Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 372

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ قَطْرِ النَّدَى وَبَلِّ الصَّدَى

Sharh Qatr al-Nada wa Ball al-Sada.

وَاحْتَرَزْتُ بِذِكْرِ الْفَضْلَةِ عَنْ نَحْوِ قَوْلِكَ : « كَلَامُكَ كَلَامٌ حَسَنٌ » وَقَوْلِ الْعَرَبِ : « جَدُّ جِدُّهُ » فَكَلَامٌ الثَّانِي وَجِدُّهُ : مَصْدَرَانِ سُلِّطَ عَلَيْهِمَا عَامِلٌ وَهُوَ الْفِعْلُ فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي ، وَالْمُبْتَدَأُ فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ ؛ مِنْ لَفْظِهِمَا بِنَاءً عَلَى قَوْلِ سِيبَوَيْهِ إِنَّ الْمُبْتَدَأَ عَامِلٌ فِي الْخَبَرِ ــ وَلَيْسَا مِنْ بَابِ الْمَفْعُولِ الْمُطْلَقِ فِي شَيْءٍ

By specifying the 'extra' (fadlah), I excluded examples like your saying, 'Your speech is good speech,' or the Arab expression, 'His seriousness is his seriousness.' In both cases, the second 'speech' and 'seriousness' are verbal nouns governed by an operator—the verb in the second example and the subject in the first—derived from their own roots. This follows Sibawayh’s view that the subject governs the predicate. Neither of these falls under the category of the absolute object.

وَقَدْ تُنْصَبُ أَشْيَاءُ عَلَى الْمَفْعُولِ الْمُطْلَقِ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ مَصْدَراً ؛ وَذَلِكَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ النِّيَابَةِ عَنِ الْمَصْدَرِ ، نَحْوُ : « كُلُّ » وَ « بَعْضُ » مُضَافَيْنِ إِلَى الْمَصْدَرِ ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ﴿ فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ ﴾ (٢) ﴿ وَلَوْ تَقَوَّلَ عَلَيْنَا بَعْضَ الْأَقَاوِيلِ ﴾ وَالْعَدَدِ ، نَحْوُ : ﴿ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً ﴾ فَثَمَانِينَ : مَفْعُولٌ مُطْلَقٌ ، وَجَلْدَةً : تَمْيِيزٌ ، وَأَسْمَاءِ الْآلَاتِ نَحْوُ : ضَرَبْتُهُ سَوْطاً ، أَوْ عَصاً ، أَوْ مِقْرَعَةً

Other items may take the accusative case as absolute objects even if they are not verbal nouns, acting instead as substitutes. This includes 'all' (kull) and 'some' (ba'd) when annexed to a verbal noun, as in the Quranic verses, 'Do not incline completely' and 'If he had fabricated some sayings against Us.' It also includes numbers, such as, 'Flog them eighty lashes,' where 'eighty' is the absolute object and 'lashes' is the specifier. Names of instruments function similarly, as in, 'I struck him with a whip, a stick, or a lash.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (16 verbs · 53 nouns)

• اِحْتَرَزَ — to be cautious
• سَلَّطَ — to cause to govern
• نَصَبَ — to make accusative
• فَضْلَة — surplus
• نَحْو — direction
• قَوْل — saying