Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 11

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فَمِنْ لُطْفِ اللَّهِ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ جَلَا أَحْوَالَهُمْ وَوَصَفَهُمْ بِأَوْصَافٍ يَتَمَيَّزُونَ بِهَا لِئَلَّا يَغْتَرَّ بِهِمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ, وَلِيَنْقَمِعُوا أَيْضًا عَنْ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ فُجُورِهِمْ

It is a kindness of Allah to the believers that He revealed the true state of these people and described their characteristics so that the believers would not be deceived by them, and so that the hypocrites themselves might be restrained from much of their wickedness.

قَالَ تَعَالَى: {يَحْذَرُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ أَنْ تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُورَةٌ تُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ}

Allah Almighty says: {The hypocrites are apprehensive lest a surah be revealed about them, informing them of what is in their hearts}.

فَوَصَفَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَصْلِ النِّفَاقِ فَقَالَ: {وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ}

Allah described them by the root of hypocrisy, saying: {Of the people are some who say, 'We believe in Allah and the Last Day,' but they are not believers.}

فَإِنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ مَا لَيْسَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ، فَأَكْذَبَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِقَوْلِهِ: {وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ}

They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts, so Allah exposed their lie with His words: {But they are not believers.}

لِأَنَّ الْإِيمَانَ الْحَقِيقِيَّ, مَا تَوَاطَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَلْبُ وَاللِّسَانُ, وَإِنَّمَا هَذَا مُخَادَعَةٌ لِلَّهِ وَلِعِبَادِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.

True faith is what the heart and tongue agree upon; this behavior is merely a deception toward Allah and His believing servants.

وَالْمُخَادَعَةُ: أَنْ يُظْهِرَ الْمُخَادِعُ لِمَنْ يُخَادِعُهُ شَيْئًا, وَيُبْطِنَ خِلَافَهُ لِكَيْ يَتَمَكَّنَ مِنْ مَقْصُودِهِ مِمَّنْ يُخَادِعُ،

Deception is when a deceiver shows someone one thing while concealing the opposite, in order to achieve a goal at that person's expense.

فَهَؤُلَاءِ الْمُنَافِقُونَ سَلَكُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ وَعِبَادِهِ هَذَا الْمَسْلَكَ, فَعَادَ خِدَاعُهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ،

These hypocrites followed this path with Allah and His servants, yet their deception recoiled upon themselves.

فَإِنَّ هَذَا مِنَ الْعَجَائِبِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُخَادِعَ إِمَّا أَنْ يُنْتِجَ خِدَاعُهُ وَيَحْصُلَ لَهُ مَا يُرِيدُ أَوْ يَسْلَمَ, لَا لَهُ وَلَا عَلَيْهِ

This is one of the wonders of the situation, for a deceiver usually either succeeds in his scheme and gets what he wants, or at the very least remains safe, neither gaining nor losing.

وَهَؤُلَاءِ عَادَ خِدَاعُهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ, وَكَأَنَّهُمْ يَعْمَلُونَ مَا يَعْمَلُونَ مِنَ الْمَكْرِ لِإِهْلَاكِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَإِضْرَارِهَا وَكَيْدِهَا؛

In this case, their deception returned upon them, as if they were plotting only to destroy, harm, and entrap themselves.

لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَا يَتَضَرَّرُ بِخِدَاعِهِمْ شَيْئًا وَعِبَادُهُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ كَيْدُهُمْ شَيْئًا،

Allah the Almighty is not harmed by their deception at all, and His believing servants are not harmed by their schemes.

فَلَا يَضُرُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ أَظْهَرَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ الْإِيمَانَ, فَسَلِمَتْ بِذَلِكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَحُقِنَتْ دِمَاؤُهُمْ, وَصَارَ كَيْدُهُمْ فِي نُحُورِهِمْ,

It does not harm the believers that the hypocrites feigned faith, for by doing so, their wealth was saved and their blood was spared, while the hypocrites' own schemes turned against them.

وَحَصَلَ لَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ الْخِزْيُ وَالْفَضِيحَةُ فِي الدُّنْيَا, وَالْحُزْنُ الْمُسْتَمِرُّ بِسَبَبِ مَا يَحْصُلُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنَ الْقُوَّةِ وَالنُّصْرَةِ.

They earned disgrace and scandal in this world, along with constant misery over the strength and victory the believers enjoy.

ثُمَّ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ الْأَلِيمُ الْمُوجِعُ الْمُفْجِعُ بِسَبَبِ كَذِبِهِمْ وَكُفْرِهِمْ وَفُجُورِهِمْ, وَالْحَالُ أَنَّهُمْ لِجَهْلِهِمْ وَحَمَاقَتِهِمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ بِذَلِكَ.

In the Hereafter, they face a painful, agonizing, and distressing punishment because of their lying, disbelief, and wickedness, though their own ignorance and foolishness prevent them from realizing it.

وَقَوْلُهُ: {فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ} وَالْمُرَادُ بِالْمَرَضِ هُنَا مَرَضُ الشَّكِّ وَالشُّبُهَاتِ وَالنِّفَاقِ،

Regarding the phrase, {In their hearts is a disease}, the intended meaning here is the disease of doubt, suspicion, and hypocrisy.

لِأَنَّ الْقَلْبَ يَعْرِضُ لَهُ مَرَضَانِ يُخْرِجَانِهِ عَنْ صِحَّتِهِ وَاعْتِدَالِهِ مَرَضُ الشُّبُهَاتِ الْبَاطِلَةِ وَمَرَضُ الشَّهَوَاتِ الْمُرْدِيَةِ،

The heart is afflicted by two types of disease that strip it of its health and balance: the disease of false suspicion and the disease of ruinous desire.

فَالْكُفْرُ وَالنِّفَاقُ وَالشُّكُوكُ وَالْبِدَعُ كُلُّهَا مِنْ مَرَضِ الشُّبُهَاتِ وَالزِّنَا وَمَحَبَّةُ الْفَوَاحِشِ وَالْمَعَاصِي وَفِعْلُهَا مِنْ مَرَضِ الشَّهَوَاتِ،

Disbelief, hypocrisy, doubt, and innovation all stem from the disease of suspicion, while adultery, the love of immorality, and the commission of sins stem from the disease of desire.

كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: {فَيَطْمَعَ الَّذِي فِي قَلْبِهِ مَرَضٌ} وَهِيَ شَهْوَةُ الزِّنَا

As the Almighty said: {Lest he in whose heart is a disease should covet}, referring here to the desire for adultery.

وَالْمُعَافَى مَنْ عُوفِيَ مِنْ هَذَيْنِ الْمَرَضَيْنِ, فَحَصَلَ لَهُ الْيَقِينُ وَالْإِيمَانُ وَالصَّبْرُ عَنْ كُلِّ مَعْصِيَةٍ فَرَفَلَ فِي أَثْوَابِ الْعَافِيَةِ.

The healthy person is the one who is cured of these two diseases, attaining certainty, faith, and the patience to resist every sin, walking in the garments of well-being.

وَفِي قَوْلِهِ عَنِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ: {فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ فَزَادَهُمُ اللَّهُ مَرَضًا} بَيَانٌ لِحِكْمَتِهِ تَعَالَى فِي تَقْدِيرِ الْمَعَاصِي عَلَى الْعَاصِينَ,

His statement about the hypocrites, {In their hearts is a disease, so Allah has increased their disease}, explains His wisdom in decreeing sins upon the sinful.

وَأَنَّهُ بِسَبَبِ ذُنُوبِهِمُ السَّابِقَةِ يَبْتَلِيهِمْ بِالْمَعَاصِي اللَّاحِقَةِ الْمُوجِبَةِ لِعُقُوبَاتِهَا

Because of their previous sins, He tests them with subsequent sins that carry their own punishments.

كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَنُقَلِّبُ أَفْئِدَتَهُمْ وَأَبْصَارَهُمْ كَمَا لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ}

As the Almighty said: {And We will turn their hearts and their eyes just as they refused to believe in it the first time.}

وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا أَزَاغَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ}

Allah Almighty also said: {So when they deviated, Allah caused their hearts to deviate.}

وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ فَزَادَتْهُمْ رِجْسًا إِلَى رِجْسِهِمْ}

But as for those in whose hearts is disease, it has [only] increased them in evil [in addition] to their evil. And they will have died while they are disbelievers.

فَعُقُوبَةُ الْمَعْصِيَةِ, الْمَعْصِيَةُ بَعْدَهَا, كَمَا أَنَّ مِنْ ثَوَابِ الْحَسَنَةِ الْحَسَنَةَ بَعْدَهَا

The punishment for a sin is the sin that follows it, just as the reward for a good deed is the good deed that follows it.

قَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَيَزِيدُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْا هُدًى}

Allah Almighty said: {And Allah increases those who were guided, in guidance.} And when it is said to them, "Do not cause corruption on the earth," they say, "We are only reformers." Unquestionably, it is they who are the corrupters, but they perceive it not. ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (36 verbs · 77 nouns)

• جَلَا — to reveal
• وَصَفَ — to describe
• تَمَيَّزَ — to be distinguished
• اِغْتَرَّ — to be deceived
• اِنْقَمَعَ — to be restrained
• قَالَ — to say
• حَذِرَ — to beware
• نَزَّلَ — to send down
• أَنْبَأَ — to inform
• آمَنَ — to believe
• كَذَبَ — to prove false
• تَوَاطَأَ — to agree
• أَظْهَرَ — to show
• أَبْطَنَ — to conceal
• تَمَكَّنَ — to be able
• سَلَكَ — to follow
• عَادَ — to return
• أَنْتَجَ — to produce
• حَصَلَ — to happen
• أَرَادَ — to want
• سَلِمَ — to be safe
• عَمِلَ — to do
• تَضَرَّرَ — to be harmed
• ضَرَّ — to harm
• حَقَنَ — to spare
• شَعَرَ — to feel
• عَرَضَ — to occur
• أَخْرَجَ — to take out
• فَعَلَ — to do
• طَمِعَ — to covet
• عَافَى — to heal
• رَفَلَ — to walk proudly
• ابْتَلَى — to test
• قَلَّبَ — to turn over
• زَاغَ — to deviate
• اهْتَدَى — to be guided
• لُطْف — kindness
• مُؤْمِن — believer
• حَال — state
• وَصْف — description
• كَثِير — many
• فُجُور — wickedness
• مُنَافِق — hypocrite
• سُورَة — chapter (of Quran)
• قَلْب — heart
• نِفَاق — hypocrisy
• نَاس — people
• يَوْم — day
• آخِر — last
• لِسَان — tongue
• إِيمَان — faith
• حَقِيقِيّ — real; true; genuine (adjective)
• مُخَادَعَة — deception
• مُخَادِع — deceiver
• خِلَاف — contrary
• مَقْصُود — goal
• مَسْلَك — path
• خِدَاع — deceit
• نَفْس — self
• عَجِيبَة — a wonder; a marvel
• مَكْر — cunning
• إِهْلَاك — destruction
• إِضْرَار — harm
• كَيْد — plot
• مَال — wealth
• دَم — blood
• خِزْي — disgrace
• فَضِيحَة — scandal
• دُنْيَا — world
• حُزْن — sadness
• مُسْتَمِرّ — continuous
• قُوَّة — strength
• نُصْرَة — victory
• آخِرَة — hereafter
• عَذَاب — punishment
• أَلِيم — painful
• مُوجِع — aching
• مُفْجِع — distressing
• جَهْل — ignorance
• حَمَاقَة — foolishness
• مَرَض — disease
• مُرَاد — intended meaning
• شَكّ — doubt
• شُبْهَة — suspicion
• صِحَّة — health
• اعْتِدَال — moderation
• بَاطِل — false
• شَهْوَة — desire
• مُرْدِيَة — ruinous
• كُفْر — disbelief
• بِدْعَة — innovation
• زِنَا — adultery
• مَحَبَّة — love
• فَاحِشَة — immorality
• مَعْصِيَة — sin
• يَقِين — certainty
• صَبْر — patience
• ثَوْب — garment
• عَافِيَة — well-being
• بَيَان — explanation
• حِكْمَة — wisdom
• تَقْدِير — decree
• عَاص — sinner
• ذَنْب — sin; fault; transgression
• سَابِق — previous
• لَاحِق — subsequent
• مُوجِب — causing
• عُقُوبَة — punishment
• فُؤَاد — heart
• بَصَر — sight
• رِجْس — filth
• ثَوَاب — reward
• حَسَنَة — good deed