Sharh Riyad as-Saliheen by Ibn Uthaymeen — Volume 2 (شرح رياض الصالحين) — Page 130

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِالنَّفْسِ مِثْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ جَنَى عَلَيْهِ، أَوْ ضَرَبَهُ حَتَّى جَرَحَهُ، أَوْ قَطَعَ عُضْوًا مِنْ أَعْضَائِهِ، أَوْ قَتَلَ لَهُ قَتِيلًا، فَإِنَّهُ يَتَحَلَّلُ مِنْهُ بِأَنْ يُمَكِّنَ صَاحِبَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الْقِصَاصِ، أَوْ مِنْ بَذْلِ الدِّيَةِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنِ الْقِصَاصُ.

If the offense concerns a person—such as committing a crime against them, wounding them, severing a limb, or killing someone—the offender must seek absolution by allowing the victim to exact retribution or by offering blood money if retribution is not sought.

أَمَّا إِنْ كَانَتْ فِي الْمَالِ فَإِنَّهُ يُعْطِيهِ مَالَهُ، إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ مَالٌ لِأَحَدٍ، فَالْوَاجِبُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ صَاحِبَهُ، فَإِنْ غَابَ عَنْهُ وَلَمْ يَعْرِفْ مَكَانَهُ وَأَيِسَ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ عَنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى يَعْلَمُ وَيُؤَدِّي إِلَى صَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ حَقَّهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ مَاتَ أَيْ: صَاحِبُ الْحَقِّ، فَإِنَّهُ يُوصِلُهُ إِلَى وَرَثَتِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَالَ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ يَنْتَقِلُ إِلَى الْوَرَثَةِ، فَلَا بُدَّ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَهُ لِلْوَرَثَةِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْهُمْ بِأَنْ جَهِلَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَدْرِ عَنْهُمْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ عَنْهُمْ، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَعْلَمُهُمْ وَيُعْطِيهِمْ حَقَّهُمْ.

Regarding property, one must return it to its rightful owner. If the owner is absent, their location is unknown, and hope of finding them is lost, the property should be given as charity on their behalf; Allah will ensure the owner receives their due. If the owner has died, the property must be delivered to their heirs, as it passes to them upon death. If the heirs are unknown or cannot be found, the property should be given as charity on their behalf, and Allah will see that they receive their right.

أَمَّا إِنْ كَانَتْ فِي الْعِرْضِ مِثْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ سَبَّ شَخْصًا فِي مَجْلِسٍ أَوِ اغْتَابَهُ، فَلَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَتَحَلَّلَ مِنْهُ إِذَا كَانَ قَدْ عَلِمَ بِأَنَّهُ سَبَّهُ، فَيَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ وَيَقُولُ: أَنَا فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَفَعَلْتُ كَذَا، وَأَنَا جِئْتُكَ مُعْتَذِرًا، فَإِنْ عَذَرَهُ فَهَذَا مِنْ نِعْمَةِ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْجَمِيعِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الظَّالِمِينَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْفُ فَلْيُعْطِهِ مَالًا، لِيُسِعَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ حَتَّى يُحَلِّلَهُ، فَإِنْ أَبَى فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى إِذَا عَلِمَ أَنَّ تَوْبَةَ الظَّالِمِ تَوْبَةٌ حَقِيقِيَّةٌ، فَإِنَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى يُرْضِي الْمَظْلُومَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ.

If the offense concerns a person's honor, such as insulting or backbiting them, one must seek their absolution if the victim is aware of the offense. Go to them and say, 'I did such and such, and I have come to apologize.' If they forgive you, it is a blessing from Allah, for He says: 'But whoever pardons and makes reconciliation, his reward is due from Allah; He does not like the wrongdoers.' If they do not forgive, offer them money to satisfy them until they grant absolution. If they still refuse, know that if your repentance is sincere, Allah will satisfy the oppressed person on the Day of Resurrection.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (39 verbs · 28 nouns)

• جَنَى — to commit a crime
• ضَرَبَ — to hit
• جَرَحَ — to wound
• نَفْس — self
• عُضْو — limb
• قَتِيل — victim