Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 387

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَقَدِ اسْتُفِيدَ مِنْ تَمْثِيلِي بِـ ( كُنْ أَنْتَ وَزَيْدًا كَالْأَخِ ) أَنَّ مَا بَعْدَ الْمَفْعُولِ يَكُونُ عَلَى حَسَبِ مَا قَبْلَهُ فَقَطْ ، لَا عَلَى حَسَبِهِمَا ، وَإِلَّا لَقُلْتُ كَالْأَخَوَيْنِ ، هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ

It has been derived from my example 'Be you and Zayd like the brother' that what follows the object of accompaniment is based only on what precedes it, not on both of them, otherwise you would have said 'like the two brothers'; this is the correct view.

وَمِمَّنْ نَصَّ عَلَيْهِ ابْنُ كَيْسَانَ ، وَالسَّمَاعُ وَالْقِيَاسُ يَقْتَضِيَانِهِ الْأَخْفَشِ إِجَازَةُ مُطَابَقَتِهِمَا قِيَاسًا عَلَى الْعَطْفِ ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ

Among those who stated this is Ibn Kaysan, and audition and analogy require it, and from al-Akhfash is the permission of their correspondence by analogy to conjunction, but it is not strong.

وَالثَّالِثَةُ : أَنْ يَتَرَجَّحَ الْعَطْفُ وَيَضْعُفَ الْمَفْعُولُ مَعَهُ ، وَذَلِكَ إِذَا أَمْكَنَ الْعَطْفُ بِغَيْرِ ضَعْفٍ فِي اللَّفْظِ ، وَلَا ضَعْفٍ فِي الْمَعْنَى ، نَحْوَ : « قَامَ زَيْدٌ وَعَمْرٌو » ؛ لِأَنَّ الْعَطْفَ هُوَ الْأَصْلُ ، وَلَا مُضَعِّفَ لَهُ ، فَيَتَرَجَّحُ

The third case: that conjunction prevails and the object of accompaniment weakens, and that is if conjunction is possible without weakness in wording or meaning, such as 'Zayd and Amr stood'; because conjunction is the origin and has no weakener, so it prevails.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (20 verbs · 43 nouns)

• اِسْتَفَادَ — to deduce/infer
• كَانَ — to be
• قَالَ — to say
• تَمْثِيل — example
• أَخ — brother
• مَفْعُول — object