Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 546

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَقَدْ أَشَرْتُ إِلَى هَذَا بِالتَّمْثِيلِ بِاغْزِى ، وَمَثَّلْتُ قَبْلَهَا بِاغْزُ ؛ لِأُنَبِّهَ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَصْلَ « اغْزُوِى » – بِالضَّمِّ – بِدَلِيلِ وُجُودِهِ إِذَا لَمْ تُوجَدْ يَاءُ الْمُخَاطَبَةِ ، وَلِهَذَا

I have illustrated this using the example 'ighzi', having previously used 'aghzu' to signal that the underlying form is 'aghzuwi'—with a damma—as evidenced by its presence when the second-person feminine pronoun is absent.

وَخَرَجَ عَنْهُ نَحْوُ قَوْلِكَ : « امْشُوا » فَإِنَّهُ يُبْتَدَأُ بِالْكَسْرِ ؛ لِأَنَّ أَصْلَهُ « امْشِيُوا » بِكَسْرِ الشِّينِ وَضَمِّ الْيَاءِ ، فَسَكَنَتِ الْيَاءُ لِلِاسْتِثْقَالِ ، ثُمَّ حُذِفَتْ لِالْتِقَاءِ السَّاكِنَيْنِ ، ثُمَّ ضُمَّتِ الشِّينُ لِتُجَانِسَ الْوَاوَ ، وَلِتَسْلَمَ مِنَ الْقَلْبِ يَاءً

Exceptions such as 'imshu' begin with a kasra because the original form was 'imshiyu', with a kasra on the shin and a damma on the ya. The ya became quiescent due to the difficulty of pronunciation, was then dropped when two quiescent letters met, and finally, the shin took a damma to harmonize with the waw and avoid turning into a ya.

مَثَّلْتُ بِهِ فِي الْأَصْلِ لِمَا يُكْسَرُ مَعَ التَّمْثِيلِ بِاضْرِبْ ؛ لِلتَّنْبِيهِ عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا مِنْ بَابٍ وَاحِدٍ

I used this as an example of forms requiring a kasra, alongside 'idrib', to show that they belong to the same category.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (23 verbs · 28 nouns)

• أَشَارَ — to point
• مَثَّلَ — to exemplify
• نَبَّهَ — to alert
• تَمْثِيل — exemplification
• أَصْل — origin
• ضَمّ — damma