Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 404

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فَعَلُوهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ مِنْهُمْ وَالنَّصْبُ فِى الْمُنْقَطِعِ عِنْدَ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ ، وَوَجَبَ عِنْدَ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ ، نَحْوُ : مَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلَّا اتِّبَاعَ الظَّنِّ لَهُ مَا لَمْ يَتَقَدَّمْ فِيهِمَا فَالنَّصْبُ ، نَحْوُ قَوْلِهِ : وَمَا لِيَ إِلَّا آلَ أَحْمَدَ شِيعَةٌ وَمَا لِيَ إِلَّا مَذْهَبَ الْحَقِّ مَذْهَبُ أَوْ فُقِدَ التَّمَامُ فَعَلَى حَسَبِ الْعَوَامِلِ ، نَحْوُ : وَمَا أَمْرُنَا إِلَّا وَاحِدَةٌ وَيُسَمَّى مُفَرَّغاً

(from previous page) ⟵ The evidence in it is his saying 'fahlan' (a stallion), for according to al-Mubarrad, it is a tamyiz (specifier), as you have known in the parsing, and it is an emphatic; because its meaning is understood from what preceded it, and in the verse is the combination of the tamyiz with the explicit subject in the chapter of 'ni'ma' (how excellent), which is something that Sibawayh and the majority of grammarians do not permit, and according to them, the subject in the chapter of 'ni'ma' if it is an explicit noun, it suffices with it, and if it is a hidden pronoun within it, it must be specified by an indefinite noun as was previously explained in the chapter of the subject in this book, and in the issue there are two other opinions: one of them is that it is permissible to combine the subject and the tamyiz absolutely as in the verse of the evidence, and it is the opinion of Abu al-Abbas al-Mubarrad and a group, and the second of them is that if the tamyiz does not provide any meaning other than the meaning provided by the subject - as in the verse of the evidence - it is not permissible to combine them, and if the tamyiz provides an additional meaning beyond the meaning provided by the subject, it is permissible to combine them, as in the saying of the poet: 'He chose him and did not turn to anyone else, so how excellent a man he is, a Tihami.'

مِنَ الْمَنْصُوبَاتِ : الْمُسْتَثْنَى فِي بَعْضِ أَقْسَامِهِ

Among the nouns in the accusative case is the exception, in certain instances.

وَالْحَاصِلُ أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ بِإِلَّا ، وَكَانَتْ مَسْبُوقَةً بِكَلَامٍ تَامٍّ ، مُوجَبٍ ، وَجَبَ بِمَجْمُوعِ هَذِهِ الشُّرُوطِ الثَّلَاثَةِ نَصْبُ الْمُسْتَثْنَى ، سَوَاءٌ كَانَ الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ مُتَّصِلًا ، نَحْوُ : قَامَ الْقَوْمُ إِلَّا زَيْدًا ، وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : فَشَرِبُوا مِنْهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ ، أَوْ مُنْقَطِعًا ، كَقَوْلِكَ : قَامَ الْقَوْمُ إِلَّا حِمَارًا

In short, if an exception is made using 'illa' following a complete, affirmative sentence, the exception must be in the accusative case. This applies whether the exception is connected, as in 'The people stood, except Zayd' or the Quranic verse 'They drank from it, except a few of them,' or disconnected, as in 'The people stood, except for a donkey.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (14 verbs · 46 nouns)

• فَعَلَ — to do
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• تَقَدَّمَ — to precede
• قَلِيلٌ — few
• نَصْبٌ — accusative
• مُنْقَطِعٌ — disconnected