Sharh Thalathat al-Usul by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح ثلاثة الأصول) — Page 18

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَمَعْرِفَةُ نَبِيِّهِ وَمَعْرِفَةُ دِينِ الإِسْلامِ.

And the knowledge of His Prophet and the knowledge of the religion of Islam.

أَيْ مَعْرِفَةُ رَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَعْرِفَةُ الَّتِي تَسْتَلْزِمُ قَبُولَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ، وَتَصْدِيقَهُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَ وَامْتِثَالَ أَمْرِهِ فِيمَا أَمَرَ، وَاجْتِنَابَ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ وَزَجَرَ، وَتَحْكِيمَ شَرِيعَتِهِ وَالرِّضَا بِحُكْمِهِ.

Meaning, the knowledge of His Messenger Muhammad, the knowledge that necessitates accepting what he brought of guidance and the religion of truth, believing him in what he informed, complying with his command in what he ordered, avoiding what he forbade and warned against, and making his Sharia the judge and being content with his judgment.

قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: ﴿فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنفُسِهِمْ حَرَجًا مِّمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا﴾.

But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you, [O Muhammad], judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves and then find within themselves no discomfort from what you have judged and submit in [full, willing] submission.

وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّمَا كَانَ قَوْلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذَا دُعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَن يَقُولُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ﴾.

The only statement of the [true] believers when they are called to Allah and His Messenger to judge between them is that they say, "We hear and we obey." And those are the successful.

وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَإِن تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِن كُنتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا﴾.

And He, the Exalted, said: 'And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result.'

وَقَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: ﴿فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَن تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾.

And He, the Almighty and Majestic, said: 'So let those who dissent from his [the Prophet's] order beware, lest fitnah (trial/tribulation) strike them or a painful punishment strike them.'

قَالَ الإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: «أَتَدْرِي مَا الْفِتْنَةُ؟ الْفِتْنَةُ الشِّرْكُ، لَعَلَّهُ إِذَا رَدَّ بَعْضَ قَوْلِهِ أَنْ يَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الزَّيْغِ فَيَهْلِكَ».

Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 'Do you know what the fitnah is? The fitnah is shirk (polytheism); perhaps if he rejects some of his words, something of deviation will fall into his heart, and he will perish.'

قَوْلُهُ مَعْرِفَةُ دِينِ الإِسْلامِ: الإِسْلامُ بِالْمَعْنَى الْعَامِّ هُوَ التَّعَبُّدُ لِلَّهِ بِمَا شَرَعَ مُنْذُ أَنْ أَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ الرُّسُلَ إِلَى أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ كَمَا ذَكَرَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ذَلِكَ فِي آيَاتٍ كَثِيرَةٍ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الشَّرَائِعَ السَّابِقَةَ كُلَّهَا إِسْلامٌ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ:

His saying 'the knowledge of the religion of Islam': Islam in the general sense is the worship of Allah through what He has legislated from the time Allah sent the Messengers until the Hour is established, as He, the Almighty and Majestic, mentioned that in many verses which indicate that all the previous laws are Islam to Allah, the Almighty and Majestic.

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: ﴿رَبَّنَا وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ لَكَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِنَا أُمَّةً مُّسْلِمَةً لَّكَ﴾.

Allah, the Exalted, said regarding Abraham: 'Our Lord, and make us Muslims [in submission] to You and from our descendants a Muslim nation [in submission] to You.'

وَالإِسْلامُ بِالْمَعْنَى الْخَاصِّ بَعْدَ بَعْثَةِ النَّبِيِّ لا يَخْتَصُّ بِمَا بُعِثَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ لأَنَّ مَا بُعِثَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ نَسَخَ جَمِيعَ الأَدْيَانِ السَّابِقَةَ فَصَارَ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ مُسْلِمًا وَمَنْ خَالَفَهُ لَيْسَ بِمُسْلِمٍ، فَأَتْبَاعُ الرُّسُلِ مُسْلِمُونَ فِي زَمَنِ رُسُلِهِمْ.

And Islam in the specific sense after the mission of the Prophet is not restricted to what Muhammad was sent with, because what the Prophet was sent with abrogated all previous religions; so whoever followed him became a Muslim, and whoever opposed him is not a Muslim, for the followers of the Messengers were Muslims during the time of their Messengers.

Vocabulary · المفردات (39 verbs · 38 nouns)

• اِسْتَلْزَمَ — to necessitate
• جَاءَ — to come
• أَخْبَرَ — to inform
• اِمْتَثَلَ — to comply
• أَمَرَ — to command
• اِجْتَنَبَ — to avoid
• نَهَى — to forbid
• زَجَرَ — to rebuke
• حَكَّمَ — to judge
• قَالَ — to say
• آمَنَ — to believe
• شَجَرَ — to dispute
• وَجَدَ — to find
• قَضَى — to decree
• سَلَّمَ — to submit
• دَعَا — to call
• سَمِعَ — to hear
• أَطَاعَ — to obey
• أَفْلَحَ — to succeed
• تَنَازَعَ — to dispute
• رَدَّ — to return
• حَذِرَ — to beware
• خَالَفَ — to oppose
• أَصَابَ — to afflict
• دَرَى — to know
• وَقَعَ — to fall
• هَلَكَ — to perish
• تَعَبَّدَ — to worship
• شَرَعَ — to legislate
• أَرْسَلَ — to send
• قَامَ — to occur
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• جَعَلَ — to make
• اِخْتَصَّ — to be specific
• بَعَثَ — to send
• نَسَخَ — to abrogate
• صَارَ — to become
• اِتَّبَعَ — to follow
• مَعْرِفَة — knowledge
• نَبِيّ — prophet
• دِين — religion
• إِسْلام — Islam
• رَسُول — messenger
• هُدَى — guidance
• حَقّ — truth
• أَمْر — command
• شَرِيعَة — law
• رِضَا — satisfaction
• حُكْم — judgment
• نَفْس — self
• حَرَج — difficulty
• قَوْل — saying
• مُؤْمِن — believer
• شَيْء — thing
• يَوْم — day
• آخِر — last
• خَيْر — good
• تَأْوِيل — interpretation
• فِتْنَة — trial
• عَذَاب — punishment
• أَلِيم — painful
• إِمَام — leader
• شِرْك — polytheism
• قَلْب — heart
• زَيْغ — deviation
• مَعْنَى — meaning
• عَامّ — general
• تَعَبُّد — worship
• سَاعَة — hour
• آيَة — verse
• كَثِير — many
• سَابِق — previous
• بَعْثَة — mission
• خَاصّ — special
• مُسْلِم — Muslim
• زَمَن — time