Sharh Riyad as-Saliheen by Ibn Uthaymeen — Volume 4 (شرح رياض الصالحين) — Page 815

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بَابُ تَحْرِيمِ انْتِسَابِ الإِنْسَانِ إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ وَتَوَلِّيهِ إِلَى غَيْرِ مَوَالِيهِ.

(from previous page) ⟵ Al-Darimi extracted it in the Book of Inheritance, Chapter on Selling Loyalty, number (3203), from the hadith of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, Chapter on the Prohibition of a Person Attributing Themselves to Other Than Their Father and Their Loyalty to Other Than Their Masters.

أَمَّا النَّسَبُ: فَإِنَّ الإِنْسَانَ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَنْتَسِبَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ: إِلَى أَبِيهِ، إِلَى جَدِّهِ، إِلَى جَدِّ أَبِيهِ... وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْتَسِبَ إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِأَبِيهِ، فَمَثَلًا: إِذَا كَانَ أَبُوهُ مِنْ قَبِيلَةٍ مَا، وَرَأَى أَنَّ فِيهَا نَقْصًا عَنْ غَيْرِهَا، فَانْتَمَى إِلَى قَبِيلَةٍ ثَانِيَةٍ أَعْلَى حَسَبًا؛ لِأَجْلِ أَنْ يُزِيلَ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ مَذَمَّةَ قَبِيلَتِهِ، فَإِذَنْ هَذَا - وَالْعِيَاذُ بِاللَّهِ - مَلْعُونٌ، عَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ، وَلَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا.

Regarding lineage, a person must attribute themselves to their own family: their father, grandfather, great-grandfather, and so on. It is forbidden to claim a father one knows is not their own. For instance, if a man belongs to a tribe he considers inferior to others and therefore claims a different, more prestigious tribe to escape the perceived stigma of his own, he is—may Allah protect us—accursed. He bears the curse of Allah, the angels, and all of mankind, and on the Day of Resurrection, Allah will accept neither his obligatory nor his voluntary deeds.

وَأَمَّا إِذَا انْتَمَى الإِنْسَانُ إِلَى جَدِّهِ، أَوْ أَبِي جَدِّهِ، وَهُوَ مَشْهُورٌ وَمَعْرُوفٌ دُونَ أَنْ يَنْتَفِيَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهَذَا، فَقَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أَنَا النَّبِيُّ لَا كَذِبْ، أَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ» مَعَ أَنَّهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَعَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ جَدُّهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فِي غَزْوَةِ حُنَيْنٍ؛ لِأَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَشْهَرُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَ قُرَيْشٍ فِي الْمَكَانَةِ الْعُلْيَا؛ فَلِهَذَا قَالَ: «أَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ» لَكِنَّهُ مِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ أَنَّهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَلَمْ يَنْتَفِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ، وَلَمْ يَرْغَبْ عَنْهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ انْتَسَبَ إِلَى جَدِّهِ لِشُهْرَتِهِ فَقَطْ.

If a person identifies with their grandfather or great-grandfather, and this is well-known without denying their father, there is no harm in it. The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said, 'I am the Prophet, this is no lie; I am the son of Abdul-Muttalib.' Although he was Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib, and Abdul-Muttalib was his grandfather, he said this during the Battle of Hunayn because Abdul-Muttalib was better known than his father, Abdullah, and held a higher status among the Quraysh. He did not disown his father or turn away from him; he simply identified with his grandfather due to his fame.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (16 verbs · 34 nouns)

• حَرَّمَ — to forbid
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• اِنْتَسَبَ — to claim descent
• بَابٌ — chapter
• تَحْرِيمٌ — prohibition
• انْتِسَابٌ — claiming descent