Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 14

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

مَثَلُهُمْ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهُ ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ *

(from previous page) ⟵ They were not guided, a confirmation of their misguidance, and that they did not receive any guidance. Their example is like that of one who kindled a fire, but when it illuminated what was around him, Allah took away their light and left them in darkness, unable to see.

صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ *

Deaf, dumb and blind - so they will not return [to the right path].

أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ وَاللَّهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ *

Or like a rainstorm from the sky, filled with darkness, thunder, and lightning; they plug their ears against the thunderclaps for fear of death, for Allah encompasses the disbelievers.

يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ.

The lightning almost snatches away their sight. Every time it lights [the way] for them, they walk therein; but when darkness comes over them, they stand [still]. And if Allah had willed, He could have taken away their hearing and their sight. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent.

أَي مَثَلُهُمُ الْمُطَابِقُ لِمَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا أَي كَانَ فِي ظُلْمَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ، وَحَاجَةٍ إِلَى النَّارِ شَدِيدَةٍ فَاسْتَوْقَدَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مُعَدَّةً بَلْ هِيَ خَارِجَةٌ عَنْهُ، فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَتِ النَّارُ مَا حَوْلَهُ، وَنَظَرَ الْمَحَلَّ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ، وَمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْمَخَاوِفِ وَأَمِنَهَا وَانْتَفَعَ بِتِلْكَ النَّارِ، وَقَرَّتْ بِهَا عَيْنُهُ وَظَنَّ أَنَّهُ قَادِرٌ عَلَيْهَا، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِ، فَذَهَبَ عَنْهُ النُّورُ، وَذَهَبَ مَعَهُ السُّرُورُ وَبَقِيَ فِي الظُّلْمَةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ وَالنَّارِ الْمُحْرِقَةِ، فَذَهَبَ مَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْإِشْرَاقِ، وَبَقِيَ مَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْإِحْرَاقِ فَبَقِيَ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ: ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ، وَظُلْمَةِ السَّحَابِ، وَظُلْمَةِ الْمَطَرِ، وَالظُّلْمَةِ الْحَاصِلَةِ بَعْدَ النُّورِ، فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ حَالُ هَذَا الْمَوْصُوفِ؟

This means their likeness, which corresponds to their true state, is like someone who kindled a fire. He was in deep darkness and in desperate need of light, so he borrowed fire from others—it was not his own, but something external. When the fire illuminated his surroundings, he could see the place he was in, along with its dangers and safety. He benefited from the fire and felt at ease, thinking he had control over it. Yet, just as he felt secure, Allah took away his light. The light vanished, and with it, his joy. He was left in profound darkness and scorching fire; the illumination was gone, leaving only the burning. He remained trapped in layers of darkness: the darkness of the night, the clouds, the rain, and the darkness that followed the light. What, then, is the state of such a person?

فَكَذَلِكَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُنَافِقُونَ، اسْتَوْقَدُوا نَارَ الْإِيمَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ صِفَةً لَهُمْ، فَانْتَفَعُوا بِهَا وَحُقِنَتْ بِذَلِكَ دِمَاؤُهُمْ، وَسَلِمَتْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ، وَحَصَلَ لَهُمْ نَوْعٌ مِنَ الْأَمْنِ فِي الدُّنْيَا، فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِذْ هَجَمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَوْتُ، فَسَلَبَهُمُ الِانْتِفَاعَ بِذَلِكَ النُّورِ وَحَصَلَ لَهُمْ كُلُّ هَمٍّ وَغَمٍّ وَعَذَابٍ وَحَصَلَ لَهُمْ ظُلْمَةُ الْقَبْرِ، وَظُلْمَةُ الْكُفْرِ، وَظُلْمَةُ النِّفَاقِ وَظُلْمُ الْمَعَاصِي عَلَى اخْتِلَافِ أَنْوَاعِهَا، وَبَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ظُلْمَةُ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ.

The hypocrites are the same. They kindled the fire of faith from the believers, though it was not truly their own. They benefited from it, as it spared their lives and protected their wealth, granting them a measure of security in this world. Yet, just as they felt secure, death suddenly overtook them. It stripped them of the benefit of that light, leaving them with nothing but worry, grief, and torment. They were plunged into the darkness of the grave, the darkness of disbelief, the darkness of hypocrisy, and the darkness of various sins, followed by the darkness of the Fire—a wretched destination.

فَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمْ: {صُمٌّ} أَيْ: عَنْ سَمَاعِ الْخَيْرِ {بُكْمٌ} أَيْ: عَنِ النُّطْقِ بِهِ {عُمْيٌ} عَنْ رُؤْيَةِ الْحَقِّ، {فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ} لِأَنَّهُمْ تَرَكُوا الْحَقَّ بَعْدَ أَنْ عَرَفُوهُ فَلَا يَرْجِعُونَ إِلَيْهِ بِخِلَافِ مَنْ تَرَكَ الْحَقَّ عَنْ جَهْلٍ وَضَلَالٍ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَعْقِلُ، وَهُوَ أَقْرَبُ رُجُوعًا مِنْهُمْ.

For this reason, the Almighty says: {Deaf} to hearing the truth, {dumb} to speaking it, and {blind} to seeing the truth. {They will not return} because they abandoned the truth after knowing it; they will not turn back to it, unlike someone who abandons the truth out of ignorance or error, for he lacks understanding and is closer to returning than they are.

ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: {أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ} يَعْنِي: أَوْ مَثَلُهُمْ كَصَيِّبٍ أَيْ كَصَاحِبِ صَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، وَهُوَ الْمَطَرُ الَّذِي يَصُوبُ أَيْ: يَنْزِلُ بِكَثْرَةٍ، {فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ} ظُلْمَةُ اللَّيْلِ، وَظُلْمَةُ السَّحَابِ وَظُلُمَاتُ الْمَطَرِ، {وَرَعْدٌ} وَهُوَ الصَّوْتُ الَّذِي يُسْمَعُ مِنَ السَّحَابِ، {وَبَرْقٌ} وَهُوَ الضَّوْءُ اللَّامِعُ الْمُشَاهَدُ مَعَ السَّحَابِ.

Then the Almighty says: {Or like a rainstorm from the sky}, meaning their likeness is like a person caught in a rainstorm—rain that pours down in abundance. {In which is darkness}—the darkness of the night, the clouds, and the rain—{and thunder}, the sound heard from the clouds, {and lightning}, the brilliant flash seen within them.

كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمُ الْبَرْقُ فِي تِلْكَ الظُّلُمَاتِ {مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا} أَيْ: وَقَفُوا.

Whenever the lightning illuminates their path in that darkness, {they walk in it, but when it darkens over them, they stand still}, meaning they stop.

فَهَكَذَا حَالُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ إِذَا سَمِعُوا الْقُرْآنَ وَأَوَامِرَهُ وَنَوَاهِيَهُ وَوَعْدَهُ وَوَعِيدَهُ جَعَلُوا أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ، وَأَعْرَضُوا عَنْ أَمْرِهِ وَنَهْيِهِ وَوَعْدِهِ وَوَعِيدِهِ فَيُرَوِّعُهُمْ وَعِيدُهُ وَتُزْعِجُهُمْ وُعُودُهُ، فَهُمْ يَعْرِضُونَ عَنْهَا غَايَةَ مَا يُمْكِنُهُمْ، وَيَكْرَهُونَهَا كَرَاهَةَ صَاحِبِ الصَّيِّبِ الَّذِي يَسْمَعُ الرَّعْدَ، وَيَجْعَلُ أَصَابِعَهُ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ خَشْيَةَ الْمَوْتِ، فَهَذَا.

Such is the state of the hypocrites. When they hear the Quran, its commands, prohibitions, promises, and warnings, they plug their fingers in their ears. They turn away from its message because its warnings terrify them and its promises disturb them. They avoid it as much as they can, loathing it just as the person in the rainstorm plugs his ears when he hears the thunder, fearing death. This is their state.

Vocabulary · المفردات (36 verbs · 84 nouns)

• اسْتَوْقَدَ — to kindle
• أَضَاءَ — to illuminate
• ذَهَبَ — to go
• تَرَكَ — to leave
• بَصُرَ — to see
• رَجَعَ — to return
• جَعَلَ — to make
• كَادَ — to be on the verge of
• خَطَفَ — to snatch
• مَشَى — to walk
• أَظْلَمَ — to become dark
• قَامَ — to stand
• شَاءَ — to will
• كَانَ — to be
• نَظَرَ — to look
• أَمِنَ — to be safe
• انْتَفَعَ — to benefit
• قَرَّ — to settle
• ظَنَّ — to think
• بَقِيَ — to remain
• حَقَنَ — to spare
• سَلِمَ — to be safe
• حَصَلَ — to occur
• هَجَمَ — to attack
• سَلَبَ — to snatch away
• عَرَفَ — to know
• عَقَلَ — to understand
• صَابَ — to pour down
• نَزَلَ — to descend
• سَمِعَ — to hear
• وَقَفَ — to stop
• أَعْرَضَ — to turn away
• رَوَّعَ — to frighten
• أَزْعَجَ — to disturb
• أَمْكَنَ — to be possible
• كَرِهَ — to dislike
• مَثَلٌ — example
• نَار — fire
• نُور — lights
• ظُلْمَة — darkness
• أَصَمُّ — deaf
• أَبْكَم — mute
• أَعْمَى — blind person
• صَيِّب — rainstorm
• سَمَاء — sky
• رَعْد — thunder
• بَرْق — lightning
• إِصْبَع — finger
• أُذُن — ear (singular)
• صَاعِقَة — thunderbolt
• حَذَر — caution
• مَوْت — death
• مُحِيط — encompassing
• كَافِر — disbeliever
• بَصَر — sight
• سَمْع — hearing
• شَيْء — things
• قَدِير — capable
• مُطَابِق — matching
• حَاجَةٌ — need
• شَدِيد — intense
• غَيْر — other
• مُعَدٌّ — prepared
• مَحَلٌّ — place
• مَخَافَة — dangers
• قَادِر — capable
• سُرُور — joy
• مُحْرِقٌ — burning
• إِشْرَاق — illumination
• إِحْرَاق — burning
• مُتَعَدِّد — multiple
• لَيْل — night
• سَحَابٌ — cloud
• مَطَر — rain
• حَاصِل — result; product; what is obtained
• حَال — state
• مَوْصُوف — described
• مُنَافِق — hypocrite
• إِيمَان — faith
• مُؤْمِن — believer
• صِفَة — attribute, quality, characteristic
• دَم — blood
• مَال — wealth
• نَوْع — type
• أَمْن — security
• دُنْيَا — world
• انْتِفَاعٌ — benefit
• هَمٌّ — worry
• غَمٌّ — grief
• عَذَاب — punishment
• قَبْر — grave
• كُفْرٌ — disbelief
• نِفَاق — hypocrisy
• مَعْصِيَة — sin
• اخْتِلَافٌ — difference
• قَرَار — abode
• سَمَاعٌ — hearing
• خَيْر — good
• نُطْق — speech
• رُؤْيَة — vision
• حَقٌّ — truth
• خِلَاف — contrary
• جَهْل — ignorance
• ضَلَال — misguidance
• أَقْرَب — closer
• رُجُوع — return
• صَاحِب — owner
• كَثْرَة — abundance
• صَوْت — sound
• ضَوْء — light
• لَامِع — shining
• مُشَاهَد — witnessed
• قُرْآن — Quran
• أَمْر — command
• نَهْي — prohibition
• وَعْد — promise
• وَعِيد — threat
• غَايَة — utmost
• كَرَاهَة — dislike
• خَشْيَة — fear