Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 434

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ قَطْرِ النَّدَى وَبَلِّ الصَّدَى.

Sharh Qatr al-Nada wa Ball al-Sada.

الْوَعْدُ «يَتْرِبُ» حَكَاهُ فِي اللِّسَانِ بِفَتْحِ الْيَاءِ وَسُكُونِ التَّاءِ الْمُثَنَّاةِ وَفَتْحِ الرَّاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ - وَهُوَ اسْمُ مَكَانٍ بِالْيَمَامَةِ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَرْوِيهِ بِالثَّاءِ الْمُثَلَّثَةِ وَكَسْرِ الرَّاءِ، وَهُوَ الِاسْمُ الْقَدِيمُ لِمَدِينَةِ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّتِي سُمِّيَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ طَيْبَةَ، وَقَدْ صَارَ لَفْظُ «الْمَدِينَةِ» عَلَمًا بِالْغَلَبَةِ عَلَيْهَا.

The word 'Yatrib' is recorded in Al-Lisan with a fatha on the ya, a sukun on the ta, and a fatha on the ra. It refers to a location in Al-Yamama. Others narrate it with a tha and a kasra on the ra, identifying it as the ancient name of the Prophet's city—peace be upon him—which was later called Taiba. The term 'Al-Madina' eventually became the proper name for it by common usage.

الْإِعْرَابُ: «وَعَدْتُ» (فِعْلٌ وَفَاعِلٌ) وَكَانَ (الْوَاوُ وَاوُ الْحَالِ، كَانَ: فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ نَاقِصٌ، الْخُلْفُ: اسْمُهَا، «مِنْكَ» جَارٌ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ حَالٍ مِنْ سَجِيَّةٍ، لِأَنَّ نَعْتَ النَّكِرَةِ إِذَا تَقَدَّمَ عَلَيْهَا أُعْرِبَ حَالًا، «سَجِيَّةٌ» خَبَرُ كَانَ، «مَوَاعِيدُ» مَفْعُولٌ مُطْلَقٌ عَامِلُهُ وَعَدْتُ فِي أَوَّلِ الْبَيْتِ، مَنْصُوبٌ بِالْفَتْحَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، وَمَوَاعِيدُ مُضَافٌ، وَ«عُرْقُوبٍ» مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، مِنْ إِضَافَةِ الْمَصْدَرِ إِلَى فَاعِلِهِ، «أَخَاهُ» أَخَا: مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ بِالْأَلِفِ نِيَابَةً عَنِ الْفَتْحَةِ لِأَنَّهُ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ السِّتَّةِ، وَأَخَا مُضَافٌ لِمَوَاعِيدَ، مَنْصُوبٌ، وَضَمِيرُ الْغَائِبِ الْعَائِدُ إِلَى عُرْقُوبٍ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، «بِيَتْرِبَ» جَارٌ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَوَاعِيدَ.

Parsing: 'Wa'adtu' is a verb and subject. In 'wa kana', the waw denotes state, 'kana' is a defective past verb, and 'al-khulf' is its subject. 'Minka' is a prepositional phrase linked to an implied state from 'sajiyya', because an adjective preceding an indefinite noun is parsed as a state. 'Sajiyya' is the predicate of 'kana'. 'Mawa'idu' is an absolute object governed by 'wa'adtu' at the start of the verse, marked by an apparent fatha. 'Mawa'idu' is in a genitive construction with 'Urqub', representing the verbal noun added to its subject. 'Akhahu' contains 'akha', a direct object marked by alif instead of fatha because it is one of the six nouns; it is in a genitive construction with 'mawa'idu'. The pronoun refers back to 'Urqub', and 'bi-Yatrib' is a prepositional phrase linked to 'mawa'idu'.

…2 more translated lines, 16 more verbs and 97 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (19 verbs · 100 nouns)

• حَكَى — to narrate
• رَوَى — to narrate
• صَلَّى — to pray
• شَرْح — explanation
• قَطْر — drop
• نَدَى — dew