Syrian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10 — Page 17

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الشَّمْسُ الْوَاضِحُ وُضُوحُهَا الْمُشْرِقُ إِشْرَاقُهَا، وَرَمْزَ بِالْحُلْكِ الْبَاغِي إِلَى الْعُدْوَانِ الصُّهْيُونِيِّ الْمُظْلِمِ إِظْلَامُ اللَّيْلِ وَالْمُضِلِّ إِضْلَالُهُ.

The sun, in all its radiant clarity, stands as a symbol of the dark aggressor—the Zionist enemy—as oppressive and misleading as the blackest night.

خِتَامًا لَا بُدَّ مِنَ التَّنْبِيهِ عَلَى أَنَّ الصُّورَةَ قَدْ تُؤَدِّي إِلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَظِيفَةٍ وَلَكِنْ لَيْسَ مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَوَفَّرَ فِيهَا الْوَظَائِفُ السَّابِقَةُ كُلُّهَا.

In conclusion, an image may serve multiple functions, though it need not possess all of the functions mentioned previously.

تَطْبِيقٌ: اشْرَحْ وَظَائِفَ الصُّورَةِ فِي الْأَبْيَاتِ الْآتِيَةِ:

Exercise: Explain the functions of the imagery in the following verses:

فَإِنَّكَ كَاللَّيْلِ الَّذِي هُوَ مُدْرِكِي وَإِنْ خِلْتُ أَنَّ الْمُنْتَأَى عَنْكَ وَاسِعُ، وَأَنْتَ رَبِيعٌ يَنْعَشُ النَّاسَ سَيْبُهُ وَسَيْفٌ أُعِيرَتْهُ الْمَنِيَّةُ قَاطِعُ.

You are like the night that overtakes me, even when I think I have escaped to a vast distance; you are a spring whose bounty revives the people, and a sword, sharp and lent by death.

الْوَجْهُ مِثْلُ الصُّبْحِ مُبْيَضٌّ وَالشَّعْرُ مِثْلُ اللَّيْلِ مُسْوَدٌّ.

The face is white like the morning, and the hair is black like the night.

عِلْمُ الْعَرُوضِ: هُوَ الْعِلْمُ الْخَاصُّ بِمَعْرِفَةِ أَوْزَانِ الشِّعْرِ وَمَا يَعْتَرِيهَا مِنْ تَغْيِيرَاتٍ وَهُوَ يُسَاعِدُ عَلَى إِقَامَةِ الْأَوْزَانِ الْمُخْتَلَّةِ وَالِانْتِبَاهِ إِلَى الْأَبْيَاتِ الَّتِي لَا يَكُونُ وَزْنُهَا مُسْتَقِيمًا.

Prosody: The study of poetic meters and the variations that affect them. It helps to correct defective meters and identify verses that lack a proper rhythm.

لِلْعَرُوضِ مُصْطَلَحَاتٌ لَا بُدَّ لِلدَّارِسِ مِنْ مَعْرِفَتِهَا لِامْتِلَاكِ مَفَاتِيحِ هَذَا الْعِلْمِ.

Prosody involves specific terminology that a student must master to unlock the secrets of this science.

تُطْلَقُ هَذِهِ التَّسْمِيَةُ عَلَى كُلِّ وَزْنٍ مِنَ الْأَوْزَانِ.

This term applies to every individual meter.

يُقْسَمُ الشِّعْرُ إِلَى أَبْيَاتٍ، وَكُلُّ بَيْتٍ مُؤَلَّفٌ مِنْ شَطْرَيْنِ مُتَوَازِنَيْنِ، وَتَنْتَهِي الْأَبْيَاتُ بِحَرْفٍ وَاحِدٍ غَالِبًا.

Poetry is divided into verses, each composed of two balanced hemistichs, and the verses often end with the same letter.

وَيُسَمَّى النِّصْفُ الْأَوَّلُ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ صَدْرًا، وَالثَّانِي عَجُزًا، وَكُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا مِصْرَاعًا.

The first half of the verse is called the sadr, the second is the ajuz, and each is known as a misra'.

أَتَانِي أَبَيْتَ اللَّعْنَ أَنَّكَ لُمْتَنِي وَتِلْكَ الَّتِي تَسْتَكُّ مِنْهَا الْمَسَامِعُ.

He came to me—may you be spared from blame—saying that you criticized me, a claim that makes the ears recoil.

الْجُزْءُ الْأَخِيرُ مِنَ الصَّدْرِ يُسَمَّى عَرُوضًا، وَالْجُزْءُ الْأَخِيرُ مِنَ الْعَجُزِ يُسَمَّى ضَرْبًا، وَمَا عَدَا الْعَرُوضَ وَالضَّرْبَ يُسَمَّى حَشْوًا.

The final part of the sadr is called the arud, the final part of the ajuz is the darb, and everything else is called the hashw.

وَاضِعُ هَذَا الْعِلْمِ هُوَ الْخَلِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْفَرَاهِيدِيُّ وَقَدِ اكْتَشَفَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ بَحْرًا وَاسْتَدْرَكَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَخْفَشُ الْأَوْسَطُ بَحْرًا آخَرَ سُمِّيَ الْمُتَدَارِكَ، فَأَصْبَحَ مَجْمُوعُهَا سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ بَحْرًا.

The founder of this science was Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi, who identified fifteen meters; Al-Akhfash Al-Awsat later added another, called al-mutadarik, bringing the total to sixteen.

Vocabulary · المفردات (22 verbs · 73 nouns)

• أَدَّى — to perform
• تَوَفَّرَ — to be available
• شَرَحَ — to explain
• قَالَ — to say
• أَدْرَكَ — to perceive
• خَالَ — to imagine
• نَعَشَ — to revive
• أَعَارَ — to lend
• قَطَعَ — to cut
• اِعْتَرَى — to affect
• سَاعَدَ — to help
• كَانَ — to be
• أَطْلَقَ — to release
• قَسَمَ — to divide
• انْتَهَى — to end
• سَمَّى — to name
• أَتَى — to come
• لَامَ — to blame
• اِسْتَكَّ — to be deafened
• اِكْتَشَفَ — to discover
• اِسْتَدْرَكَ — to append
• أَصْبَحَ — to become
• شَمْسٌ — sun
• وُضُوحٌ — clarity
• مُشْرِقٌ — bright
• إِشْرَاقٌ — brightness
• رَمْزٌ — symbol
• حُلْكٌ — darkness
• بَاغٍ — aggressor
• عُدْوَانٌ — aggression
• صُهْيُونِيٌّ — Zionist
• مُظْلِمٌ — dark
• إِظْلَامٌ — darkening
• لَيْلٌ — night
• مُضِلٌّ — one who misleads
• إِضْلَالٌ — misguidance
• خِتَامٌ — conclusion
• تَنْبِيهٌ — warning
• صُورَةٌ — copy, image
• وَظِيفَةٌ — function
• ضَرُورِيٌّ — necessary
• سَابِقٌ — previous
• تَطْبِيقٌ — application
• بَيْتٌ — verse
• آتٍ — following
• شَاعِرٌ — poet
• وَجْهٌ — face
• صُبْحٌ — morning
• مُبْيَضٌّ — whitened
• شِعْرٌ — poetry
• مُسْوَدٌّ — blackened
• عِلْمٌ — science
• عَرُوضٌ — prosody
• مُصْطَلَحٌ — term
• خَاصٌّ — special
• مَعْرِفَةٌ — knowledge
• وَزْنٌ — meter
• تَغْيِيرٌ — change
• إِقَامَةٌ — establishment
• مُخْتَلٌّ — defective
• انْتِبَاهٌ — attention
• مُسْتَقِيمٌ — straight
• عَرُوضِيٌّ — prosodic
• دَارِسٌ — student
• امْتِلَاكٌ — possession
• مِفْتَاحٌ — key
• أَهَمٌّ — most important
• بَحْرٌ — meter, sea
• تَسْمِيَةٌ — naming
• مُؤَلَّفٌ — composed
• شَطْرٌ — hemistich
• مُتَوَازِنٌ — balanced
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• وَاحِدٌ — one / single
• نِصْفٌ — half
• أَوَّلٌ — first
• صَدْرٌ — first hemistich
• ثَانٍ — second
• عَجُزٌ — second hemistich
• مِصْرَاعٌ — hemistich
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• لَعْنٌ — curse
• مَسَامِعُ — ears
• جُزْءٌ — part
• أَخِيرٌ — last
• تَفْعِيلَةٌ — meter, foot (in poetry)
• ضَرْبٌ — last foot of second hemistich
• حَشْوٌ — filler
• وَاضِعٌ — founder
• مَجْمُوعٌ — total
• سِتَّةٌ — six
• عَشَرَ — ten
• سَيْف — sword
• أَكْثَر — more
• سَيْب — generosity