Syrian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 7, Semester 2 — Page 10

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ: الْمُجَرَّدُ وَالْمَزِيدُ.

Grammar Rules: Simple (Mujarrad) and Augmented (Mazid) Verbs.

أَقْرَأُ الْأَمْثِلَةَ الْآتِيَةَ، ثُمَّ أَعْمَلُ مَعَ زُمَلَائِي عَلَى تَنْفِيذِ النَّشَاطِ:

Read the following examples, then work with your classmates to complete the activity:

أ. رَفَعَ الْبَطَلُ عَلَمَ الْبِلَادِ.

A. The hero raised the country's flag.

طَمْأَنَ الْبَطَلُ قَلْبَ أُمِّهِ.

The hero reassured his mother.

زَلْزَلَ الْبَطَلُ الْأَرْضَ تَحْتَ أَقْدَامِ الْعَدُوِّ.

The hero shook the ground under the enemy's feet.

ب. ارْتَفَعَ عَلَمُ الْبِلَادِ.

B. The country's flag rose.

تَطَمْأَنَ قَلْبُ الْأُمِّ.

The mother's heart was reassured.

١. أُمَيِّزُ الْفِعْلَ الثُّلَاثِيَّ مِنَ الرُّبَاعِيِّ فِي الْقَائِمَةِ (أ)، وَأُبَيِّنُ نَوْعَ كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا وَفْقَ دَلَالَتِهِ الزَّمَنِيَّةِ.

1. Distinguish the triliteral verbs from the quadriliteral ones in list (A), and identify the type of each based on its tense.

٢. أُلَاحِظُ أَنَّ أَحْرُفَ الْفِعْلَيْنِ (رَفَعَ - طَمْأَنَ) أَصْلِيَّةٌ لَا يُمْكِنُ الِاسْتِغْنَاءُ عَنْ أَحَدِهَا لِيَبْقَى لَفْظُهُمَا وَمَعْنَاهُمَا صَحِيحًا.

2. Notice that the letters in the verbs (rafa'a - tam'ana) are root letters; none can be removed without affecting the word's pronunciation or meaning.

مَا عَدَدُ أَحْرُفِ كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا؟

How many letters are in each of them?

٣. أُلَاحِظُ أَنَّ الْفِعْلَيْنِ الْوَارِدَيْنِ فِي الْقَائِمَةِ (ب) مَزِيدَانِ، أَدُلُّ عَلَى أَحْرُفِ الزِّيَادَةِ فِي كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا.

3. Notice that the two verbs in list (B) are augmented; identify the added letters in each.

٤. أُسَمِّي الْفِعْلَ الَّذِي خَلَا مِنْ أَحْرُفِ الزِّيَادَةِ فِي الْقَائِمَةِ (أ) فِعْلًا مُجَرَّدًا، مَاذَا أُسَمِّي الْفِعْلَ الَّذِي تَضَمَّنَ حَرْفًا زَائِدًا أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْقَائِمَةِ (ب).

4. The verb in list (A) that has no added letters is called a simple (mujarrad) verb. What do you call a verb from list (B) that contains one or more added letters?

الْحَرْفُ الْأَصْلِيُّ: هُوَ الْحَرْفُ الَّذِي لَا يُمْكِنُ الِاسْتِغْنَاءُ عَنْهُ لِيَبْقَى لَفْظُ الْفِعْلِ وَمَعْنَاهُ صَحِيحًا.

Root letter: A letter that cannot be removed while keeping the verb's pronunciation and meaning intact.

الْفِعْلُ الْمُجَرَّدُ: هُوَ مَا كَانَتْ جَمِيعُ حُرُوفِهِ أَصْلِيَّةً فِي الْمَاضِي، وَهُوَ مِنْ حَيْثُ عَدَدُ أَحْرُفِهِ نَوْعَانِ: فِعْلٌ ثُلَاثِيٌّ، وَفِعْلٌ رُبَاعِيٌّ.

Simple verb (al-fi'l al-mujarrad): A verb whose letters are all root letters in the past tense. Based on the number of letters, there are two types: triliteral and quadriliteral.

الْفِعْلُ الْمَزِيدُ: هُوَ مَا زِيدَ عَلَى حُرُوفِهِ الْأَصْلِيَّةِ حَرْفٌ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ.

Augmented verb (al-fi'l al-mazid): A verb that has one or more letters added to its root letters.

التَّطْبِيقُ: ١. أَقْرَأُ الْبَيْتَيْنِ الْآتِيَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَمْلَأُ الْجَدْوَلَ بِالْمَطْلُوبِ:

Application: 1. Read the following two verses, then fill in the table as required:

قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ: بِلَادِي هَوَاهَا فِي لِسَانِي وَفِي دَمِي، يُمَجِّدُهَا قَلْبِي وَيَدْعُو لَهَا فَمِي.

The poet says: My country, its love is on my tongue and in my blood; my heart glorifies it, and my mouth prays for it.

قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ: لَوْ يَسْمَعُ الْقَوْمُ شَدْوَ الشَّاعِرِ الطَّرِبِ، غَنَّيْتُ قَوْمِي بِالْأَشْعَارِ أُطْرِبُهُمْ.

The poet says: If the people heard the song of the joyful poet, I would sing to my people with poems to delight them.

٢. أُحَوِّلُ الْأَفْعَالَ الْمُجَرَّدَةَ الْآتِيَةَ إِلَى أَفْعَالٍ مَزِيدَةٍ بِحَرْفٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ: كَتَبَ - نَظَرَ - عَرَفَ.

2. Change the following simple verbs into verbs augmented by one or more letters: kataba - nazara - 'arafa.

Vocabulary · المفردات (29 verbs · 45 nouns)

• قَرَأَ — to read
• عَمِلَ — to work
• رَفَعَ — to raise
• طَمْأَنَ — to reassure
• زَلْزَلَ — to shake
• ارْتَفَعَ — to rise
• تَطَمْأَنَ — to be reassured
• مَيَّزَ — to distinguish
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• لَاحَظَ — to observe
• اسْتَغْنَى — to dispense with
• بَقِيَ — to remain
• وَرَدَ — to arrive
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• سَمَّى — to name
• خَلَا — to be free from
• تَضَمَّنَ — to include
• زَادَ — to increase
• مَلَأَ — to fill
• قَالَ — to say
• مَجَّدَ — to glorify
• دَعَا — to call
• سَمِعَ — to hear
• غَنَّى — to sing
• أَطْرَبَ — to delight
• حَوَّلَ — to convert
• كَتَبَ — to write
• نَظَرَ — to look
• عَرَفَ — to know
• قَاعِدَةٌ — rule
• لُغَةٌ — language
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• زَمِيلٌ — colleague
• تَنْفِيذٌ — execution
• نَشَاطٌ — activity
• بَطَلٌ — hero
• عَلَمٌ — a flag; a sign; a landmark
• بَلَدٌ — country
• قَلْبٌ — heart
• أُمٌّ — mother
• أَرْضٌ — earth
• قَدَمٌ — foot
• عَدُوٌّ — enemy
• فِعْلٌ — Form I (verb pattern)
• ثُلَاثِيٌّ — trilateral
• رُبَاعِيٌّ — quadrilateral
• قَائِمَةٌ — list
• نَوْعٌ — type
• دَلَالَةٌ — indication
• زَمَنِيَّةٌ — temporal
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• أَصْلِيٌّ — original
• لَفْظٌ — pronunciation
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• صَحِيحٌ — correct, healthy (adjective)
• عَدَدٌ — number
• زِيَادَةٌ — addition
• زَائِدٌ — extra
• مَاضٍ — past
• تَطْبِيقٌ — application
• بَيْتٌ — verse
• جَدْوَلٌ — table
• مَطْلُوبٌ — requirement
• شَاعِرٌ — poet
• هَوًى — passion
• لِسَانٌ — tongue
• دَمٌ — blood
• فَمٌ — mouth
• قَوْمٌ — people
• شَدْوٌ — singing
• طَرِبٌ — joyful
• أَشْعَارٌ — poems
• مَزِيدَة — increased, augmented (feminine adjective)
• أَكْثَر — more