Syrian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10 — Page 18

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فَإِنَّكَ كَاللَّيْلِ الَّذِي هُوَ مُدْرِكِي وَإِنْ خِلْتُ أَنَّ الْمُنْتَأَى عَنْكَ وَاسِعُ

You are like the night that overtakes me, even when I think I have escaped your reach.

٤. قَدْ يَشْتَرِكُ شَطْرَا الْبَيْتِ فِي كَلِمَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ يَكُونُ بَعْضُهَا فِي الصَّدْرِ، وَبَعْضُهَا فِي الْعَجُزِ فَيُسَمَّى الْبَيْتُ (مُدَوَّراً).

4. The two hemistichs of a verse may share a single word, with part of it in the first hemistich (sadr) and part in the second (ajuz); such a verse is called 'mudawwar' (enjambed).

مِثَالٌ: قَوْلُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ حِلِّزَةَ: لَا يُقِيمُ الْعَزِيزُ بِالْبَلَدِ السَّهْـ لِ وَلَا يَنْفَعُ الذَّلِيلَ النَّجَاءُ

Example: The words of Al-Harith ibn Hilliza: 'The mighty do not remain in the flatlands, nor does fleeing benefit the lowly.'

الْإِسْرَاعُ فِي الْمَشْيِ.

Al-Naja' means hurrying in one's walk.

٥. الْقَافِيَةُ هِيَ مِنْ آخِرِ حَرْفٍ سَاكِنٍ فِي الْبَيْتِ إِلَى أَوَّلِ سَاكِنٍ يَلِيهِ مَعَ الْمُتَحَرِّكِ الَّذِي قَبْلَ هَذَا السَّاكِنِ، وَقَدْ تَكُونُ الْقَافِيَةُ كَلِمَةً أَوْ بَعْضَ كَلِمَةٍ.

5. The rhyme (qafiya) spans from the last quiescent letter in the verse to the first quiescent letter following it, including the vowel-bearing letter preceding that quiescent letter. The rhyme may consist of a whole word or part of one.

مِثَالٌ: أَتَاكَ مَقَالَةُ أَنْ قَدْ قُلْتَ سَوْفَ أَنَالُهُ وَذَلِكَ مِنْ تِلْـ قَاءِ مِثْلِكَ / رَائِعٌ / الْقَافِيَةُ

Example: 'A statement reached you that you said you would attain it, and that is from the likes of you' / 'Ra'i'un' (wonderful) / The rhyme.

بِقَوْلٍ لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأَقُولَهُ وَلَوْ كُبِّلَتْ فِي سَاعِدِي الْجَوَامِعُ / الْقَافِيَةُ

Example: 'With a statement I would never have uttered, even if shackles were bound upon my arms' / The rhyme.

٦. الرَّوِيُّ: هُوَ الْحَرْفُ الَّذِي تُبْنَى عَلَيْهِ الْقَصِيدَةُ، وَإِلَيْهِ تُنْسَبُ، فَيُقَالُ: قَصِيدَةٌ مِيمِيَّةٌ أَيْ رَوِيُّهَا الْمِيمُ، وَقَصِيدَةٌ عَيْنِيَّةٌ أَيْ رَوِيُّهَا الْعَيْنُ.

6. The Rawi: This is the letter upon which the poem is constructed and from which it takes its name. For instance, a 'Mimiyya' poem has the letter Mim as its Rawi, and an 'Ayniyya' poem has the letter Ayn.

وَأَنْتَ رَبِيعٌ يَنْعَشُ النَّاسَ سَيْبُهُ وَسَيْفٌ أُعِيرَتْهُ الْمَنِيَّةُ قَاطِعُ / الرَّوِيُّ

Example: 'You are a spring whose bounty revives the people, and a sword borrowed by death, sharp and keen' / The Rawi.

طَبِّقْ: بَيْنَ الْقَافِيَةِ وَالرَّوِيِّ وَالصَّدْرِ وَالْعَجُزِ فِي كُلٍّ مِنَ الْأَبْيَاتِ الْآتِيَةِ:

Exercise: Identify the rhyme, the Rawi, the first hemistich (sadr), and the second hemistich (ajuz) for each of the following verses:

قَالَ امْرُؤُ الْقَيْسِ: قِفَا نَبْكِ مِنْ ذِكْرَى حَبِيبٍ وَمَنْزِلِ

Imru' al-Qais said: 'Stop, let us weep at the memory of a beloved and a home.'

قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ كُلْثُومٍ: إِذَا بَلَغَ الْفِطَامَ لَنَا صَبِيٌّ تَخِرُّ لَهُ الْجَبَابِرُ سَاجِدِينَا

Amr ibn Kulthum said: 'When a boy of ours reaches weaning, the tyrants fall down prostrate before him.'

قَالَ الْأَعْشَى: وَدِّعْ هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ الرَّكْبَ مُرْتَحِلُ وَهَلْ تُطِيقُ وَدَاعاً أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ؟

Al-A'sha said: 'Bid Hurayra farewell, for the caravan is departing; and can you bear to say goodbye, O man?'

Vocabulary · المفردات (32 verbs · 60 nouns)

• أَدْرَكَ — to reach
• خَالَ — to think
• اِشْتَرَكَ — to participate
• كَانَ — to be
• سَمَّى — to name
• أَقَامَ — to reside
• نَفَعَ — to benefit
• تَلَا — to follow
• بَنَى — to build
• نَسَبَ — to attribute
• قَالَ — to say
• نَعَشَ — to revive
• أَعَارَ — to lend
• طَبَّقَ — to apply
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• وَقَفَ — to stop
• بَكَى — to cry
• بَلَغَ — to reach
• خَرَّ — to fall
• أَطَاقَ — to endure
• وَدَّعَ — to bid farewell
• وَسُعَ — to be wide
• دَوَّرَ — to make circular
• أَسْرَعَ — to hasten
• مَشَى — to walk
• أَتَى — to come
• نَالَ — to obtain
• كَبَّلَ — to shackle
• قَطَعَ — to cut
• سَجَدَ — to prostrate
• فَطَمَ — to wean
• ارْتَحَلَ — to depart
• لَيْلٌ — night
• مُنْتَأًى — distance
• وَاسِعٌ — wide
• شَطْرٌ — hemistich
• بَيْتٌ — house/verse
• كَلِمَةٌ — a word (grammatical term)
• وَاحِدٌ — one / single
• بَعْضٌ — part
• صَدْرٌ — chest/first hemistich
• عَجُزٌ — end
• مُدَوَّرٌ — circular
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• قَوْلٌ — saying, statement, utterance
• عَزِيزٌ — Mighty
• بَلَدٌ — country
• سَهْلٌ — easy/plain
• ذَلِيلٌ — humiliated (male)
• نَجَاءٌ — speed
• قَافِيَةٌ — rhyme
• آخِرٌ — end
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• سَاكِنٌ — still/consonant
• أَوَّلٌ — beginning
• مُتَحَرِّكٌ — moving/vowel
• رَوِيٌّ — rhyme scheme
• قَصِيدَةٌ — poem
• مِيمِيٌّ — related to the letter 'm'
• مِيمٌ — letter 'm'
• عَيْنِيٌّ — related to the letter 'ayn'
• عَيْنٌ — the letter ayn
• رَبِيعٌ — spring
• نَاسٌ — people
• سَيْبٌ — generosity
• سَيْفٌ — sword
• مَنِيَّةٌ — Death, fate
• قَاطِعٌ — sharp
• ذِكْرَى — memory
• حَبِيبٌ — beloved (male)
• مَنْزِلٌ — abode
• سِقْطٌ — low ground
• لِوَى — sand bend
• دُخُولٌ — entry
• حَوْمَلٌ — place name
• فِطَامٌ — weaning
• صَبِيٌّ — boy
• جَبَّارٌ — tyrant (male)
• سَاجِدٌ — prostrating
• وَدَاعٌ — farewell
• رَجُلٌ — man
• رَكْبٌ — caravan
• مُرْتَحِلٌ — departing (male)
• إِسْرَاع — hastening
• عَرُوضٌ — prosody
• ضَرْبٌ — meter/beat
• مَشْيٌ — walking
• مَقَالَةٌ — statement
• تِلْقَاءٌ — direction/front
• رَائِعٌ — wonderful
• سَاعِدٌ — forearm
• جَامِعَةٌ — shackle