Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 1021

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Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان), page 1021 — original page scan

Arabic text · النص

وَتُعَزِّرُوهُ وَتُوَقِّرُوهُ وَتُسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا} {وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَئِنْ أَمَرْتَهُمْ لَيَخْرُجُنَّ قُلْ لَا تُقْسِمُوا طَاعَةٌ مَعْرُوفَةٌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ * قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ مَا حُمِّلَ وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ وَإِنْ تُطِيعُوهُ تَهْتَدُوا وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ} يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى عَنْ حَالَةِ الْمُتَخَلِّفِينَ عَنِ الرَّسُولِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي الْجِهَادِ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَمِنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ وَضَعْفُ إِيمَانٍ أَنَّهُمْ يُقْسِمُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَئِنْ أَمَرْتَهُمْ فِيمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ، أَوْ لَئِنْ نَصَصْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ حِينَ خَرَجْتَ لَيَخْرُجُنَّ وَالْمَعْنَى الْأَوَّلُ أَوْلَى. قَالَ اللَّهُ - رَادًّا عَلَيْهِمْ: {قُلْ لَا تُقْسِمُوا} أَيْ: لَا نَحْتَاجُ إِلَى إِقْسَامِكُمْ وَلَا إِلَى أَعْذَارِكُمْ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ نَبَّأَنَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ، وَطَاعَتُكُمْ مَعْرُوفَةٌ، لَا تَخْفَى عَلَيْنَا، قَدْ كُنَّا نَعْرِفُ مِنْكُمُ التَّثَاقُلَ وَالْكَسَلَ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ فَلَا وَجْهَ لِعُذْرِكُمْ وَقَسَمِكُمْ، إِنَّمَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ مَنْ كَانَ أَمْرُهُ مُحْتَمَلًا، وَحَالُهُ مُشْتَبِهَةٌ، فَهَذَا رُبَّمَا يُفِيدُهُ الْعُذْرُ بَرَاءَةً، وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَكَلَّا وَلَمَّا وَإِنَّمَا يُنْتَظَرُ بِكُمْ وَيُخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ حُلُولُ بَأْسِ اللَّهِ وَنِقْمَتِهِ، وَلِهَذَا تَوَعَّدَهُمْ بِقَوْلِهِ: {إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ} فَيُجَازِيكُمْ عَلَيْهَا أَتَمَّ الْجَزَاءِ، هَذِهِ حَالُهُمْ فِي نَفْسِ الْأَمْرِ، وَأَمَّا الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، فَوَظِيفَتُهُ أَنْ يَأْمُرَكُمْ وَيَنْهَاكُمْ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ: {قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ فَإِنْ امْتَثَلُوا، كَانَ حَظُّكُمْ وَسَعَادَتُكُمْ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ مَا حُمِّلَ مِنَ الرِّسَالَةِ، وَقَدْ أَدَّاهَا. وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ مِنَ الطَّاعَةِ، وَقَدْ بَانَتْ حَالُكُمْ وَظَهَرَتْ فَبَانَ ضَلَالُكُمْ وَغَيُّكُمْ وَاسْتِحْقَاقُكُمُ الْعَذَابَ. {وَإِنْ تُطِيعُوهُ تَهْتَدُوا إِلَى الصِّرَاطِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ، قَوْلًا وَعَمَلًا فَلَا سَبِيلَ لَكُمْ إِلَى الْهِدَايَةِ إِلَّا بِطَاعَتِهِ، وَبِدُونِ ذَلِكَ، لَا يُمْكِنُ، بَلْ هُوَ مُحَالٌ {وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ} أَيْ: تَبْلِيغُكُمُ الْبَيِّنُ الَّذِي لَا يُبْقِي لِأَحَدٍ شَكًّا وَلَا شُبْهَةً، وَقَدْ فَعَلَ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَلَّغَ الْبَلَاغَ الْمُبِينَ، وَإِنَّمَا الَّذِي يُحَاسِبُكُمْ وَيُجَازِيكُمْ هُوَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، فَالرَّسُولُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ، وَقَدْ قَامَ بِوَظِيفَتِهِ. {وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضَى لَهُمْ وَلَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْنَا يَعْبُدُونَنِي لَا يُشْرِكُونَ بِي شَيْئًا وَمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ}. هَذَا مِنْ أَوْعَادِهِ الصَّادِقَةِ الَّتِي شُهِدَ تَأْوِيلُهَا وَمَخْبَرُهَا، فَإِنَّهُ وَعَدَ مَنْ قَامَ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَالْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ مِنْ هَذِهِ

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَتُعَزِّرُوهُ وَتُوَقِّرُوهُ وَتُسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا}
(from previous page) ⟵ And when He mentioned the virtue of obedience in judgment specifically, He then mentioned its virtue generally, in all circumstances, saying: "And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger" – by believing their news and fulfilling their commands – "and fears Allah" – meaning, fears Him with a fear coupled with knowledge, so he abandons what He has forbidden and restrains himself from what he desires. For this reason, He said: "and is mindful of Him" by abandoning what is prohibited, because when taqwa (mindfulness/piety) is mentioned absolutely, it includes performing what is commanded and abandoning what is forbidden. But when it is coupled with righteousness or obedience – as in this context – it is interpreted as guarding against Allah's punishment by abandoning His disobedience. "Then those" who combine obedience to Allah and obedience to His Messenger, and the fear of Allah and His mindfulness, "they are the successful ones" by their salvation from punishment for abandoning its causes, and their attainment of reward for performing its causes. So success is confined to them. As for whoever is not characterized by their description, he will miss out on success in proportion to how much he fell short of these praiseworthy descriptions. This verse included the right shared between Allah and His Messenger, which is obedience that necessitates faith, and the right exclusive to Allah, which is fear and taqwa. The third right, exclusive to the Messenger, remained, which is honoring and revering him, just as the three rights were combined in Surah Al-Fath in His saying: "That you may believe in Allah and His Messenger, and honor him and revere him, and glorify Him morning and evening."
{وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَئِنْ أَمَرْتَهُمْ لَيَخْرُجُنَّ قُلْ لَا تُقْسِمُوا طَاعَةٌ مَعْرُوفَةٌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ * قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ مَا حُمِّلَ وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ وَإِنْ تُطِيعُوهُ تَهْتَدُوا وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ}
They swore by Allah their strongest oaths that if you ordered them, they would go forth. Say, "Do not swear. Your obedience is a known matter. Indeed, Allah is acquainted with what you do." Say, "Obey Allah and obey the Messenger; but if you turn away, then he is only responsible for what he has been charged with, and you are responsible for what you have been charged with. If you obey him, you will be guided. The Messenger is only responsible for clear notification."
يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى عَنْ حَالَةِ الْمُتَخَلِّفِينَ عَنِ الرَّسُولِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي الْجِهَادِ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَمِنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ وَضَعْفُ إِيمَانٍ أَنَّهُمْ يُقْسِمُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَئِنْ أَمَرْتَهُمْ فِيمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ، أَوْ لَئِنْ نَصَصْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ حِينَ خَرَجْتَ لَيَخْرُجُنَّ وَالْمَعْنَى الْأَوَّلُ أَوْلَى.
The Almighty informs us about the state of those among the hypocrites and those with diseased hearts and weak faith who lagged behind the Messenger (peace be upon him) in Jihad. They swear by Allah that if you were to command them in the future, or if you were to single them out when you set forth, they would surely go out; the first interpretation is more likely.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (45 verbs · 64 nouns)