Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 322

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَإِنَّمَا يَتَرَجَّحُ النَّصْبُ فِي ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الرَّفْعَ يَسْتَلْزِمُ الْإِخْبَارَ بِالْجُمْلَةِ الطَّلَبِيَّةِ عَنِ الْمُبْتَدَأِ ، وَهُوَ خِلَافُ الْقِيَاسِ ؛ لِأَنَّهَا لَا تَحْتَمِلُ الصِّدْقَ وَالْكَذِبَ

The accusative is preferred here because the nominative would require using an imperative or interrogative sentence as a predicate for a subject, which violates standard rules since such sentences cannot be judged as true or false.

وَيُشْكِلُ عَلَى هَذَا نَحْوُ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ﴿ وَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمَا ﴾ ، فَإِنَّهُ نَظِيرُ قَوْلِكَ « زَيْداً وَعَمْراً أَضْرِبْ أَخَاهُمَا » وَإِنَّمَا رُجِّحَ فِي ذَلِكَ النَّصْبُ لِكَوْنِ الْفِعْلِ الْمَشْغُولِ فِعْلَ طَلَبٍ ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ﴿ وَالزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا ﴾ ، وَالْقُرَّاءُ السَّبْعَةُ : قَدْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى الرَّفْعِ فِي الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ

This is complicated by verses such as, 'As for the male and female thief, cut off their hands,' which mirrors the construction, 'Zayd and Amr, strike their brother.' The accusative is preferred in such cases because the verb is a command, yet the seven canonical reciters unanimously chose the nominative for both this verse and the similar one regarding the adulterer and adulteress.

وَقَدْ أُجِيبَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ التَّقْدِيرَ : مِمَّا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ حُكْمُ السَّارِقِ وَالسَّارِقَةِ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمَا ؛ فَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَةُ : مُبْتَدَأٌ وَمَعْطُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ ، وَالْخَبَرُ مَحْذُوفٌ ، وَهُوَ الْجَارُّ وَالْمَجْرُورُ ، وَاقْطَعُوا : جُمْلَةٌ مُسْتَأْنَفَةٌ ؛ فَلَمْ يَلْزَمِ الْإِخْبَارُ بِالْجُمْلَةِ الطَّلَبِيَّةِ عَنِ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَلَمْ يَسْتَقِمْ عَمَلُ فِعْلٍ مِنْ جُمْلَةٍ فِي مُبْتَدَأٍ مُخْبَرٍ عَنْهُ بِغَيْرِهِ مِنْ جُمْلَةٍ أُخْرَى ، وَمِثْلُهُ : « زَيْدٌ فَقِيرٌ فَأَعْطِهِ » وَ « خَالِدٌ مَكْسُورٌ فَلَا تُهِنْهُ » وَهَذَا قَوْلُ سِيبَوَيْهِ ، وَقَالَ الْمُبَرِّدُ : أَلْ مَوْصُولَةٌ بِمَعْنَى الَّذِي ، وَالْفَاءُ جِيءَ بِهَا لِتَدُلَّ عَلَى السَّبَبِيَّةِ ، كَمَا فِي قَوْلِكَ : « الَّذِي يَأْتِينِي فَلَهُ دِرْهَمٌ » ، وَفَاءُ السَّبَبِيَّةِ لَا يَعْمَلُ مَا بَعْدَهَا فِيمَا قَبْلَهَا ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ شَرْطَ هَذَا الْبَابِ أَنَّ الْفِعْلَ لَوْ سُلِّطَ عَلَى الِاسْمِ لَنَصَبَهُ

The response is that the implied meaning is: 'Among what is recited to you is the ruling for the thief, so cut off their hands.' Here, 'the thief' is the subject, the predicate is the omitted prepositional phrase, and 'cut off' is a separate, initiated sentence. This avoids predicating a subject with a command and prevents a verb from one sentence from governing a subject already predicated by another. Sibawayh cites examples like, 'Zayd is poor, so give to him,' and 'Khalid is broken, so do not insult him.' Al-Mubarrad, however, argues that the definite article acts as a relative pronoun meaning 'the one who,' and the 'fa' indicates causality, as in, 'The one who comes to me, he gets a dirham.' Since this 'fa' of causality does not allow the following verb to govern what precedes it, this fits the rule that the verb must be able to govern the noun in the accusative if applied to it.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (30 verbs · 49 nouns)

• تَرَجَّحَ — to be preferred
• اِسْتَلْزَمَ — to necessitate
• اِحْتَمَلَ — to bear
• نَصْب — accusative
• رَفْع — nominative case
• إِخْبَار — informing