Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 478

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

جَمْعَ السَّلَامَةِ ، فَقَالَ : « قَائِمَيْنِ أَبَوَاهُمَا » وَ « قَائِمِينَ آبَاؤُهُمْ » ، وَأَجَازَ الْجَمِيعُ أَنْ تُجْمَعَ الصِّفَةُ التَّكْسِيرَ ، إِذَا كَانَ الِاسْمُ الْمَرْفُوعُ جَمْعاً ، فَتَقُولُ : « مَرَرْتُ بِرِجَالٍ قِيَامٍ آبَاؤُهُمْ » وَ « بِرَجُلٍ قُعُودٍ غِلْمَانُهُ » ، وَرَأَوْا ذَلِكَ أَحْسَنَ مِنَ الْإِفْرَادِ الَّذِي هُوَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ جَمْعِ التَّصْحِيحِ.

Regarding the sound plural, he cited the examples: "qā'imayni abawāhumā" and "qā'imīna ābā'uhum." Scholars generally permit the adjective to take a broken plural form when the noun in the nominative case is a plural. Thus, you may say: "marartu birijālin qiyāmin ābā'uhum" and "birajulin quʿūdin ghilmānuhu." They considered this preferable to the singular, which in turn is better than the sound plural.

وَيَجُوزُ قَطْعُ الصِّفَةِ الْمَعْلُومٍ مَوْصُوفُهَا حَقِيقَةً أَوِ ادِّعَاءً ، رَفْعاً بِتَقْدِيرِ هُوَ ، وَنَصْباً بِتَقْدِيرِ أَعْنِي أَوْ أَمْدَحُ أَوْ أَذُمُّ أَوْ أَرْحَمُ.

You may detach an adjective if the noun it describes is already known, whether in reality or by implication. In such cases, the adjective can be in the nominative case, implying "huwa" (he/it is), or in the accusative, implying "aʿnī" (I mean), "amdaḥu" (I praise), "adhummu" (I condemn), or "arḥamu" (I pity).

إِذَا كَانَ الْمَوْصُوفُ مَعْلُوماً بِدُونِ الصِّفَةِ جَازَ لَكَ فِي الصِّفَةِ الْإِتْبَاعُ وَالْقَطْعُ.

When the noun is already identified without the adjective, you have the option of either making the adjective follow the noun's case or detaching it.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (17 verbs · 54 nouns)

• أَجَازَ — to permit
• جَمَعَ — to collect
• مَرَّ — to pass
• جَمْعٌ — collection
• سَلَامَةٌ — safety
• قَائِمٌ — standing (male)