Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 185

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

اللَّهُ الْمَعَاصِي الَّتِي بَيْنَ الْعَبْدِ وَبَيْنَ رَبِّهِ وَبَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْخَلْقِ، فَمَنْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ الَّذِينَ يُحِبُّهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، سَوَاءٌ كَانُوا مِنَ الْأُمِّيِّينَ أَوْ غَيْرِهِمْ، فَمَنْ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ، فَلَمْ يُوفِ بِعَهْدِهِ وَلَمْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِمَّنْ يُحِبُّهُ اللَّهُ بَلْ مِمَّنْ يُبْغِضُهُ اللَّهُ، وَإِذَا كَانَ الْأُمِّيُّونَ قَدْ عُرِفُوا بِوَفَاءِ الْعُهُودِ وَبِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ، وَعَدَمِ التَّجَرُّؤِ عَلَى الْأَمْوَالِ الْمُحْتَرَمَةِ كَانُوا هُمُ الْمَحْبُوبِينَ لِلَّهِ الْمُتَّقِينَ الَّذِينَ أُعِدَّتْ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةُ، وَكَانُوا أَفْضَلَ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ وَأَجَلَّهُمْ، بِخِلَافِ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ، فَإِنَّهُمْ دَاخِلُونَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} وَيَدْخُلُ فِي ذَلِكَ كُلُّ مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا فِي مُقَابَلَةِ مَا تَرَكَهُ مِنْ حَقِّ اللَّهِ أَوْ حَقِّ عِبَادِهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ يَقْتَطِعُ بِهَا مَالَ مَعْصُومٍ فَهُوَ دَاخِلٌ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، فَهَؤُلَاءِ {لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ} أَيْ: لَا نَصِيبَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ غَضَبًا عَلَيْهِمْ وَسَخَطًا، لِتَقْدِيمِهِمْ هَوَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ عَلَى رِضَا رَبِّهِمْ {وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ} أَيْ: يُطَهِّرُهُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِمْ، وَلَا يُزِيلُ عُيُوبَهُمْ {وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} أَيْ: مُوجِعٌ لِلْقُلُوبِ وَالْأَبْدَانِ وَهُوَ عَذَابُ السَّخَطِ وَالْحِجَابِ وَعَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ، نَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ.

(from previous page) ⟵ “Whoever fulfills his covenant and fears God.” The covenant includes the covenant between the servant and his Lord, which is all that God has obligated upon the servant as His right, and it includes the covenant between the servant and other people. Piety in this context refers to fearing God's transgressions that are between the servant and his Lord, and between him and creation. So whoever is like that is among the pious whom God Almighty loves, whether they are illiterate or not. So whoever says, “There is no way for us against the illiterate,” has not fulfilled his covenant and has not feared God, and therefore is not among those whom God loves, but rather among those whom God hates. And if the illiterate were known for fulfilling covenants and fearing God, and not daring to touch respected wealth, they would be the beloved of God, the pious for whom Paradise has been prepared, and they would be the best and most noble of God's creation. This is in contrast to those who say, “There is no way for us against the illiterate,” for they fall under His saying: “Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their oaths for a small price.” This includes everyone who takes something from this world in exchange for what he abandoned of God's right or the rights of His servants. Likewise, whoever swears an oath by which he wrongfully seizes the property of an innocent person is included in this verse. These are those for whom “there will be no share in the Hereafter,” meaning they will have no portion of good, and God will not speak to them on the Day of Resurrection out of anger and displeasure towards them, because they preferred their own desires over the pleasure of their Lord. “And He will not purify them,” meaning He will not cleanse them of their sins, nor remove their flaws. “And for them is a painful punishment,” meaning a torment that pains the hearts and bodies, which is the punishment of wrath, veiling, and the punishment of Hell. We ask God for well-being.

{وَإِنَّ مِنْهُمْ لَفَرِيقًا يَلْوُونَ أَلْسِنَتَهُمْ بِالْكِتَابِ لِتَحْسَبُوهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ}

{Indeed, there is among them a party who alter the Scripture with their tongues so that you might think it is from the Scripture, when it is not. They say, 'This is from Allah,' when it is not from Allah. They speak lies about Allah while they know better.}

يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَرِيقًا يَلْوُونَ أَلْسِنَتَهُمْ بِالْكِتَابِ أَيْ يُمِيلُونَهُ وَيُحَرِّفُونَهُ عَنِ الْمَقْصُودِ بِهِ، وَهَذَا يَشْمَلُ اللَّيَّ وَالتَّحْرِيفَ لِأَلْفَاظِهِ وَمَعَانِيهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمَقْصُودَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ حِفْظُ أَلْفَاظِهِ وَعَدَمُ تَغْيِيرِهَا، وَفَهْمُ الْمُرَادِ مِنْهَا، وَإِفْهَامُهُ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ عَكَسُوا الْقَضِيَّةَ وَأَفْهَمُوا غَيْرَ الْمُرَادِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ إِمَّا تَعْرِيضًا وَإِمَّا تَصْرِيحًا، فَالْتَّعْرِيضُ فِي قَوْلِهِ {لِتَحْسَبُوهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ} أَيْ: يَلْوُونَ أَلْسِنَتَهُمْ وَيُوهِمُونَكُمْ أَنَّهُ هُوَ الْمُرَادُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَلَيْسَ هُوَ الْمُرَادُ وَالتَّصْرِيحُ فِي قَوْلِهِمْ: {وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ} وَهَذَا أَعْظَمُ جُرْمًا مِمَّنْ يَقُولُ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِلَا عِلْمٍ هَؤُلَاءِ يَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ فَيَجْمَعُونَ بَيْنَ نَفْيِ الْمَعْنَى الْحَقِّ، وَإِثْبَاتِ الْمَعْنَى الْبَاطِلِ وَتَنْزِيلِ اللَّفْظِ الدَّالِّ عَلَى الْحَقِّ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى الْفَاسِدِ مَعَ عِلْمِهِمْ بِذَلِكَ.

Allah Almighty informs us that among the People of the Scripture is a party who alter the Scripture with their tongues, meaning they twist and distort it from its intended meaning. This encompasses the twisting of both its words and its meanings. The purpose of the Scripture is to preserve its words without alteration, to understand its intended meaning, and to convey it. These people, however, reversed this, leading others to understand something other than what was intended, whether by implication or explicit statement. The implication is in His saying: {so that you would think it is from the Scripture} [3:78], meaning they twist their tongues to make you imagine that their words are the intended meaning of the Book of Allah, when they are not. The explicit statement is in their saying: {And they say, 'This is from Allah,' when it is not from Allah. And they speak lies about Allah while they know better} [3:78]. This is a greater crime than speaking about Allah without knowledge. These people speak lies about Allah, combining the negation of the truth, the affirmation of falsehood, and the application of words that signify truth to a corrupt meaning, all while knowing exactly what they are doing.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (42 verbs · 71 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• أَحَبَّ — to love
• تَعَالَى — to be exalted
• مَعْصِيَة — sin
• رَبّ — Lord
• خَلْق — creation