Syrian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 5, Semester 2 — Page 13

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

إِمْلَاءٌ: الْأَلِفُ اللَّيِّنَةُ فِي آخِرِ الْأَسْمَاءِ وَالْأَفْعَالِ.

Dictation: The soft alif at the end of nouns and verbs.

بَنَى التَّدْمُرِيُّونَ مَدِينَةَ تَدْمُرَ عَلَى طَرِيقٍ تِجَارِيَّةٍ تَرْبِطُ بَيْنَ شَرْقِ الْعَالَمِ وَغَرْبِهِ، فَنَمَا اقْتِصَادُهَا، وَسَمَا نَجْمُهَا وَازْدَهَرَتِ الْحَيَاةُ فِي رُبَاهَا وَارْتَقَى أَهْلُهَا حَتَّى حُقَّ لِكُلِّ فَتًى مِنْ فِتْيَانِهَا أَنْ يُفَاخِرَ بِانْتِمَائِهِ إِلَيْهَا، وَهَذَا تَارِيخُهَا يَحْكِي لِلدُّنْيَا حِكَايَاتِ بُطُولَاتِهَا وَأَمْجَادِهَا.

The Palmyrenes built the city of Palmyra on a trade route connecting East and West. Its economy grew, its reputation soared, life flourished in its hills, and its people thrived to the point that every young man among them could take pride in his heritage. Its history continues to tell the world stories of its heroism and glory.

أَقْرَأُ الْأَمْثِلَةَ الْآتِيَةَ، ثُمَّ أُنَفِّذُ النَّشَاطَ:

Read the following examples, then complete the activity:

بَنَى التَّدْمُرِيُّونَ مَدِينَةَ تَدْمُرَ.

The Palmyrenes built the city of Palmyra.

حُقَّ لِكُلِّ فَتًى أَنْ يُفَاخِرَ بِانْتِمَائِهِ إِلَى تَدْمُرَ.

Every young man has the right to take pride in his belonging to Palmyra.

نَمَا اقْتِصَادُ تَدْمُرَ.

Palmyra's economy grew.

ازْدَهَرَتِ الْحَيَاةُ فِي رُبَا تَدْمُرَ.

Life flourished in the hills of Palmyra.

أُلاحِظُ أَنَّ كُلّاً مِنَ الْكَلِمَاتِ الْمُلَوَّنَةِ انْتَهَتْ بِأَلِفٍ أُبَيِّنُ نَوْعَ الْأَلِفِ فِي كُلٍّ مِنْهَا مِنْ حَيْثُ الْمَقْصُورَةُ وَالْمَمْدُودَةُ.

Observe that each of the highlighted words ends in an alif; identify whether each is a maqsurah or a mamdudah alif.

أَذْكُرُ عَدَدَ أَحْرُفِ كُلٍّ مِنَ الْكَلِمَاتِ الْمُلَوَّنَةِ فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ السَّابِقَةِ، وَأُحَدِّدُ مَوْقِعَ الْأَلِفِ فِيهَا.

State the number of letters in each of the highlighted words from the previous examples and identify the position of the alif within them.

أَصُوغُ الْمُضَارِعَ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ (بَنَى)، وَأَذْكُرُ جَمْعَ كَلِمَةِ (فَتًى)، أُلاحِظُ أَنَّ أَصْلَ الْأَلِفِ فِي كُلٍّ مِنْ هَاتَيْنِ الْكَلِمَتَيْنِ يَاءٌ.

Form the present tense of the verb (bana) and provide the plural of the word (fata); notice that the root of the alif in both words is ya.

أَصُوغُ الْمُضَارِعَ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ (نَمَا)، وَأَذْكُرُ مُفْرَدَ كَلِمَةِ (رُبَا)، أُلاحِظُ أَنَّ أَصْلَ الْأَلِفِ فِي كُلٍّ مِنْ هَاتَيْنِ الْكَلِمَتَيْنِ وَاوٌ.

Form the present tense of the verb (nama) and provide the singular of the word (ruba); notice that the root of the alif in both words is waw.

أَسْتَنْتِجُ: الْأَلِفُ اللَّيِّنَةُ: هِيَ أَلِفٌ فِي آخِرِ الْكَلِمَاتِ.

Conclusion: The soft alif is an alif found at the end of words.

تُكْتَبُ الْأَلِفُ اللَّيِّنَةُ فِي آخِرِ الْكَلِمَاتِ الثُّلَاثِيَّةِ: مَمْدُودَةً (ا) إِذَا كَانَ أَصْلُهَا وَاوًا.

In three-letter words, the soft alif is written as mamdudah (ا) if its root is waw.

مَقْصُورَةً (ى) إِذَا كَانَ أَصْلُهَا يَاءً.

It is written as maqsurah (ى) if its root is ya.

أُطَبِّقُ: أَكْتُبُ كَلِمَتَيْنِ عَلَى الْأَقَلِّ تَنْتَهِي بِأَلِفٍ لَيِّنَةٍ بِمَعْنَى كُلٍّ مِنَ الْكَلِمَتَيْنِ الْآتِيَتَيْنِ: ارْتَفَعَ، سَارَ.

Application: Write at least two words ending in a soft alif that correspond to the meanings of the following: irtafa'a (rose), sara (traveled).

Vocabulary · المفردات (22 verbs · 42 nouns)

• بَنَى — to build
• رَبَطَ — to connect
• نَمَا — to grow
• سَمَا — to rise
• ازْدَهَرَ — to flourish
• ارْتَقَى — to ascend
• حَقَّ — to be deserved
• فَاخَرَ — to boast
• حَكَى — to tell
• قَرَأَ — to read
• نَفَّذَ — to execute
• لَاحَظَ — to observe
• انْتَهَى — to end
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• حَدَّدَ — to define
• صَاغَ — to formulate
• اسْتَنْتَجَ — to conclude
• كَتَبَ — to write
• طَبَّقَ — to apply
• ارْتَفَعَ — to rise
• سَارَ — to walk
• إِمْلَاءٌ — dictation
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• آخِرٌ — end
• اسْمٌ — noun
• مَدِينَةٌ — city
• طَرِيقٌ — road
• تِجَارِيٌّ — commercial
• شَرْقٌ — east
• عَالَمٌ — world, universe
• غَرْبٌ — west
• اقْتِصَادٌ — economy
• نَجْمٌ — star
• حَيَاةٌ — life
• رَبْوَةٌ — hill
• أَهْلٌ — people
• فَتًى — young man
• انْتِمَاءٌ — belonging
• تَارِيخٌ — history
• دُنْيَا — world
• حِكَايَةٌ — story
• بُطُولَةٌ — heroism
• مَجْدٌ — glory
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• آتِيٌ — following
• نَشَاطٌ — activity
• كَلِمَةٌ — a word (grammatical term)
• مُلَوَّنٌ — colored
• نَوْعٌ — type
• مَقْصُورٌ — shortened
• مَمْدُودٌ — extended
• عَدَدٌ — number
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• سَابِقٌ — previous
• مَوْقِعٌ — position
• مُضَارِعٌ — imperfect tense
• جَمْعٌ — plural
• أَصْلٌ — origin
• يَاءٌ — ya
• مُفْرَدٌ — singular
• وَاوٌ — letter waw
• ثُلَاثِيٌّ — trilateral
• أَقَلُّ — least