Syrian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 8 — Page 8

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

قَوَاعِدُ النَّحْوِ.

Grammar rules.

الأَفْعَالُ الْمُتَعَدِّيَةُ إِلَى مَفْعُولَيْنِ أَصْلُهُمَا مُبْتَدَأٌ وَخَبَرٌ.

Verbs that take two objects that originally functioned as a subject and a predicate.

مَوْطِنِي: الشَّمْسُ وَجَدَتْ إِشْرَاقَكَ مَصْدَرَ أَشِعَّتِهَا، وَالنُّجُومُ أَلْفَتْ بَرِيقَهَا انْعِكَاساً لِنُورِكَ الْبَهِيِّ، وَالْيَنَابِيعُ الَّتِي صَيَّرْتَ هَمْسَهَا أَلْحَاناً عَذْبَةً رَأَتْكَ أَكْرَمَ الْجَمِيعِ.

My homeland: The sun found your radiance to be the source of its rays, the stars found their sparkle to be a reflection of your magnificent light, and the springs whose whispers you turned into sweet melodies saw you as the most noble of all.

إِلَيْكَ انْتِمَاؤُنَا، وَبِكَ فَخْرُنَا، فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَزْعُمَ حُبَّكَ فَانِياً، أَوْ يَظُنَّ أَرْوَاحَنَا صَابِرَةً عَنْ هَوَاكَ، أَوْ يَحْسَبَنَا مُقَصِّرِينَ فِي الذَّوْدِ عَنْكَ؛ بَلْ إِنَّنَا لَنَتْرُكُ دِمَاءَنَا عِطْراً لِتُرَابِكَ الطَّاهِرِ.

To you is our belonging, and in you is our pride. No one may claim your love is fleeting, or think our souls could endure without your affection, or consider us negligent in defending you; rather, we would offer our blood as perfume for your pure soil.

رَعَاكَ اللَّهُ، وَحَمَاكَ... مَوْطِنِي!

May God watch over you and protect you... my homeland!

أَقْرَأُ الأَمْثِلَةَ الآتِيَةَ، ثُمَّ أُعَاوِنُ زُمَلَائِي عَلَى تَنْفِيذِ النَّشَاطِ:

Read the following examples, then assist your colleagues in carrying out the activity:

(أ) وَجَدَتِ الشَّمْسُ إِشْرَاقَكَ مَصْدَرَ أَشِعَّتِهَا.

(A) The sun found your radiance to be the source of its rays.

أَلْفَتِ النُّجُومُ بَرِيقَهَا انْعِكَاساً لِنُورِكَ الْبَهِيِّ.

The stars found their sparkle to be a reflection of your magnificent light.

رَأَتِ الْيَنَابِيعُ الْوَطَنَ أَكْرَمَ الْجَمِيعِ.

The springs saw the homeland as the most noble of all.

(ب) لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَزْعُمَ حُبَّكَ فَانِياً.

(B) No one may claim your love is fleeting.

لَا يَظُنُّ أَحَدٌ أَرْوَاحَنَا صَابِرَةً عَنْ هَوَاكَ.

No one thinks our souls are patient without your affection.

لَا يَحْسَبُنَا أَحَدٌ مُقَصِّرِينَ فِي الذَّوْدِ عَنْكَ.

No one considers us negligent in defending you.

أَدُلُّ عَلَى الأَفْعَالِ فِي الْجُمَلِ السَّابِقَةِ، وَأُبَيِّنُ نَوْعَهَا حَيْثُ اللُّزُومُ وَالتَّعَدِّي.

Identify the verbs in the previous sentences and explain their type in terms of transitivity.

أُلاحِظُ أَنَّ كُلّاً مِنْ هَذِهِ الأَفْعَالِ نَصَبَ مَفْعُولَيْنِ، أَدُلُّ عَلَى مَفْعُولَيْ كُلٍّ مِنْهَا.

Observe that each of these verbs takes two objects; identify the two objects for each.

أَتَذَكَّرُ: الْفِعْلُ اللَّازِمُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَكْتَفِي بِفَاعِلِهِ وَلَا يَأْخُذُ مَفْعُولاً بِهِ.

Remember: An intransitive verb is one that is satisfied with its subject and does not take an object.

الْفِعْلُ الْمُتَعَدِّي: هُوَ الَّذِي لَا يَكْتَفِي بِفَاعِلِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ مَفْعُولاً بِهِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ.

A transitive verb is one that is not satisfied with its subject and takes one or more objects.

أُلاحِظُ أَنَّ الأَفْعَالَ فِي الْقَائِمَةِ (أ) دَلَّتْ عَلَى تَأْكِيدِ وُقُوعِ الْحَدَثِ، أَخْتَارُ اسْمَهَا مِمَّا بَيْنَ الْقَوْسَيْنِ: (أَفْعَالُ الْيَقِينِ - أَفْعَالُ الظَّنِّ).

Observe that the verbs in list (A) indicate certainty that an event occurred; choose their classification from the parentheses: (Verbs of Certainty - Verbs of Conjecture).

أُلاحِظُ أَنَّ الأَفْعَالَ فِي الْقَائِمَةِ (ب) دَلَّتْ عَلَى رُجْحَانِ وُقُوعِ الْحَدَثِ، أَخْتَارُ اسْمَهَا مِمَّا بَيْنَ الْقَوْسَيْنِ: (أَفْعَالُ الْيَقِينِ - أَفْعَالُ الظَّنِّ).

Observe that the verbs in list (B) indicate the probability that an event occurred; choose their classification from the parentheses: (Verbs of Certainty - Verbs of Conjecture).

الأَفْعَالُ: عَلِمَ - وَجَدَ - أَلْفَى - دَرَى - رَأَى (الْقَلْبِيَّةُ) - تَعَلَّمْ تَنْصِبُ مَفْعُولَيْنِ، وَتُفِيدُ تَأْكِيدَ وُقُوعِ الْحَدَثِ، وَتُسَمَّى أَفْعَالَ الْيَقِينِ.

The verbs: 'alima (to know), wajada (to find), alfa (to find), dara (to know), ra'a (to see - mental), and ta'allam (to know) take two objects, indicate certainty that an event occurred, and are called verbs of certainty.

الأَفْعَالُ: ظَنَّ - حَسِبَ - خَالَ - زَعَمَ - حَجَا - عَدَّ - هَبْ تَنْصِبُ مَفْعُولَيْنِ، وَتُفِيدُ رُجْحَانَ وُقُوعِ الْحَدَثِ، وَتُسَمَّى أَفْعَالَ الظَّنِّ.

The verbs: zanna (to think), hasiba (to consider), khala (to imagine), za'ama (to claim), haja (to think), 'adda (to consider), and hab (to suppose) take two objects, indicate the probability that an event occurred, and are called verbs of conjecture.

رَأَى الْقَلْبِيَّةُ: هِيَ الَّتِي تَكُونُ بِمَعْنَى عَلِمَ أَوْ تَيَقَّنَ.

Mental 'ra'a': This is used in the sense of 'to know' or 'to be certain'.

تَعَلَّمْ: فِعْلٌ جَامِدٌ عَلَى صِيغَةِ الأَمْرِ بِمَعْنَى اعْلَمْ.

'Ta'allam': A fixed verb in the imperative form meaning 'know'.

هَبْ: فِعْلٌ جَامِدٌ عَلَى صِيغَةِ الأَمْرِ بِمَعْنَى ظُنَّ.

'Hab': A fixed verb in the imperative form meaning 'suppose'.

Vocabulary · المفردات (27 verbs · 65 nouns)

• وَجَدَ — to find
• أَلْفَى — to find
• صَيَّرَ — to make/transform
• رَأَى — to see
• زَعَمَ — to claim
• ظَنَّ — to think/suppose
• حَسِبَ — to reckon
• تَرَكَ — to leave
• رَعَى — to protect/guard
• حَمَى — to protect
• قَرَأَ — to read
• عَاوَنَ — to assist
• نَفَّذَ — to execute
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• اكْتَفَى — to suffice
• أَخَذَ — to take
• نَصَبَ — to set/install
• أَفَادَ — to benefit/indicate
• اخْتَارَ — to choose
• عَلِمَ — to know
• دَرَى — to know
• تَعَلَّمَ — to learn
• خَالَ — to imagine
• حَجَا — to think/suppose
• عَدَّ — to count/consider
• وَهَبَ — to grant/suppose
• قَاعِدَة — rule
• نَحْو — grammar
• فِعْل — Form I (verb pattern)
• مَفْعُول — object
• أَصْل — origin
• مُبْتَدَأ — subject
• خَبَر — predicate
• مَوْطِن — homeland; native country; dwelling place
• شَمْس — sun
• إِشْرَاق — radiance
• مَصْدَر — source
• أَشِعَّة — rays
• نَجْم — star
• بَرِيق — glitter
• انْعِكَاس — reflection
• نُور — light
• بَهِيّ — splendid
• يَنْبُوع — spring
• هَمْس — whisper
• لَحْن — melody
• عَذْب — sweet
• كَرِيم — generous
• جَمِيع — all
• انْتِمَاء — belonging
• فَخْر — pride
• أَحَد — someone
• حُبّ — love
• فَانٍ — perishing
• رُوح — soul
• صَابِر — patient
• هَوَى — passion
• مُقَصِّر — negligent
• ذَوْد — defense
• دَم — blood
• عِطْر — perfume
• تُرَاب — soil
• طَاهِر — pure
• أَمْثِلَة — examples
• آتِي — following
• زَمِيل — colleague
• تَنْفِيذ — execution
• نَشَاط — activity
• وَطَن — homeland
• سَابِق — previous
• نَوْع — type
• لُزُوم — necessity/intransitivity
• تَعَدِّي — transitivity
• لَازِم — intransitive, necessary
• فَاعِل — subject
• أَكْثَر — more
• قَائِمَة — list
• تَأْكِيد — confirmation
• وُقُوع — occurrence
• حَدَث — event
• اسْم — name
• قَوْس — bracket
• يَقِين — certainty
• ظَنّ — supposition
• رُجْحَان — preponderance
• قَلْبِيّ — mental/heart-related
• جَامِد — frozen
• صِيغَة — form
• أَمْر — imperative
• مُتَعَدِّيَة — a transitive verb (feminine); one that transgresses (feminine)
• أَكْرَم — more generous