Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 400

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هِيَ، فِي وَجْهِ جَارٌ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِتُضِيءُ، وَوَجْهُ مُضَافٌ، وَالظَّلَامِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَجْرُورٌ بِالْكَسْرَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، مُنِيرَةٌ حَالٌ مِنْ فَاعِلِ تُضِيءُ الْمُسْتَتِرِ فِيهِ، كَجُمَانَةٍ جَارٌ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ: إِمَّا حَالٌ ثَانِيَةٌ مِنْ فَاعِلِ تُضِيءُ، وَإِمَّا خَبَرُ مُبْتَدَأٍ مَحْذُوفٍ تَقْدِيرُهُ: هِيَ كَجُمَانَةٍ، وَجُمَانَةُ مُضَافٌ، وَالْبَحْرِيِّ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَجْرُورٌ بِالْكَسْرَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، سُلَّ فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ، نِظَامُهَا نِظَامٌ نَائِبُ فَاعِلِ سُلَّ مَرْفُوعٌ بِالضَّمَّةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، وَنِظَامُ مُضَافٌ وَضَمِيرُ الْغَائِبَةِ الْعَائِدُ إِلَى جُمَانَةِ الْبَحْرِيِّ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، وَجُمْلَةُ سُلَّ وَنَائِبُ فَاعِلِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ حَالٌ عَلَى تَقْدِيرِ قَدْ عِنْدَ جُمْهُورِ الْبَصْرِيِّينَ.

The pronoun is permissibly hidden, estimated as 'she'. The phrase 'fi wajhi' is a prepositional construction linked to 'tudi'u' (it illuminates); 'wajhi' is the first part of a genitive construction, and 'al-zalami' is the second, marked by a visible kasra. 'Muniratan' (illuminating) functions as the circumstantial accusative (hal) of the hidden subject within 'tudi'u'. 'Ka-jumanatin' is a prepositional phrase linked to an omitted element, serving either as a second circumstantial accusative for the subject of 'tudi'u' or as the predicate of an implied subject, estimated as 'she is like a pearl'. 'Jumanatu' is the first part of a genitive construction, and 'al-bahri' is the second, marked by a visible kasra. 'Sulla' is a past-tense verb; 'nizamaha' consists of 'nizam', the deputy subject of 'sulla' in the nominative case marked by a visible damma, and the third-person feminine pronoun referring to the sea pearl. The clause 'sulla' and its deputy subject stands in the accusative position as a circumstantial clause, assuming the presence of 'qad' according to the majority of Basran grammarians.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ مُنِيرَةٌ فَإِنَّهُ حَالٌ مِنْ فَاعِلِ تُضِيءُ، عَلَى مَا عَرَفْتَ فِي الْإِعْرَابِ، وَمَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَالِ قَدْ فُهِمَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ تُضِيءُ لِأَنَّ الْإِضَاءَةَ وَالْإِنَارَةَ بِمَعْنًى وَاحِدٍ تَقْرِيبًا، فَتَكُونُ هَذِهِ الْحَالُ مُؤَكِّدَةً لِعَامِلِهَا، وَالْحَالُ الْمُؤَكِّدَةُ لِعَامِلِهَا أَحَدُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَنْوَاعٍ لِلْحَالِ الْمُؤَكِّدَةِ.

The evidence here is the word 'muniratan', which functions as a circumstantial accusative of the subject of 'tudi'u', as established in the parsing. The meaning of this accusative is already understood from the verb 'tudi'u' itself, since 'ida'a' (illumination) and 'inara' (lighting) are nearly synonymous. Consequently, this accusative serves to reinforce its operative agent, representing one of the three types of reinforcing circumstantial accusatives.

وَنَظِيرُ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الْآيَاتُ الْأَرْبَعُ الْكَرِيمَةُ الَّتِي تَلَاهَا الشَّارِحُ، فَإِنَّ مُفْسِدِينَ فِي الْآيَةِ الْأُولَى حَالٌ مِنَ الْوَاوِ فِي تَعْثَوْا لَهُ وَقَدْ فُهِمَ مَعْنَى الْحَالِ مِنْ هَذَا الْفِعْلِ وَهُوَ عَامِلُهَا، وَمُدْبِرِينَ فِي الْآيَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ حَالٌ مِنَ التَّاءِ فِي وَلَّيْتُمْ وَقَدْ فُهِمَ هَذَا الْفِعْلُ وَهُوَ الْعَامِلُ فِيهَا، وَحَيًّا فِي الْآيَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ حَالٌ مِنَ الضَّمِيرِ الْمُسْتَتِرِ فِي أَبْعَثُ وَقَدْ فُهِمَ مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَالِ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ وَهُوَ أَبْعَثُ وَهُوَ الْعَامِلُ فِيهَا، وَضَاحِكًا فِي الْآيَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ حَالٌ مِنَ الضَّمِيرِ الْمُسْتَتِرِ فِي تَبَسَّمَ وَقَدْ فُهِمَ مَعْنَى الْحَالِ مِنْ هَذَا الْفِعْلِ الَّذِي هُوَ الْعَامِلُ فِيهَا، فَالْحَالُ فِي كُلِّ هَذِهِ الْأَمْثِلَةِ مُؤَكِّدَةٌ لِعَامِلِهَا.

Four noble verses recited by the commentator parallel this line. In the first verse, 'mufsidina' (corruptors) is a circumstantial accusative of the 'waw' in 'ta'thaw', with its meaning derived from the verb that acts as its agent. In the second verse, 'mudbirina' (turning back) is an accusative of the 'ta' in 'wallaytum', again understood through the verb. 'Hayyan' (alive) in the third verse is an accusative of the hidden pronoun in 'ab'athu', understood from that same verb. 'Dahikan' (laughing) in the fourth verse is an accusative of the hidden pronoun in 'tabassama', understood from that verb. In all these examples, the circumstantial accusative reinforces its operative agent.

…1 more translated lines, 8 more verbs and 45 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (11 verbs · 48 nouns)

• ضَاءَ — to illuminate
• سَلَّ — to draw
• عَرَفَ — to know
• مُسْتَتِرٌ — hidden
• وَجْهٌ — face
• ظَلَامٌ — darkness