً وَضَلَالَةً وَزِيَادَةَ شَرٍّ إِلَى شَرِّهِمْ، وَلِقَوْمٍ مِنْحَةً وَرَحْمَةً وَزِيَادَةَ خَيْرٍ إِلَى خَيْرِهِمْ، فَسُبْحَانَ مَنْ فَاوَتَ بَيْنَ عِبَادِهِ، وَانْفَرَدَ بِالْهِدَايَةِ وَالْإِضْلَالِ.

There is no greater blessing for His servants than the revelation of Quranic verses, yet for some, they become a trial, a source of confusion, misguidance, and added evil, while for others, they are a gift, a mercy, and an increase in good. Glorified is He who distinguishes between His servants and alone determines who is guided and who is led astray.

ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حِكْمَتَهُ فِي إِضْلَالِ مَنْ يُضِلُّهُمْ وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ عَدْلٌ مِنْهُ تَعَالَى فَقَالَ: {وَمَا يُضِلُّ بِهِ إِلَّا الْفَاسِقِينَ} أَيْ: الْخَارِجِينَ عَنْ طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ الْمُعَانِدِينَ لِرُسُلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ صَارَ الْفِسْقُ وَصْفَهُمْ فَلَا يَبْغُونَ بِهِ بَدَلًا، فَاقْتَضَتْ حِكْمَتُهُ تَعَالَى إِضْلَالَهُمْ لِعَدَمِ صَلَاحِيَتِهِمْ لِلْهُدَى، كَمَا اقْتَضَتْ حِكْمَتُهُ وَفَضْلُهُ هِدَايَةَ مَنْ اتَّصَفَ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَتَحَلَّى بِالْأَعْمَالِ الصَّالِحَةِ.

Then He mentions His wisdom in misguiding those whom He leads astray, affirming that this is justice from Him, the Exalted: "He misleads none but the defiantly disobedient." This refers to those who depart from obedience to Allah and act with stubbornness toward His messengers, for whom disobedience has become a defining trait that they refuse to trade for anything else. His wisdom necessitated their misguidance because they were unfit for guidance, just as His wisdom and grace necessitated the guidance of those who embraced faith and adorned themselves with righteous deeds.

وَالْفِسْقُ نَوْعَانِ: نَوْعٌ مُخْرِجٌ مِنَ الدِّينِ وَهُوَ الْفِسْقُ الْمُقْتَضِي لِلْخُرُوجِ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ كَالْمَذْكُورِ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَنَحْوِهَا، وَنَوْعٌ غَيْرُ مُخْرِجٍ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ كَمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا}

There are two types of transgression: a type that expels one from religion, which is the transgression that necessitates expulsion from faith, like what is mentioned in this verse and similar ones; and a type that does not expel one from faith, as in His saying, the Almighty: {O you who have believed, if there comes to you a disobedient person with any news, then ascertain it} the verse. ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (38 verbs · 63 nouns)

• كَفَرَ — to disbelieve
• قَالَ — to say
• أَرَادَ — to want
• أَضَلَّ — to lead astray
• نَقَضَ — to break
• قَطَعَ — to cut
• أَمَرَ — to command
• وَصَلَ — to join
• أَفْسَدَ — to corrupt
• اسْتَحْيَا — to be ashamed
• ضَرَبَ — to strike
• اشْتَمَلَ — to include
• أَنْكَرَ — to deny
• اعْتَرَضَ — to object
• عَلَّمَ — to teach
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• تَلَقَّى — to receive
• آمَنَ — to believe
• تَفَهَّمَ — to understand
• تَفَكَّرَ — to reflect
• ازْدَادَ — to increase
• خَفِيَ — to be hidden
• تَحَيَّرَ — to be confused
• أَنْزَلَ — to send down
• زَادَ — to increase
• اسْتَبْشَرَ — to rejoice
• مَاتَ — to die
• فَاوَتَ — to differentiate
• انْفَرَدَ — to be unique
• عَانَدَ — to oppose
• صَارَ — to become
• بَغَى — to desire
• اقْتَضَى — to require
• اتَّصَفَ — to be characterized
• تَحَلَّى — to adorn oneself
• أَخْرَجَ — to expel
• جَاءَ — to come
• تَبَيَّنَ — to verify
• رَبّ — lord
• مَثَل — example
• كَثِير — many
• فَاسِق — transgressor
• عَهْد — covenant
• بَعْد — after
• مِيثَاق — pledge
• أَرْض — earth
• خَاسِر — loser
• بَعُوضَة — mosquito
• فَوْق — above
• حِكْمَة — wisdom
• إِيضَاح — clarification
• حَقّ — truth
• جَوَاب — answer
• شَيْء — things
• حَقِير — insignificant
• مَحَلّ — place
• اعْتِرَاض — objection
• رَحْمَة — mercy
• قَبُول — acceptance
• شُكْر — gratitude
• تَفْصِيل — detail
• إِيمَان — faith
• عَبَث — vain
• بَالِغ — profound
• نِعْمَة — blessing
• سَابِغ — abundant
• كُفْر — disbelief
• مُؤْمِن — believer
• كَافِر — disbeliever
• نُزُول — revelation
• آيَة — verse
• قُرْآنِيّ — quranic
• سُورَة — chapter (of Quran)
• قَلْب — heart
• مَرَض — disease
• رِجْس — filth
• عَظِيم — great
• مِحْنَة — trial
• حَيْرَة — confusion
• ضَلَالَة — misguidance
• زِيَادَة — increase
• شَرّ — evil
• مِنْحَة — gift
• خَيْر — good
• سُبْحَان — glory
• عَدْل — justice
• طَاعَة — obedience
• رَسُول — messenger
• فِسْق — transgression
• وَصْف — description
• بَدَل — substitute
• صَلَاحِيَة — fitness
• عَمَل — deed
• صَالِح — righteous
• نَوْع — type
• دِين — religion
• مُقْتَضِي — requiring
• خُرُوج — exit
• مَذْكُور — mentioned
• نَحْو — like
• نَبَأ — news