Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 18

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فَبَشِّرْهُمْ أَنَّ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ أَيْ: بَسَاتِينَ جَامِعَةً مِنَ الْأَشْجَارِ الْعَجِيبَةِ وَالثِّمَارِ الْأَنِيقَةِ، وَالظِّلِّ الْمَدِيدِ، وَالْأَغْصَانِ وَالْأَفْنَانِ وَبِذَلِكَ صَارَتْ جَنَّةً يَجْتَنُّ بِهَا دَاخِلُهَا وَيَنْعَمُ فِيهَا سَاكِنُهَا.

Give them the glad tidings that they will have gardens—meaning comprehensive orchards filled with wondrous trees, elegant fruits, long-stretching shade, and abundant boughs. It is a garden that shelters those who enter it and provides comfort to those who dwell within.

تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ أَيْ: أَنْهَارُ الْمَاءِ وَاللَّبَنِ وَالْعَسَلِ وَالْخَمْرِ يُفَجِّرُونَهَا كَيْفَ شَاءُوا، وَيَصْرِفُونَهَا أَيْنَ أَرَادُوا وَتَشْرَبُ مِنْهَا تِلْكَ الْأَشْجَارُ فَتُنْبِتُ أَصْنَافَ الثِّمَارِ.

Rivers flow beneath them—rivers of water, milk, honey, and wine. They cause them to gush forth however they wish and direct them wherever they desire, and the trees drink from them to produce various kinds of fruit.

كُلَّمَا رُزِقُوا مِنْهَا مِنْ ثَمَرَةٍ رِزْقًا قَالُوا هَذَا الَّذِي رُزِقْنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ أَيْ: هَذَا مِنْ جِنْسِهِ وَعَلَى وَصْفِهِ كُلُّهَا مُتَشَابِهَةٌ فِي الْحُسْنِ وَاللَّذَّةِ لَيْسَ فِيهَا ثَمَرَةٌ خَاصَّةٌ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ وَقْتٌ خَالٍ مِنَ اللَّذَّةِ فَهُمْ دَائِمًا مُتَلَذِّذُونَ بِأَكْلِهَا.

Whenever they are provided with fruit from these gardens, they say, 'This is what we were provided with before.' This means it is of the same kind and description; all of it is similar in beauty and deliciousness, with no single fruit being superior to another. They have no moment devoid of pleasure, for they are always enjoying what they eat.

وَقَوْلُهُ: وَأُتُوا بِهِ مُتَشَابِهًا قِيلَ مُتَشَابِهًا فِي الِاسْمِ، مُخْتَلِفَ الطُّعُومِ وَقِيلَ مُتَشَابِهًا فِي اللَّوْنِ، مُخْتَلِفًا فِي الْحُسْنِ وَاللَّذَّةِ وَالْفُكَاهَةِ، وَلَعَلَّ هَذَا الصَّحِيحُ.

Regarding His saying, 'And they are given it in likeness,' it has been said that they are similar in name but different in taste. Others say they are similar in color but different in beauty, flavor, and delight, which is perhaps the correct view.

ثُمَّ لَمَّا ذَكَرَ مَسْكَنَهُمْ وَأَقْوَاتَهُمْ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ وَفَوَاكِهَهُمْ ذَكَرَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ، فَوَصَفَهُنَّ بِأَكْمَلِ وَصْفٍ وَأَوْجَزِهِ، وَأَوْضَحِهِ فَقَالَ: وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا أَزْوَاجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ فَلَمْ يَقُلْ: "مُطَهَّرَةٌ مِنَ الْعَيْبِ الْفُلَانِيِّ" لِيَشْمَلَ جَمِيعَ أَنْوَاعِ التَّطْهِيرِ، فَهُنَّ مُطَهَّرَاتُ الْأَخْلَاقِ مُطَهَّرَاتُ الْخَلْقِ مُطَهَّرَاتُ اللِّسَانِ، مُطَهَّرَاتُ الْأَبْصَارِ، فَأَخْلَاقُهُنَّ، أَنَّهُنَّ عُرُبٌ مُتَحَبِّبَاتٌ إِلَى أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ بِالْخُلُقِ الْحَسَنِ وَحُسْنِ التَّبَعُّلِ وَالْأَدَبِ الْقَوْلِيِّ وَالْفِعْلِيِّ، وَمُطَهَّرٌ خَلْقُهُنَّ مِنَ الْحَيْضِ وَالنِّفَاسِ وَالْمَنِيِّ، وَالْبَوْلِ وَالْغَائِطِ وَالْمُخَاطِ وَالْبُصَاقِ، وَالرَّائِحَةِ الْكَرِيهَةِ، وَمُطَهَّرَاتُ الْخَلْقِ أَيْضًا بِكَمَالِ الْجَمَالِ، فَلَيْسَ فِيهِنَّ عَيْبٌ وَلَا دَمَامَةُ خَلْقٍ بَلْ هُنَّ خَيِّرَاتٌ حِسَانٌ مُطَهَّرَاتُ اللِّسَانِ وَالطَّرْفِ قَاصِرَاتٌ طَرْفَهُنَّ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ وَقَاصِرَاتٌ أَلْسِنَتَهُنَّ عَنْ كُلِّ كَلَامٍ قَبِيحٍ.

After mentioning their dwelling, their sustenance of food and drink, and their fruits, He mentions their spouses, describing them with the most perfect, concise, and clear language: 'And they will have purified spouses therein.' He did not specify a particular defect to be purified from, so as to include all forms of purity. They are purified in character, creation, speech, and sight. Their character is defined by their loving, affectionate nature toward their spouses, shown through good conduct, companionship, and verbal and behavioral etiquette. Their creation is purified from menstruation, postpartum bleeding, semen, urine, feces, mucus, saliva, and foul odors. They are also purified in their physical form, possessing perfect beauty; there is no defect or ugliness in them. Rather, they are virtuous, beautiful, and pure in both tongue and gaze, keeping their eyes fixed on their spouses and their tongues free from all ugly speech.

فَفِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ الْكَرِيمَةِ، ذَكَرَ الْمُبَشِّرَ وَالْمُبَشَّرَ وَالْمُبَشَّرَ بِهِ وَالسَّبَبَ الْمُوصِلَ لِهَذِهِ الْبِشَارَةِ، فَالْمُبَشِّرُ هُوَ الرَّسُولُ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَمَنْ قَامَ مَقَامَهُ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ، وَالْمُبَشَّرُ: هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْعَامِلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ، وَالْمُبَشَّرُ بِهِ هِيَ الْجَنَّاتُ الْمَوْصُوفَاتُ بِتِلْكَ الصِّفَاتِ وَالسَّبَبُ الْمُوصِلُ لِذَلِكَ هُوَ الْإِيمَانُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ، فَلَا سَبِيلَ إِلَى الْوُصُولِ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْبِشَارَةِ، إِلَّا بِهِمَا، وَهَذَا أَعْظَمُ بِشَارَةٍ حَاصِلَةٌ عَلَى يَدِ أَفْضَلِ الْخَلْقِ، بِأَفْضَلِ الْأَسْبَابِ.

In this noble verse, He mentions the one giving the glad tidings, the one receiving them, the glad tidings themselves, and the cause that leads to them. The one giving the glad tidings is the Messenger (peace be upon him) and those from his nation who follow in his footsteps. The recipients are the believers who perform righteous deeds. The glad tidings are the gardens described with these attributes, and the cause leading to them is faith and righteous action. There is no way to reach this reward except through these two, and this is the greatest glad tidings delivered at the hands of the best of creation through the best of means.

وَفِيهِ اسْتِحْبَابُ بِشَارَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَتَنْشِيطُهُمْ عَلَى الْأَعْمَالِ بِذِكْرِ جَزَائِهَا وَثَمَرَاتِهَا فَإِنَّهَا بِذَلِكَ تَخِفُّ وَتَسْهُلُ، وَأَعْظَمُ بُشْرَى حَاصِلَةٌ لِلْإِنْسَانِ، تَوْفِيقُهُ لِلْإِيمَانِ وَالْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ، فَذَلِكَ أَوَّلُ الْبِشَارَةِ وَأَصْلُهَا، وَمِنْ بَعْدِهِ الْبُشْرَى عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ، وَمِنْ بَعْدِهِ الْوُصُولُ إِلَى هَذَا النَّعِيمِ الْمُقِيمِ، نَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنَا مِنْهُمْ.

This verse encourages giving glad tidings to the believers and motivating them to perform deeds by mentioning their rewards and fruits, which makes those deeds feel light and easy. The greatest glad tidings a human can receive is being granted the success to possess faith and perform righteous deeds; this is the beginning and the root of all glad tidings. It is followed by the glad tidings at the time of death, and finally, the arrival at this everlasting bliss. We ask Allah to make us among them.

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا مَا بَعُوضَةً فَمَا فَوْقَهَا فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ

Indeed, Allah is not ashamed to present an example – that of a mosquito or what is greater than it. And as for those who have believed, they know that it is the truth from their Lord. But as for those who have disbelieved, they say, "What did Allah intend by this as an example?" He misleads many thereby and guides many thereby. And He misleads not except the defiantly disobedient, who break the covenant of Allah after contracting it and sever what Allah has ordered to be joined and cause corruption in the land. It is those who are the losers. ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (30 verbs · 115 nouns)

• بَشَّرَ — to announce good news
• صَارَ — to become
• اجْتَنَّ — to be covered
• نَعِمَ — to enjoy
• جَرَى — to flow
• فَجَّرَ — to cause to gush
• شَاءَ — to will
• صَرَفَ — to direct
• أَرَادَ — to want
• شَرِبَ — to drink
• أَنْبَتَ — to cause to grow
• رَزَقَ — to provide
• قَالَ — to say
• أَتَى — to bring
• تَشَابَهَ — to resemble
• شَبَّهَ — to liken
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• وَصَفَ — to describe
• طَهَّرَ — to purify
• شَمَلَ — to include
• قَامَ — to stand
• وَصَلَ — to reach
• خَفَّ — to become light
• سَهُلَ — to become easy
• سَأَلَ — to ask
• جَعَلَ — to make
• اسْتَحْيَا — to be ashamed
• ضَرَبَ — to strike
• آمَنَ — to believe
• عَلِمَ — to know
• جَنَّة — garden
• بُسْتَان — orchard
• جَامِع — comprehensive
• شَجَر — tree
• عَجِيب — wondrous
• ثَمَر — fruit
• أَنِيق — elegant
• ظِلّ — shade
• مَدِيد — long, extended
• غُصْن — branch; twig
• فَنَن — twig
• دَاخِل — insider
• سَاكِن — dweller
• نَهْر — river
• مَاء — water
• لَبَن — milk
• عَسَل — honey
• خَمْر — wine
• صِنْف — type
• جِنْس — kind
• وَصْف — description
• حُسْن — beauty
• لَذَّة — pleasure
• خَاصّ — special
• وَقْت — time
• خَال — empty
• دَائِم — constant
• مُتَلَذِّذ — enjoyer
• أَكْل — eating
• اسْم — name
• مُخْتَلِف — different
• طَعْم — taste
• لَوْن — color
• بَعْض — part
• فُكَاهَة — humor
• صَحِيح — correct, healthy (adjective)
• مَسْكَن — dwelling
• قُوت — sustenance
• طَعَام — food
• شَرَاب — drink
• فَاكِهَة — fruit
• زَوْج — spouse
• أَكْمَل — most complete
• أَوْجَز — most concise, more brief
• أَوْضَح — most clear
• عَيْب — defect
• فُلَانِيّ — certain
• جَمِيع — all
• نَوْع — type
• تَطْهِير — purification
• خُلُق — morals
• خَلْق — creation
• لِسَان — tongue
• أَبْصَار — sights
• عَرُوب — loving (female)
• مُتَحَبِّب — affectionate
• تَبَعُّل — marriage; taking a husband; being a wife
• أَدَب — etiquette
• قَوْلِيّ — verbal
• فِعْلِيّ — practical
• حَيْض — menstruation
• نِفَاس — postpartum period
• بَوْل — urine
• غَائِط — excrement
• مُخَاط — mucus
• بُصَاق — spit
• رَائِحَة — smell
• كَرِيه — disgusting
• كَمَال — perfection
• جَمَال — beauty
• دَمَامَة — ugliness
• خَيِّر — good people
• حِسَان — beautiful
• طَرَف — gaze
• قَاصِر — restraining
• كَلَام — speech
• قَبِيح — ugly
• آيَة — verse
• كَرِيم — noble
• مُبَشِّر — bearer of good news
• سَبَب — reason; cause
• مُوصِل — connector
• بِشَارَة — good news
• رَسُول — messenger
• مَقَام — station ; standing place
• أُمَّة — nation
• مُؤْمِن — believer
• عَامِل — doer
• صَالِح — righteous
• مَوْصُوف — described
• صِفَة — attribute, quality, characteristic
• إِيمَان — faith
• عَمَل — deed
• سَبِيل — path
• وُصُول — arrival
• أَعْظَم — greatest
• حَاصِل — result; product; what is obtained
• يَد — hand
• أَفْضَل — best
• اسْتِحْبَاب — desirability
• تَنْشِيط — encouragement
• جَزَاء — reward
• ثَمَرَة — fruits
• بُشْرَى — good news
• إِنْسَان — human
• تَوْفِيق — success
• أَوَّل — first
• أَصْل — origin
• مَوْت — death
• نَعِيم — bliss
• مُقِيم — everlasting
• مَثَل — example
• بَعُوضَة — mosquito
• فَوْق — above
• حَقّ — truth