Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 348

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَالْقَوَافِي مَنْصُوبَةٌ، وَقَالَ آخَرُ: أَلَا يَا زَيْدُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ سِيرَا، فَقَدْ جَاوَزْتُمَا خَمَرَ الطَّرِيقِ.

The rhymes are in the accusative. Another poet said: 'O Zayd and al-Dahhak, keep moving, for you have passed the road's thick cover.'

لِكَعْبٍ، وَابْنِ مُضَافٍ، وَأُمَامَةَ (مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، مَجْرُورٌ بِالْفَتْحَةِ نِيَابَةً عَنِ الْكَسْرَةِ لِأَنَّهُ مَمْنُوعٌ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ لِلْعَلَمِيَّةِ وَالتَّأْنِيثِ) وَابْنِ (الْوَاوُ عَاطِفَةٌ، ابْنُ: مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى اسْمِ مَا، وَابْنُ مُضَافٌ وَأَرْوَى مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ) بِأَجْوَدَ، الْبَاءُ حَرْفُ جَرٍّ زَائِدٌ، أَجْوَدُ: خَبَرُ مَا الْحِجَازِيَّةِ) مِنْكَ (جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَجْوَدَ) يَا حَرْفُ نِدَاءٍ (عُمَرُ) يُرْوَى بِالضَّمِّ وَالنَّصْبِ؛ فَأَمَّا الضَّمُّ فَهُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ، وَهُوَ مُنَادًى مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الضَّمِّ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ (الْجَوَادَا) نَعْتٌ لِعُمَرَ بِاعْتِبَارِ مَحَلِّهِ وَنَعْتُ الْمَنْصُوبِ مَنْصُوبٌ، وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَالْأَلِفُ لِلْإِطْلَاقِ.

For Ka'b, Ibn Mudaf, and Umamah (genitive, marked with a fatha instead of a kasra because it is indeclinable due to being a proper feminine noun), and Ibn (the waw is a conjunction; Ibn is a coordinate to the noun 'ma', and Ibn is a possessor with Arwa as the possessed) with 'ajwad' (the ba is an extra preposition; 'ajwad' is the predicate of the Hijazi 'ma') from you (preposition and noun related to 'ajwad'). 'Ya' is a vocative particle. 'Umar' is narrated with both damma and fatha; the damma is the more famous, being a vocative noun built on damma in the place of an accusative. 'Al-jawada' is an adjective for 'Umar considering its place, and an adjective of an accusative is itself accusative, marked by the apparent fatha, with the alif serving for rhythmic lengthening.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ (الْجَوَادَا) فَإِنَّهُ نَعْتٌ لِعُمَرَ، وَعُمَرُ مُنَادًى مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الضَّمِّ عَلَى مَا عَرَفْتَ فِي الْإِعْرَابِ، وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي الْبَيْتِ بِنَصْبِ الْجَوَادِ بِدَلِيلِ قَوَافِي الْقَصِيدَةِ كُلِّهَا؛ فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ نَعْتَ الْمُنَادَى الْمَبْنِيِّ إِذَا كَانَ مُقْتَرِنًا بِأَلْ جَازَ فِيهِ النَّصْبُ مُرَاعَاةً لِمَحَلِّ الْمُنَادَى.

The evidence here is his use of 'al-jawada', which is an adjective for 'Umar. Since 'Umar is a vocative noun built on damma, as established in the parsing, and it appears in the verse in the accusative as 'al-jawada'—proven by the rhymes of the entire poem—this shows that an adjective for a built vocative noun, if it contains the definite article 'al', may be placed in the accusative to reflect the underlying case of the vocative.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 73 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• سَارَ — to walk
• جَاوَزَ — to pass
• قَافِيَةٌ — rhyme
• آخَرُ — another
• زَيْدٌ — Zayd