Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 300

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فَعَطْفُ « مُوجِعَاتِ » بِالنَّصْبِ عَلَى مَحَلِّ قَوْلِهِ : « مَا الْبُكَاءُ » الَّذِي عُلِّقَ عَنِ الْعَمَلِ فِيهِ قَوْلُهُ « أَدْرِي

The accusative case of 'muji'atin' is governed by the position of the phrase 'ma al-buka'u', which was prevented from being governed by the preceding verb 'adri'.

بَابُ الْفَاعِلِ : الْفَاعِلُ مَرْفُوعٌ ، كَـ « قَامَ زَيْدٌ » وَ « مَاتَ عَمْرٌو » ، وَلَا يَتَأَخَّرُ عَامِلُهُ عَنْهُ ، وَلَا تَلْحَقُهُ عَلَامَةُ تَثْنِيَةٍ وَلَا جَمْعٍ ، بَلْ يُقَالُ : قَامَ رَجُلَانِ وَرِجَالٌ وَنِسَاءٌ ، كَمَا يُقَالُ : قَامَ رَجُلٌ ، وَشَذَّ « يَتَعَاقَبُونَ فِيكُمْ مَلَائِكَةٌ

Chapter on the Agent: The agent is always in the nominative case, as in 'qama Zaydun' (Zayd stood) or 'mata 'Amrun' ('Amr died). Its governing verb must precede it, and it takes no dual or plural markers. One says 'qama rajulani' (two men stood), 'qama rijalun' (men stood), and 'qama nisa'un' (women stood), just as one says 'qama rajulun' (a man stood). The construction 'yata'aqabuna fikum mala'ikatun' (angels succeed one another among you) is anomalous.

ذَكَرَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ وَتَبِعَهُ أَبُو حَيَّانَ أَنَّ جُمْلَةَ الْمُعَلَّقَاتِ « لَعَلَّ » نَحْوٌ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : « وَإِنْ أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ فِتْنَةٌ لَكُمْ » وَنَحْوُ قَوْلِهِ سُبْحَانَهُ : « وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّهُ يَزَّكَّى » وَجَزَمَ بِهَذَا ابْنُ هِشَامٍ فِي شُذُورِ الذَّهَبِ ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ « لَعَلَّ » مُعَلَّقاً لِأَنَّهُ أَشْبَهَ الِاسْتِفْهَامَ فِي عِدَّةِ أَشْيَاءَ مِنْهَا أَنَّهُ مَعَ مَا بَعْدَهُ لَيْسَ خَبَراً ، وَمِنْهَا أَنَّ مَا بَعْدَهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ عَمَّا قَبْلَهُ فَلَيْسَ لِمَا قَبْلَهُ عَمَلٌ فِيمَا بَعْدَهُ

Abu Ali, followed by Abu Hayyan, noted that 'la'alla' acts as a suspending particle, as in the Quranic verses 'wa in adri la'allahu fitnatun lakum' (I do not know, perhaps it is a trial for you) and 'wa ma yudrika la'allahu yazzakka' (What makes you know, perhaps he might purify himself). Ibn Hisham confirmed this in Shudhur al-Dhahab. 'La'alla' is considered a suspending particle because it resembles an interrogative in several ways: it does not function as a predicate with what follows, and the subsequent clause is disconnected from the preceding one, meaning the verb cannot govern what follows.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (27 verbs · 48 nouns)

• عَلَّقَ — to block grammatical government
• دَرَى — to know
• قَامَ — to stand
• عَطْفٌ — conjunction
• مُوجِعَةٌ — painful (thing)
• نَصْبٌ — accusative