Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 389

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ أُسْقِطَ ( مَرَحاً ) وَ ( كَئِيباً ) ، فَسَدَ الْمَعْنَى ، فَيَبْطُلُ كَوْنُ الْحَالِ فَضْلَةً ، وَعَلَى ذِكْرِ الْوُقُوعِ فِي جَوَابِ كَيْفَ نَحْوَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ﴿ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ

If (marahan) and (ka'iban) were omitted, the meaning would collapse, invalidating the classification of the circumstantial accusative (hal) as an 'extra' (fadlah). This also applies to its occurrence in response to 'how,' as in the Almighty's saying: 'Do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption.'

أَرَادَ بِهِ الْمُتَغَيِّرَ الْحَالُ « الرَّجَاءُ » الْأَمَلُ ، وَيَقَعُ فِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ مُحَرَّفاً « قَلِيلُ الرَّخَاءِ

He intended by this the one whose state has changed. 'Al-raja'' means hope, though some copies contain the corrupted reading 'qalil al-rakha'' (little ease).

الْإِعْرَابُ : « لَيْسَ » فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ نَاقِصٌ ، « مَنْ » اسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ اسْمُ لَيْسَ ، « مَاتَ » فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازاً تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى مَنْ ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا صِلَةٌ ، « فَاسْتَرَاحَ » الْفَاءُ عَاطِفَةٌ ، اِسْتَرَاحَ : فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مَعْطُوفَةٌ عَلَى جُمْلَةِ الصِّلَةِ فَلَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا ، « بِمَيِّتٍ » الْبَاءُ حَرْفُ جَرٍّ ، مَيِّتٌ : خَبَرُ لَيْسَ ، مَنْصُوبٌ بِفَتْحَةٍ مُقَدَّرَةٍ عَلَى آخِرِهِ مَنَعَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا اشْتِغَالُ الْمَحَلِّ بِحَرَكَةِ حَرْفِ الْجَرِّ الزَّائِدِ ، « إِنَّمَا » أَدَاةُ حَصْرٍ ، « الْمَيِّتُ » مُبْتَدَأٌ ، « مَيِّتُ » خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَإِ ، وَمَيِّتُ مُضَافٌ ، وَ « الْأَحْيَاءِ » مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ ، « إِنَّمَا » أَدَاةُ حَصْرٍ ، الْمَيِّتُ مُبْتَدَأٌ ، « مَنْ » اسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَإِ ، « يَعِيشُ » فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازاً تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى مَنْ ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا صِلَةٌ ، « كَئِيباً » حَالٌ مِنَ الضَّمِيرِ الْمُسْتَتِرِ فِي يَعِيشُ ، « كَاسِفاً » حَالٌ ثَانِيَةٌ ، « بَالُهُ » بَالٌ : فَاعِلٌ بِكَاسِفٍ ؛ لِأَنَّهُ اسْمُ فَاعِلٍ ، وَبَالٌ مُضَافٌ وَضَمِيرُ الْغَائِبِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ ، « قَلِيلُ » حَالٌ ثَالِثَةٌ ، وَقَلِيلٌ مُضَافٌ ، وَ « الرَّجَاءِ » مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ

Parsing: 'laysa' is a defective past verb; 'man' is a relative pronoun serving as the subject of 'laysa'; 'mata' is a past verb with an implied subject (he) referring to 'man,' and the clause has no grammatical position as it is a relative clause; 'fastaraha' uses the 'fa' as a conjunction, 'istaraha' is a past verb with an implied subject, and the clause is conjoined to the relative clause, thus having no grammatical position; 'bimayyitin' uses the 'ba' as a preposition, and 'mayyitin' is the predicate of 'laysa,' in the position of an accusative with a vowel hidden by the occupation of the place by the vowel of the redundant preposition; 'innama' is a restrictive particle; 'al-mayyitu' is the subject (mubtada'); 'mayyitu' is the predicate, and 'mayyitu' is in a genitive construction with 'al-ahya'i'; 'innama' is a restrictive particle; 'al-mayyitu' is the subject; 'man' is a relative pronoun serving as the predicate; 'ya'ishu' is an imperfect verb with an implied subject (he) referring to 'man,' and the clause has no grammatical position as a relative clause; 'ka'iban' is a circumstantial accusative referring to the implied subject in 'ya'ishu'; 'kasifan' is a second circumstantial accusative; 'baluhu' uses 'bal' as the subject of 'kasifan' because it is an active participle, and 'bal' is in a genitive construction with the third-person pronoun; 'qalilu' is a third circumstantial accusative, and 'qalil' is in a genitive construction with 'al-raja'i'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 70 nouns)

• أَسْقَطَ — to drop
• فَسَدَ — to spoil
• بَطَلَ — to become void
• مَرَحٌ — exultation
• كَئِيبٌ — sad person
• مَعْنًى — meaning