Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 222

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَمَا يَعْمَلُهُ بِشَرْطِ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ عَلَيْهِ ( مَا ) الْمَصْدَرِيَّةُ الظَّرْفِيَّةُ ، وَهُوَ : دَامَ ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ﴿ وَأَوْصَانِي بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيًّا ﴾ أَيْ : وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِاسْلَمِي ، وَلَا : الْوَاوُ حَرْفُ عَطْفٍ ، وَلَا : حَرْفُ دُعَاءٍ ، زَالَ : فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ نَاقِصٌ ، يَرْفَعُ الِاسْمَ وَيَنْصِبُ الْخَبَرَ ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ ، مُنْهَلًّا : خَبَرُ زَالَ تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى اسْمِهِ ، بِجَرْعَائِكِ : الْبَاءُ حَرْفُ جَرٍّ ، جَرْعَاءُ : مَجْرُورٌ بِالْبَاءِ وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ ، وَجَرْعَاءُ مُضَافٌ وَالْكَافُ ضَمِيرُ الْمُخَاطَبَةِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْكَسْرِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ ، وَالْجَارُّ وَالْمَجْرُورُ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِقَوْلِهِ مُنْهَلًّا ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْوَصْفَ كَالْفِعْلِ يَتَعَلَّقُ بِهِ الظَّرْفُ وَشِبْهُهُ ، الْقَطْرُ : اسْمُ زَالَ تَأَخَّرَ عَنِ الْخَبَرِ ، مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ ، وَأَصْلُ نِظَامِ الْكَلَامِ : وَلَا زَالَ الْقَطْرُ مُنْهَلًّا بِجَرْعَائِكِ

The verb that requires the adverbial infinitive 'ma' to precede it is 'dama', as in the verse: 'He has enjoined upon me prayer and zakah as long as I remain alive.' The phrase 'wa-majrur' relates to 'aslami'. As for 'la', the 'waw' is a conjunction and 'la' is a particle of supplication. 'Zala' is an incomplete past verb that takes a nominative noun and an accusative predicate; it is indeclinable on the fatha and has no grammatical function in terms of inflection. 'Munhallan' is the predicate of 'zala' placed before its noun. In 'bi-jar'a'iki', the 'ba' is a preposition, and 'jar'a'u' is the genitive noun marked by the apparent kasra. 'Jar'a'u' is in a possessive construction with the second-person pronoun 'kaf', which is indeclinable on the kasra in the genitive position. This prepositional phrase relates to 'munhallan' because a participle functions like a verb in governing adverbs and their equivalents. 'Al-qatru' is the noun of 'zala', delayed after the predicate, and is in the nominative case marked by the apparent damma. The original word order is: 'wa la zala al-qatru munhallan bi-jar'a'iki'.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ : قَوْلُهُ وَلَا زَالَ مُنْهَلًّا بِجَرْعَائِكِ الْقَطْرُ حَيْثُ أَعْمَلَ زَالَ فِي الِاسْمِ فَرَفَعَهُ بِهَا ، وَفِي الْخَبَرِ فَنَصَبَهُ ، لِأَنَّهَا فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ نَاقِصٌ ، يَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ كَانَ ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ عَلَيْهِ حَرْفٌ دَالٌّ عَلَى الدُّعَاءِ ، وَهُوَ لَا ، وَالدُّعَاءُ شَبِيهٌ بِالنَّفْيِ

The evidence here is the phrase 'wa la zala munhallan bi-jar'a'iki al-qatru', where the poet has made 'zala' govern the noun in the nominative and the predicate in the accusative. Since it is an incomplete past verb, it functions like 'kana', and it is preceded by the particle 'la', which indicates supplication—a function similar to negation.

وَفِي الْبَيْتِ أَيْضًا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ تَقَدُّمِ خَبَرِ هَذَا الْفِعْلِ عَلَى اسْمِهِ ، فَيَكُونُ الْخَبَرُ مُتَوَسِّطًا بَيْنَ الْفِعْلِ وَاسْمِهِ ، كَمَا تَبَيَّنَ فِي الْإِعْرَابِ ، وَسَيَأْتِي شَرْحُ ذَلِكَ قَرِيبًا

The verse also demonstrates that the predicate of this verb may precede its noun, placing the predicate between the verb and the noun, as shown in the parsing. An explanation of this will follow shortly.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (19 verbs · 60 nouns)

• عَمِلَ — to work
• تَقَدَّمَ — to advance
• دَامَ — to last
• شَرْط — condition
• مَصْدَر — source
• ظَرْف — adverb