Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 180

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

طَوْعَ مَشِيئَتِهِ وَتَبَعٌ لِإِرَادَتِهِ فَهُوَ عَلَى نَقِيضِ قَوْلِهِمْ أَدَلُّ، وَعَلَى أَنَّ أَحَدًا لَا يَسْتَحِقُّ الْمُشَارَكَةَ لِلَّهِ بِوَجْهٍ مِنَ الْوُجُوهِ أَوْلَى، وَمَعَ هَذَا فَآدَمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ تُرَابٍ لَا مِنْ أَبٍ وَلَا أُمٍّ، فَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَا يُوجِبُ لِآدَمَ مَا زَعَمَهُ النَّصَارَى فِي الْمَسِيحِ، فَالْمَسِيحُ الْمَخْلُوقُ مِنْ أُمٍّ بِلَا أَبٍ مِنْ بَابٍ أَوْلَى وَأَحْرَى، فَإِنْ صَحَّ إِدِّعَاءُ الْبُنُوَّةِ وَالْإِلَهِيَّةِ فِي الْمَسِيحِ، فَادِّعَاؤُهَا فِي آدَمَ مِنْ بَابٍ أَوْلَى وَأَحْرَى، فَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى {إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَى عِنْدَ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ آدَمَ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ} أَيْ: هَذَا الَّذِي أَخْبَرْنَاكَ بِهِ مِنَ الْمَسِيحِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ هُوَ الْحَقُّ الَّذِي فِي أَعْلَى رُتَبِ الصِّدْقِ، لِكَوْنِهِ مِنْ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي مِنْ جُمْلَةِ تَرْبِيَتِهِ الْخَاصَّةِ لَكَ وَلِأُمَّتِكَ أَنْ قَصَّ عَلَيْكُمْ مَا قَصَّ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ فَلَا تَكُنْ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ} أَيْ: الشَّاكِّينَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِمَّا أَخْبَرَكَ بِهِ رَبُّكَ، وَفِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَمَا بَعْدَهَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى قَاعِدَةٍ شَرِيفَةٍ وَهُوَ أَنَّ مَا قَامَتِ الْأَدِلَّةُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ حَقٌّ وَجَزَمَ بِهِ الْعَبْدُ مِنْ مَسَائِلِ الْعَقَائِدِ وَغَيْرِهَا فَإِنَّهُ يَجِبُ أَنْ يُجْزَمَ بِأَنَّ كُلَّ مَا عَارَضَهُ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ، وَكُلَّ شُبْهَةٍ تُورَدُ عَلَيْهِ فَهِيَ فَاسِدَةٌ، سَوَاءٌ قَدَرَ الْعَبْدُ عَلَى حَلِّهَا أَمْ لَا، فَلَا يُوجِبُ لَهُ عَجْزُهُ عَنْ حَلِّهَا الْقَدْحَ فِيمَا عَلِمَهُ، لِأَنَّ مَا خَالَفَ الْحَقَّ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ قَالَ تَعَالَى فَمَاذَا بَعْدَ الْحَقِّ إِلَّا الضَّلَالُ وَبِهَذِهِ الْقَاعِدَةِ الشَّرْعِيَّةِ تَنْحَلُّ عَنِ الْإِنْسَانِ إِشْكَالَاتٌ كَثِيرَةٌ يُورِدُهَا الْمُتَكَلِّمُونَ وَيُرَتِّبُهَا الْمَنْطِقِيُّونَ إِنْ حَلَّهَا الْإِنْسَانُ فَهُوَ تَبَرُّعٌ مِنْهُ، وَإِلَّا فَوَظِيفَتُهُ أَنْ يُبَيِّنَ الْحَقَّ بِأَدِلَّتِهِ وَيَدْعُوَ إِلَيْهِ.

(from previous page) ⟵ The Almighty informs, arguing against the Christians who claim about Jesus, peace be upon him, what is not rightfully his, without proof or semblance of truth, but rather by their assertion that he had no father, thereby deserving to be the son of God or a partner with God in divinity. This is not even a semblance of truth, let alone an argument, because his creation in that manner is among the signs of God indicating God's uniqueness in creation and governance, and that all causes are subject to His will and subservient to His desire. Thus, it is more indicative of the opposite of their saying, and more fitting that no one deserves partnership with God in any way. Moreover, Adam, peace be upon him, was created by God from dust, without a father or a mother. If that does not necessitate for Adam what the Christians claimed for the Messiah, then the Messiah, created from a mother without a father, is even more so. If the claim of sonship and divinity for the Messiah is valid, then claiming it for Adam is even more so. For this reason, the Almighty said: "Indeed, the example of Jesus to Allah is like that of Adam. He created him from dust; then He said to him, 'Be,' and he was. The truth is from your Lord." That is, what We have informed you about the Messiah, peace be upon him, is the truth, which is at the highest level of veracity, because it is from your Lord, whose special nurturing of you and your nation includes His recounting to you what He recounted of the news of the prophets, peace be upon them. So do not be among the doubters, meaning those who doubt anything your Lord has informed you of. In this verse and what follows it, there is evidence for a noble principle: that whatever is proven by evidence to be true and is firmly believed by the servant, whether in matters of creed or otherwise, then it must be firmly believed that everything that contradicts it is false, and every doubt raised against it is invalid, whether the servant is able to resolve it or not. His inability to resolve it does not necessitate discrediting what he knows, because what contradicts the truth is false. The Almighty said: "So what is there after the truth except misguidance?" And by this legal principle, many problems raised by theologians and arranged by logicians are resolved for man. If man resolves them, it is a voluntary act on his part; otherwise, his duty is to clarify the truth with its proofs and invite to it.

{فَمَنْ حَاجَّكَ فِيهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ فَقُلْ تَعَالَوْا نَدْعُ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَنِسَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَكُمْ وَأَنْفُسَنَا وَأَنْفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَلْ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَاذِبِينَ * إِنَّ هَذَا لَهُوَ الْقَصَصُ الْحَقُّ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَهٍ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ * فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ}

{Then whoever argues with you concerning him after what has come to you of knowledge, say, 'Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, then pray earnestly and invoke the curse of Allah upon the liars.' Indeed, this is the true account. There is no deity except Allah. Indeed, Allah is the Exalted in Might, the Wise. But if they turn away, then indeed Allah is Knowing of the corrupters.}

أَيْ: فَمَنْ جَادَلَكَ وَحَاجَّكَ فِي عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ فَوْقَ مَنْزِلَةِ الْعُبُودِيَّةِ، بَلْ رَفَعَهُ فَوْقَ مَنْزِلَتِهِ {مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ بِأَنَّهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ وَبَيَّنْتَ لِمَنْ جَادَلَكَ مَا عِنْدَكَ مِنَ الْأَدِلَّةِ الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، دَلَّ عَلَى عِنَادِ مَنْ لَمْ يَتَّبِعْكَ فِي هَذَا الْعِلْمِ الْيَقِينِيِّ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ فِي مُجَادَلَتِهِ فَائِدَةٌ تَسْتَفِيدُهَا وَلَا يَسْتَفِيدُهَا هُوَ لِأَنَّ الْحَقَّ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ فَجِدَالُهُ فِيهِ جِدَالُ مُعَانِدٍ مُشَاقٍّ لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، قَصْدُهُ اتِّبَاعُ هَوَاهُ لَا اتِّبَاعُ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَهَذَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ حِيلَةٌ، فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ أَنْ يَنْتَقِلَ إِلَى مُبَاهَلَتِهِ وَمُلَاعَنَتِهِ، فَيَدْعُونَ اللَّهَ وَيَبْتَهِلُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَعْنَتَهُ وَعُقُوبَتَهُ عَلَى الْكَاذِبِ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ، هُوَ وَأَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَوْلَادِ وَالْأَبْنَاءِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، فَدَعَاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِلَى ذَلِكَ فَتَوَلَّوْا وَأَعْرَضُوا وَنَكَلُوا وَعَلِمُوا أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ لَاعَنُوهُ رَجَعُوا إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ وَأَوْلَادِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا أَهْلًا وَلَا مَالًا وَعُوجِلُوا بِالْعُقُوبَةِ، فَرَضُوا بِدِينِهِمْ مَعَ جَزْمِهِمْ بِبُطْلَانِهِ، وَهَذَا غَايَةُ الْفَسَادِ وَالْعِنَادِ، فَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ فَيُعَاقِبُهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَشَدَّ

That is: whoever disputes with you and argues with you about Jesus, peace be upon him, and claims that he is above the status of servitude, rather, he raised him above his status, after the knowledge came to you that he is the servant of Allah and His messenger, and you explained to whoever disputed with you the evidence you have that he is a servant whom Allah blessed, it indicates the obstinacy of whoever did not follow you in this certain knowledge, so there is no benefit left in his argumentation that you would gain or he would gain, because the truth has become clear, so his argumentation in it is the argumentation of an obstinate opponent to Allah and His Messenger, his intention is to follow his whims, not to follow what Allah has revealed, so there is no trick in this. So Allah commanded His Prophet to move to mutual imprecation and cursing with him, so they would call upon Allah and earnestly supplicate to Him to place His curse and punishment upon the liar from the two parties, him and the dearest people to him from children, sons, and women. So the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, invited them to that, but they turned away, averted, and recoiled, and they knew that if they cursed him, they would return to their families and children and find neither family nor wealth, and they would be hastened with punishment. So they were content with their religion despite their certainty of its falsehood, and this is the utmost corruption and obstinacy. For this reason, Allah Almighty said: "But if they turn away, then Allah is All-Knowing of the mischief-makers," so He will punish them for that most severely, and Allah Almighty informed that this which Allah has recounted to His servants is the true narrative. ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

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Vocabulary · المفردات (49 verbs · 85 nouns)

• خَلَقَ — to create
• أَوْجَبَ — to necessitate
• زَعَمَ — to claim
• طَوْع — obedience
• مَشِيئَة — will
• إِرَادَة — desire