Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 238

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بِمَنْزِلَةِ « لَمْ يَعِ » فَالْوَقْفُ عَلَيْهِ بِإِعَادَةِ الْحَرْفِ الَّذِي كَانَ فِيهِ أَوْلَى مِنِ اجْتِلَابِ حَرْفٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ ، وَلَا يُقَالُ مِثْلُهُ فِي « لَمْ يَعِ » لِأَنَّ إِعَادَةَ الْيَاءِ تُؤَدِّي إِلَى إِلْغَاءِ الْجَازِمِ ، بِخِلَافِ « لَمْ يَكُنْ » فَإِنَّ الْجَازِمَ اقْتَضَى حَذْفَ الضَّمَّةِ ، لَا حَذْفَ النُّونِ ، كَمَا بَيَّنَ

This is equivalent to 'lam ya'i', so pausing by restoring the original letter is preferable to introducing a new one. This does not apply to 'lam ya'i' because restoring the ya' would negate the jussive effect, unlike 'lam yakun', where the jussive required dropping the damma rather than the nun, as explained.

وَحَذْفُهَا وَحْدَهَا مُعَوَّضاً عَنْهَا « مَا » فِي مِثْلِ « أَمَّا أَنْتَ ذَا نَفَرٍ » وَمَعَ اسْمِهَا فِي مِثْلِ « إِنْ خَيْراً فَخَيْرٌ » وَ « الْتَمِسْ وَلَوْ خَاتَماً مِنْ حَدِيدٍ

Deleting it alone, with 'ma' as a substitute, occurs in expressions like 'amma anta dha nafarin'. Deleting it along with its noun occurs in examples such as 'in khayran fa-khayrun' and 'iltamis wa-law khataman min hadidin'.

مِنْ خَصَائِصِ « كَانَ » جَوَازُ حَذْفِهَا ، وَلَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ حَالَتَانِ : تَارَةً تُحْذَفُ وَحْدَهَا وَيَبْقَى الِاسْمُ وَالْخَبَرُ ، وَيُعَوَّضُ عَنْهَا « مَا » ، وَتَارَةً تُحْذَفُ مَعَ اسْمِهَا وَيَبْقَى الْخَبَرُ وَلَا يُعَوَّضُ عَنْهَا شَيْءٌ

One characteristic of 'kana' is that it may be omitted. This happens in two ways: either it is omitted alone while the noun and predicate remain, with 'ma' serving as a substitute, or it is omitted along with its noun, leaving only the predicate with no substitute.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 31 nouns)

• وَعَى — to heed
• كَانَ — to be
• قَالَ — to say
• مَنْزِلَة — status
• وَقْف — pause
• إِعَادَة — repetition