Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 344

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَإِذَا كَانَ الْمُنَادَى مُضَافاً إِلَى مُضَافٍ إِلَى الْيَاءِ - مِثْلُ : « يَا غُلَامَ غُلَامِي » - لَمْ يَجُزْ فِيهِ إِلَّا إِثْبَاتُ الْيَاءِ مَفْتُوحَةً أَوْ سَاكِنَةً ، إِلَّا إِنْ كَانَ ابْنَ أُمٍّ ، أَوْ ابْنَ عَمٍّ ؛ فَيَجُوزُ فِيهِمَا أَرْبَعُ لُغَاتٍ : فَتْحُ الْمِيمِ ، وَكَسْرُهَا ، وَقَدْ قَرَأَتِ السَّبْعَةُ بِهِمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ﴿ قَالَ ابْنَ أُمَّ إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ اسْتَضْعَفُونِي ﴾ ، ﴿ قَالَ يَا بْنَ أُمَّ لَا تَأْخُذْ بِلِحْيَتِي ﴾ وَالثَّالِثَةُ : إِثْبَاتُ الْيَاءِ ، كَقَوْلِ الشَّاعِرِ : يَا ابْنَ أُمِّي وَيَا شَقِيقَ نَفْسِي أَنْتَ خَلَّفْتَنِي لِدَهْرٍ شَدِيدِ

When a vocative noun is annexed to another noun which is itself annexed to the first-person 'ya'—such as 'Ya ghulama ghulami' (O servant of my servant)—the only permissible form is to retain the 'ya', either with a fatha or a sukun. The exceptions are 'ibna umm' (son of my mother) and 'ibna 'amm' (son of my paternal uncle). In these two cases, four linguistic forms are permitted: the mim may take a fatha or a kasra, both of which appear in the Seven Canonical Readings of the Almighty's words: 'He said, O son of my mother, the people have weakened me,' and 'He said, O son of my mother, do not seize me by my beard.' The third form is to retain the 'ya,' as in the poet's line: 'O son of my mother and brother of my soul, you have left me for a harsh time.'

هَذَا الْبَيْتُ مِنْ كَلَامِ أَبِي زُبَيْدٍ الطَّائِيِّ ، وَاسْمُهُ حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ ، وَهُوَ مِنْ كَلِمَةٍ يَرْثِي فِيهَا أَخَاهُ ، وَقَدْ أَنْشَدَهُ الْمُؤَلِّفُ فِي أَوْضَحِهِ وَالْأَشْمُونِيُّ فِي الْمُنَادَى الْمُضَافِ لِيَاءِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ وَسِيبَوَيْهِ

This verse is by Abu Zubayd al-Ta'i, whose name was Harmala ibn al-Mundhir. It comes from a poem lamenting his brother. The author cites it in his 'Awdah,' as do al-Ashmuni in his section on the vocative annexed to the first-person 'ya,' and Sibawayh.

اللُّغَةُ : شَقِيقٌ بِضَمِّ الشِّينِ وَفَتْحِ الْقَافِ وَتَشْدِيدِ الْيَاءِ مُصَغَّرُ شَقِيقٍ بِفَتْحِ الشِّينِ

Linguistic note: 'Shaqiq'—with a damma on the shin, a fatha on the qaf, and a shadda on the ya—is the diminutive of 'shaqiq' (with a fatha on the shin).

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Vocabulary · المفردات (21 verbs · 51 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• أَضَافَ — to add
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• مُنَادًى — vocative
• يَاء — ya letter
• مِثْل — example